創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)背景下專業(yè)碩士培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃淺談?wù)撐?/title> <meta name="keywords" content="創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)背景下專業(yè)碩士培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃淺談?wù)撐?> <meta name="description" content="摘要：全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育，是我國(guó)教育改革發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略主題，著力提高學(xué)生服務(wù)國(guó)家服務(wù)人民的社會(huì)責(zé)任感，勇于探索的創(chuàng)新精神和善于解決問題的實(shí)踐能力。吉林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院在創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)大背景下，不斷探索專業(yè)碩士的培養(yǎng)方案，以課程設(shè)置“三三制”，課外培養(yǎng)"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/static/css/v2/article.css">  <script type="text/javascript"> var D=new Date(),RAND_STR=D.getUTCFullYear()+"_"+D.getUTCMonth()+"_"+D.getUTCDate()+"_"+(Math.floor(D.getUTCHours()/3)); if((navigator.userAgent.match(/(phone|pad|pod|mobile|ios|android|BlackBerry|MQQBrowser|JUC|Fennec|wOSBrowser|BrowserNG|WebOS|symbian|transcoder)/i))){ document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="http://m.1-jiu.com/static/js/m.js?'+RAND_STR+'"><\/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" 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<p>　　<strong>摘要</strong>：全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育，是我國(guó)教育改革發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略主題，著力提高學(xué)生服務(wù)國(guó)家服務(wù)人民的社會(huì)責(zé)任感，勇于探索的創(chuàng)新精神和善于解決問題的實(shí)踐能力。吉林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院在創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)大背景下，不斷探索專業(yè)碩士的培養(yǎng)方案，以課程設(shè)置“三三制”，課外培養(yǎng)“聯(lián)合制”，全員評(píng)教“持續(xù)制”等方式相結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)出適合社會(huì)需求的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)型人才。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="https://p.9136.com/00/l/c2dbcec401.jpg" alt="創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)背景下專業(yè)碩士培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃淺談?wù)撐?/></p><p>　　<strong>關(guān)鍵詞</strong>：創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)；專業(yè)碩士；課程設(shè)置</p><p>　　2013年3月，教育部聯(lián)合發(fā)改委、財(cái)政部發(fā)布《關(guān)于深化研究生教育改革的意見》（教研[2013]1號(hào)）指出，研究生教育要以服務(wù)需求、提高質(zhì)量為主線，創(chuàng)新培養(yǎng)模式，加強(qiáng)課程建設(shè)，重視發(fā)揮課程教學(xué)的作用[1]。教育部高教司張大良司長(zhǎng)在2015年大學(xué)素質(zhì)教育研究會(huì)年會(huì)中指出，全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育，是我國(guó)教育改革發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略主題，重點(diǎn)是面向全體學(xué)生，促進(jìn)學(xué)生全面發(fā)展，著力提高學(xué)生服務(wù)國(guó)家服務(wù)人民的社會(huì)責(zé)任感，勇于探索的創(chuàng)新精神和善于解決問題的實(shí)踐能力。而社會(huì)責(zé)任感、創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力的培養(yǎng)，離不開創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育[2]。</p><p>　　<strong>一、課程設(shè)置是人才培養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)</strong></p><p>　　人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)是我們開展教學(xué)工作與課程設(shè)置的綱領(lǐng)，而課程設(shè)置又是教學(xué)工作開展最直接的方法與手段。