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<div id="5vajrimf" class="article"> <script type="text/javascript">s("title_top");</script> <h1 class="title">淺析新課程背景下高中生物導(dǎo)入例談?wù)撐?/h1> <div id="5vajrimf" class="info"> <span id="5vajrimf" class="time">時(shí)間：2020-10-29 19:12:55 </span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="sm_after_time"></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/biyelunwen/fanwen/shengwukexue/" title="生物科學(xué)畢業(yè)論文">生物科學(xué)畢業(yè)論文</a></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/usr/login.html" title="我要投稿">我要投稿</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript">s("content_top");</script> <div id="5vajrimf" class="content"> <p>淺析新課程背景下高中生物導(dǎo)入例談?wù)撐?/p> <p>　　<strong>論文關(guān)鍵詞：</strong>新課程高中生物導(dǎo)入</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="https://p.9136.com/00/l/c2dbcec41_2.jpg" alt="淺析新課程背景下高中生物導(dǎo)入例談?wù)撐?/></p><p>　　<strong>論文摘要：</strong>新課程要求改變教學(xué)方式，導(dǎo)入是教學(xué)過程中一個(gè)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，文章結(jié)合導(dǎo)入的類型，對蘇教版必修一模塊的多個(gè)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了導(dǎo)入分析。</p><p>　　一個(gè)完整的教學(xué)過程應(yīng)包括導(dǎo)入、講授、組織、結(jié)束等過程，能否在教學(xué)中使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，完成預(yù)期的教學(xué)目標(biāo)，導(dǎo)入在其中起著重要作用。</p><p>　　<strong>一、導(dǎo)入的概念及作用</strong></p><p>　　導(dǎo)入是引起學(xué)生注意，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣，激起學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，明確學(xué)習(xí)目的和建立知識(shí)間聯(lián)系的教學(xué)活動(dòng)方式。導(dǎo)入是一節(jié)課的開始，雖然只是一個(gè)很短的環(huán)節(jié)，但是在整個(gè)教學(xué)活動(dòng)中起著舉足輕重的作用，主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：導(dǎo)入可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)；導(dǎo)入可以引起學(xué)生注意，集中精力；導(dǎo)入可以開拓學(xué)生思維的廣闊性和靈活性；導(dǎo)入可以起銜接新舊知識(shí)的橋梁作用；導(dǎo)入可以揭示課題，體現(xiàn)教學(xué)目的；導(dǎo)入可以帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生進(jìn)入到學(xué)習(xí)情境中。</p><p>　　<strong>二、導(dǎo)入的類型</strong></p><p>　　1.直接導(dǎo)入：直接闡明學(xué)習(xí)目的、學(xué)習(xí)要求和各個(gè)重要部分的內(nèi)容及教學(xué)程序。</p><p>　　2.經(jīng)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入：以學(xué)生已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、已知的生物學(xué)素材為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，通過教師引導(dǎo)，激起學(xué)生的求知欲。</p><p>　　3.原有知識(shí)導(dǎo)入：以復(fù)習(xí)、提問和做習(xí)題等教學(xué)活動(dòng)開始，提供原有知識(shí)與新知識(shí)之間聯(lián)系的支點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　4.實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入：通過教師演示已知實(shí)驗(yàn)，向未知實(shí)驗(yàn)過渡，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生探索欲望和興趣。</p><p>　　5.直觀導(dǎo)入：采用直觀教具，如標(biāo)本、模型、圖表等。</p><p>　　6.設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入：結(jié)合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平，提出形式多樣和富有啟發(fā)性的問題。</p><p>　　7.事例導(dǎo)入：用學(xué)生熟悉或關(guān)心的事例進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入。</p><p>　　8.懸念導(dǎo)入：提出帶有懸念性的難題。</p><p>　　9.故事導(dǎo)入：利用生物學(xué)科中發(fā)現(xiàn)史和科學(xué)史中的故事。</p><p>　　<strong>三、內(nèi)容舉例與導(dǎo)入分析</strong></p><p>　　內(nèi)容選自蘇教版必修一模塊。</p><p>　　例一：第一章第一節(jié)（身邊的生物科學(xué)）。