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解析四級英語寫作中的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象
所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)是指非謂語動詞短語和介詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致，否則構(gòu)成一種語病，稱為垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)或非附著結(jié)構(gòu)。這是大學(xué)四級英語寫作中常見的錯誤現(xiàn)象之一，嚴(yán)重影響對文章完整意思的準(zhǔn)確理解。下面是小編帶來的解析四級英語寫作中的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象，希望對你有幫助。
四級英語寫作中垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象
1、垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)不定式。To make friends， honesty is important.句中不定式短語To make friends 的主語應(yīng)該是人，而主句的主語是honesty，兩者不一致，構(gòu)成了垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。有三種改正方法：
(1) 將不定式短語改成相應(yīng)的狀語從句，可更正為：If onewants to make friends， honesty is important.
(2) 對主句做必要改動，使句子的主語與不定式短語的邏輯主語一致，可更正為：To make friends， one must be honest.
(3) 給不定式短語加上自己的邏輯主語，可更正為：For one to make friends， honestyis important.
2、垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)分詞。Spreading to the left， he jumped downfrom the armchair. 根據(jù)此句話的意思，分詞短語的隱含邏輯主語應(yīng)該是the fire，而句子的主語是he，兩者不一致，構(gòu)成了垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。有兩種改正方法：
(1)給分詞短語帶上一個自己的邏輯主語，使之成為一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可更正為，The firespreading to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
(2)將分詞短語改成相應(yīng)的狀語從句，可更正為：As/ When the firespread to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
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大學(xué)英語四級寫作5類常用句型
1.用于描寫漫畫圖表的常用句型
�、� As the graph depicts,…
�、� From the picture we can see that…
�、� According to the statistics shown in the first/second graph,…
�、� The table shows/indicates/reveals that…
�、� It can be seen/concludedfromthe picture/table/figures that…
2.用于句首提出論點或現(xiàn)象的句型
① Recently,…h(huán)as become the focus of society.
�、� …h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
③ Nowadays, there is a growing concern for…
�、� Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
�、� …h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life.
⑥ Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…
�、� It is only during the last/past few years that men have become generally aware that…
�、� There is an old/a popular saying/proverb that says/goes…
⑨ In recent years, there is a general tendency…
�、� Nowadays,…h(huán)as become a problem we have to face.
3.用于比較闡述不同觀點的常用句型
① Some people like/prefer…, while others feel/are inclined to…
�、� There are different opinions among people as to…
�、� Some people claim that…is superior to… Others, however, disagree with it.
�、� Some people believe that… Others maintain that… Still others claim that…
⑤ Some people suggest… Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.
�、� On the one hand, people tendto… On the other hand, they feel…
�、� Some people argue that… Others, in contrast, believe that…
⑧ Although more and more people come to believe that…, there are still others who insist that…
�、� On the contrary, there are people in favor of…
⑩ There are some people who hold different opinions about…
4.用于陳述個人觀點的句型
�、� My own experience tells me that…
② In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
�、� As for my own idea about…, I believe…
�、� As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
�、� Personally, I prefer…
�、� In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
⑦ But for me, I would rather…
�、� My point of view is that…
�、� In conclusion, I support the statement that…
�、� As for me, I tendto choose…
5.用于結(jié)尾的常用句型
�、� From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…
�、� Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…
③ It is high time that something was done about…
�、� From all the reasons/considerations above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…
⑤ Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
�、� Given the reasons I have just outlined/discussed/presented, I strongly recommendthat…
英語四級寫作三大正文段
1.段內(nèi)并列
分析某事物時，用此句型說明其主要原因或者多方面原因
例如：Why…? For one thing …For another …There are many reasons for this problem. First /For one thing …Second / For another …Third/ Still another …
2.段內(nèi)延伸
例如：In involves some serious consequence for …
3.段內(nèi)對照
(1)肯定其中一個
The benefits gainedfromB are much greater than that of A.
(2)二者有共同點
A and B have several things in common .They are similar in that…
英語四級寫作如何避開跑題
英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：1個宗旨
一般建議在作文的最后一段點出作文的宗旨，也即我們所說的"點題"。文章最后一段重申和強(qiáng)調(diào)作文主題，使閱卷老師非常輕松地找到文章的主旨，判斷考生是否"切題"，給閱卷老師節(jié)省了時間，自然會得到一些額外的"好感分"。
英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：2個范圍
任何一個作文題目，假如能夠成為一個"可以讓人探討的話題"，勢必需要"事關(guān)人"或者"事關(guān)物"，也許不要"事關(guān)重大"，但是必須是有話可說的。
"人"或"物"，就是四六級作文的兩個命題范圍：
(1)關(guān)于"人"的文章，一般涉及"個人成長成功心態(tài)哲理話題價值觀品質(zhì)習(xí)慣"等"較為抽象"的話題。這種話題重在強(qiáng)調(diào)人的"內(nèi)在品質(zhì)"，強(qiáng)調(diào)"積極意義教育價值"，命題旨在教育考生"做一個什么樣的人"。因此，與人有關(guān)的"成長類心態(tài)類和哲理類話題"是第一個命題的范圍。
(2)關(guān)于"物"的文章，一般涉及"社會事務(wù)社會現(xiàn)象"等較為"具體實在"的話題。這種話題重在強(qiáng)調(diào)"社會事件和現(xiàn)象"，旨在考察考生的"觀察問題分析問題解決問題"的實質(zhì)能力。諸如2012年6月的四級考試"excessive package of products"(商品過度包裝)2012年12月四級考試education pays (教育的回報)以及2013年6月六級的地球資源與人類的需求和貪欲，考察的都是關(guān)于"物"的實在現(xiàn)象。
英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：3種屬性
所謂"屬性"，說的是作文的話題的"性別"--作文的話題是正面的負(fù)面的還是中性的?確定了作文的"屬性"，加上作文考察的"范圍"，對整個文章的展開會有重大的作用。
正如數(shù)學(xué)概念中的"坐標(biāo)軸"，有"原點負(fù)面和正面"三個概念。作文的主題，也同樣可以分為"中性話題負(fù)面話題和正面話題"三類。通常而言，
(1)"負(fù)面消極話題"需要在作文的二三段闡述這個負(fù)面話題產(chǎn)生的原因危害弊端和解決的措施策略;
(2)"中性一般話題"需要闡述這個話題或現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，并且適當(dāng)發(fā)表個人見解看法;
(3)"正面積極話題“，則盡量論述這個話題的意義重要性和價值以及這個話題對考生帶來的啟發(fā)。
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