課程設(shè)置在一定程度上也是學(xué)校人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的集中表現(xiàn)。為此課程結(jié)構(gòu)、課程內(nèi)容、課程銜接等方面的合理性是實(shí)現(xiàn)人才培養(yǎng)的關(guān)鍵。袁貴仁部長(zhǎng)曾指出：要想形成創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)校園文化，必須要完善和修訂創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育人才培養(yǎng)方案。專業(yè)學(xué)位的設(shè)置主要是為了滿足特定社會(huì)職業(yè)的專業(yè)人才需求，以培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用型人才為目標(biāo)[3]。在當(dāng)今創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)大潮中如何培養(yǎng)適合社會(huì)需要，具有實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的碩士研究生是諸多教育工作者實(shí)施和探索的重點(diǎn)。自2009年我國(guó)開始擴(kuò)大招收以應(yīng)屆本科畢業(yè)生為主的全日制碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生以來，吉林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院在研究生培養(yǎng)方面不斷摸索和探究，現(xiàn)已形成了課內(nèi)課程設(shè)置“三三制”，課外培養(yǎng)“聯(lián)合制”，全員評(píng)教“持續(xù)制”等碩士專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生培養(yǎng)方案。</p><p>　　<strong>二、課內(nèi)“三三制”</strong></p><p>　　專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士要求學(xué)生在知識(shí)水平上具有一定的寬度和廣度，不像學(xué)術(shù)型碩士在本領(lǐng)域中具有較深較系統(tǒng)的造詣，為此在專業(yè)型碩士培養(yǎng)的課程設(shè)置中，采取“三三制”，即分為公共課程、專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程和專業(yè)方向課程。在公共課程中除設(shè)置必修外語和政治課程之外，增設(shè)了選修課程英文科技閱讀、英文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索、專業(yè)外語、職業(yè)道德等課程，擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的學(xué)識(shí)視野。專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程中設(shè)置必修課程分子遺傳學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué)等，選修課程生命科學(xué)進(jìn)展、基因工程技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代生物學(xué)方法論等課程，并根據(jù)吉林省產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)開設(shè)了生物制藥設(shè)備、生物制藥專業(yè)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)、生物制藥校內(nèi)實(shí)訓(xùn)實(shí)驗(yàn)、新藥研究與開發(fā)、生物制藥車間設(shè)計(jì)等課程。專業(yè)方向課程中除各學(xué)生根據(jù)專業(yè)不同設(shè)置不同的`必修課程外，還增設(shè)了選修課生物合成與調(diào)控、藥物動(dòng)力學(xué)、制藥過程自動(dòng)化、生物藥劑學(xué)、微生物藥品新品種篩選、海洋生藥學(xué)、藥物設(shè)計(jì)概論、藥物代謝化學(xué)、藥物生物利用度控制等實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)的課程[4]。</p><p>　　<strong>三、課外培養(yǎng)“聯(lián)合制”</strong></p><p>　　專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士就意味著所培養(yǎng)的學(xué)生將從學(xué)科導(dǎo)向的系統(tǒng)性轉(zhuǎn)向了應(yīng)用導(dǎo)向的寬廣性，具有較強(qiáng)的解決實(shí)際問題的能力。為此在學(xué)生培養(yǎng)的模式中將側(cè)重學(xué)生應(yīng)用能力與社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力的培養(yǎng)。</p><p>　　1.與企業(yè)聯(lián)手打造應(yīng)用型人才。學(xué)校與企業(yè)共建校內(nèi)實(shí)訓(xùn)基地。通過整合學(xué)校教學(xué)和科研資源，與吉林修正藥業(yè)股份有限公司、延邊敖東藥業(yè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司、長(zhǎng)春長(zhǎng)生基因藥業(yè)股份有限公司、長(zhǎng)春百克生物科技股份公司、吉林派諾生物科技有限公司、吉林金塔實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司、國(guó)藥中生集團(tuán)長(zhǎng)春生物制品所有限公司、長(zhǎng)春大成集團(tuán)實(shí)業(yè)有限公司等10余家企業(yè)建立了研究生聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)基地和實(shí)訓(xùn)基地或博士后聯(lián)合工作站，開闊了研究生的視野、提高了實(shí)踐技能，也為他們就業(yè)或繼續(xù)深造拓寬了渠道[5]。學(xué)生進(jìn)入企業(yè)后，濃厚的企業(yè)文化深深感染學(xué)生，潛移默化地形成對(duì)良好職業(yè)素養(yǎng)的追求與向往，為培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用型人才奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　2.