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是必修一模塊的第一節(jié)內(nèi)容，對學(xué)生今后的生物學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)有著重要影響，包括：人類面臨的健康問題，生物科學(xué)與社會(huì)（基因診斷和基因治療）等內(nèi)容。由于學(xué)生在初中階段的生物學(xué)中以及生活中已經(jīng)熟悉了一些影響人類健康的疾病，如癌癥、艾滋病、肺結(jié)核等，本節(jié)導(dǎo)入可采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入類型。如：同學(xué)們，隨著人類物質(zhì)生活水平的提高，健康問題越來越受到人們的重視，你們聽說過癌癥嗎？（可讓幾個(gè)同學(xué)回答）回答結(jié)束后緊接著介紹教材中提供的兩個(gè)事實(shí)，并進(jìn)行分析和討論。通過提問，能夠使學(xué)生積極思考，讓學(xué)生回答問題，能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣，同時(shí)還能自然過渡到下一問題的.分析與討論中。</p><p>　　例二：第二章第一節(jié)（細(xì)胞中的原子和分子）。包括：組成細(xì)胞的原子和分子，細(xì)胞中的無機(jī)化合物等。對于原子和分子的概念，學(xué)生在初中階段的化學(xué)課程中已經(jīng)有所了解，但由于細(xì)胞、分子和原子都屬于微觀概念，學(xué)生不易理解，為此，可采用直觀導(dǎo)入類型。上課前，教師準(zhǔn)備一些分子、原子模型帶到課堂上。導(dǎo)入：同學(xué)們，自然界中生物的種類有二百多萬種，然而組成細(xì)胞的化學(xué)元素卻基本相似，今天我們結(jié)合模型來共同學(xué)習(xí)細(xì)胞中的原子和分子。模型能對學(xué)生的視覺起直接作用，學(xué)生的注意力很快被吸引到上面來。同時(shí)為了加深記憶，可讓幾個(gè)同學(xué)用模型演示原子間的相互作用。對于微觀和宏觀的事物，我們不容易觀察，用模型來學(xué)習(xí)則能夠取得很好的效果。</p><p>　　例三：第三章第一節(jié)（生命活動(dòng)的基本單位——細(xì)胞）。包括：細(xì)胞學(xué)說的建立與發(fā)展，生物科學(xué)研究的重要工具——顯微鏡等。在顯微鏡的發(fā)展歷程中，列文虎克制作顯微鏡的故事是導(dǎo)入的最好素材，屬于故事導(dǎo)入類型。故事能激起學(xué)生興趣，同時(shí)，科學(xué)家的經(jīng)歷對于學(xué)生的情感教育也是一種很好的方式。</p><p>　　例四：第三章第三節(jié)（物質(zhì)的跨膜運(yùn)輸）。包括：被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸、主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸?shù)�。物質(zhì)如何進(jìn)出細(xì)胞主要取決于細(xì)胞膜的結(jié)構(gòu)，可采用原有知識(shí)導(dǎo)入類型。如：同學(xué)們，細(xì)胞膜是細(xì)胞與外環(huán)境之間的屏障，它能保障細(xì)胞對基本營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的攝取、代謝廢物的排出和細(xì)胞內(nèi)離子濃度的調(diào)節(jié)，使細(xì)胞內(nèi)環(huán)境保持相對穩(wěn)定。物質(zhì)是如何通過細(xì)胞膜進(jìn)出細(xì)胞呢？要想了解這個(gè)問題，我們先要來回顧一下細(xì)胞膜的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)請大家思考組成細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)的各部分對于物質(zhì)進(jìn)出細(xì)胞有什么樣的作用。這樣，既回憶、強(qiáng)化了學(xué)過的知識(shí)，又帶著問題進(jìn)入了新內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)。</p><p>　　例五：第五章第一節(jié)（細(xì)胞增殖）。包括：細(xì)胞周期與有絲分裂，無絲分裂等。初中階段，學(xué)生對細(xì)胞分裂的內(nèi)容有了一定的接觸，可采用設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入結(jié)合的形式。如：同學(xué)們，對于多細(xì)胞而言，細(xì)胞分裂是細(xì)胞增殖、分化的基礎(chǔ)，在初中生物學(xué)中我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了一些細(xì)胞分裂的知識(shí)，那么，細(xì)胞在分裂的過程中到底發(fā)生著什么樣的變化？帶著這個(gè)問題我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)的內(nèi)容。學(xué)生對于細(xì)胞分裂已經(jīng)有一定的基礎(chǔ)，但是對于細(xì)胞發(fā)生的變化認(rèn)識(shí)較淺，通過設(shè)置一定的問題，能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲。</p><p>　　導(dǎo)入是教學(xué)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)，既是傳授知識(shí)的開始，又是溝通師生情感的過程。在新課程的中學(xué)生物學(xué)教學(xué)中，生物教師要深挖資源，認(rèn)真設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)入，構(gòu)建良好的教學(xué)情境，使學(xué)生想學(xué)、愛學(xué)、主動(dòng)學(xué)�！敖虩o定法，教有規(guī)律”，生物教師在教學(xué)中要不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合實(shí)際，真正把導(dǎo)入的作用落到實(shí)處。</p><p>　　<strong>參考文獻(xiàn)：</strong></p><p>　　[1]駱豆豆.導(dǎo)入——課堂教學(xué)的點(diǎn)睛之筆[j].中學(xué)生物教學(xué),2010(5),21.</p><p>　　[2]劉恩山.中學(xué)生物學(xué)教學(xué)論[m].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:56—57.</p><p>　　[3]汪忠.分子與細(xì)胞[m].南京:江蘇教育出版社,2008.</p><script>s("content_relate");</script><p>【淺析新課程背景下高中生物導(dǎo)入例談?wù)撐摹肯嚓P(guān)文章：</p><p>1.<a 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