與科研院所聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)科研素養(yǎng)。學(xué)校攜手校內(nèi)外國(guó)家級(jí)、省部級(jí)科研平臺(tái)共同培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科研素養(yǎng)。先后與艾滋病疫苗國(guó)家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室、中草藥育種與栽培國(guó)家地方聯(lián)合工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室、中科院農(nóng)研所、分子酶學(xué)工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、動(dòng)物科技實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)國(guó)家示范中心、吉林省生物催化與生物轉(zhuǎn)化重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、吉林省模式動(dòng)物工程中心、省重大疾病與化學(xué)遺傳學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、吉林省分子病毒重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室、動(dòng)物胚胎工程吉林省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室等十余家科研院所建立校院合作，聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)學(xué)生，從而提高研究生質(zhì)量，開拓學(xué)生視野。同時(shí)科研院所與院校依據(jù)自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，邀請(qǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)外專家做學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告、組織學(xué)術(shù)交流、組織學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議，達(dá)到多位國(guó)內(nèi)外專家濟(jì)濟(jì)一堂，進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)討論，營(yíng)造科研氛圍，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)，提高科研能力。</p><p>　　3.與相關(guān)協(xié)會(huì)聯(lián)合鍛煉實(shí)踐能力。依托吉林省生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)會(huì)、吉林省遺傳協(xié)會(huì)、吉林省微生物協(xié)會(huì)等省內(nèi)科協(xié)下屬協(xié)會(huì)聯(lián)合舉辦各類競(jìng)賽、論壇等社會(huì)實(shí)踐性活動(dòng)鍛煉研究生的實(shí)踐能力，培養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展具有綜合素質(zhì)的應(yīng)用型人才。為培養(yǎng)研究生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力，現(xiàn)已參加吉林省生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)青年科學(xué)家論壇6屆、吉林省生物醫(yī)藥創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃大賽2屆，學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中得到了鍛煉，培養(yǎng)了社會(huì)實(shí)踐能力。</p><p>　　<strong>四、全員評(píng)教“持續(xù)制”</strong></p><p>　　評(píng)教工作一般是學(xué)生在校期間完成課程學(xué)習(xí)后對(duì)授課老師的教學(xué)方法、水平及課程給自己帶來的意義、影響的評(píng)價(jià)。為更好地開展教學(xué)改革，培養(yǎng)適合社會(huì)需要的研究生，施行了持續(xù)評(píng)教制度，增設(shè)了用人單位評(píng)教。在校研究生評(píng)教采取問卷及網(wǎng)上反饋相結(jié)合的方式，增加學(xué)生評(píng)教的真實(shí)性。對(duì)于已畢業(yè)的研究生采用三年全跟蹤、五年重點(diǎn)調(diào)查的方式進(jìn)行評(píng)教。每年由研究生秘書對(duì)畢業(yè)三年內(nèi)的研究生和五年內(nèi)的重點(diǎn)學(xué)生采用郵件問卷調(diào)查，征集對(duì)課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)內(nèi)容等的意見與建議，以便改進(jìn)。對(duì)于畢業(yè)生集中的用人單位采取年度調(diào)查的方式，了解畢業(yè)生在用人單位的工作情況以及用人單位對(duì)于畢業(yè)生的要求。這樣從多側(cè)面、多維度調(diào)查，不斷修訂培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃，設(shè)置更加適應(yīng)社會(huì)需要的專業(yè)碩士培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃。</p><p>　　專業(yè)碩士的培養(yǎng)是為國(guó)家建設(shè)提供應(yīng)用型人才的關(guān)鍵。如何制定符合社會(huì)需求的專業(yè)碩士培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃，如何培養(yǎng)具有基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí)和職業(yè)性、實(shí)踐性、應(yīng)用性的專業(yè)碩士是教育工作者不斷探索的方向。</p> 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