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關(guān)于小升初英語(yǔ)介詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)資料
什么是介詞
概述:介詞是英語(yǔ)中很活躍的詞，一般置于名詞之前。它常和名詞或名詞性詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。同一個(gè)介詞常和不同的詞語(yǔ)搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意義。
介詞的固定搭配
1)介詞和名詞的連用 2)動(dòng)詞和介詞的連用
at arrive at/in 到達(dá) at first 起初;開(kāi)始 g et off 下車
at last 最后 help sb. With sth. 幫組某人做某事 at school 在上課，在上學(xué)
ask for 請(qǐng)求 at the moment 此刻 get up 起床 at home 在家;無(wú)拘束
laugh at 嘲笑 at present 現(xiàn)在 learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)
at work 上班，在工作 look after 照顧 at the same time 同時(shí)
look for 尋找 think for 想到
on worry about 擔(dān)心 on duty 值日 listen to 聽(tīng)
on holiday 度假 l ook at 看;注視 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) talk about 交談;談
on the left/right 在左/右邊 wait for 等候;等
on the radio 在廣播中 thank for 為而感謝
on foot 步行 on sale 出售;降價(jià)出售 on TV 在電視上播放
be afraid of 害怕 on the phone 在電話中 be careful with 小心;關(guān)心
on the way 在路上 be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be good at 善于
in be proud of 感到自豪 in all 總體 be crazy about 酷愛(ài)
in class 在課堂上 be late for 干某事遲到 in English 用英語(yǔ)
in short 總之 in a hurry 匆忙地 by+交通工具
in the end 最后 by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike/sea/land
in bed 躺在床上 lots of/a lot of 許多，大量 in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中
at most 至多in fact 事實(shí)上 at least 至少 in time 及時(shí)地
at once 立刻;馬上 in a minute 立刻 in order to 為了
常用介詞的基本用法
at ①表示時(shí)間： I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。
②表示在某一具體地點(diǎn)： He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽車站。
③表示動(dòng)作的方向、目標(biāo)： Let me have a look at the picture 讓我看看這幅圖。
④用于某些固定搭配： at once 立刻、馬上 at last 最后
at the same time 同時(shí) at first 開(kāi)始時(shí) not at all 一點(diǎn)也不
about ①表示大約時(shí)間： Is about six oclock now. 現(xiàn)在大約6點(diǎn)鐘了。
②表示地點(diǎn);在周圍 Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周圍的一切都那么美好。
③關(guān)于，對(duì)于： We are talking about the news. 我們正在談?wù)撔侣劇?/p>
after ①在之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚飯后我看電視。
②在后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面進(jìn)了房間。
behind ①在之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 樹(shù)后有一輛自行車
②比晚，遲于： The train is behind time. 火車晚點(diǎn)了
by ①在旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床邊。
②到時(shí)候： We have learned three English songs by now.
到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了三首英文歌曲。
③以方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。
④用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè) by the way 順便說(shuō)一句
for ①為，給，替： Ill make a card for my teacher. 我要給老師做張卡片。
②由于： Thank you for helping me. 謝謝你幫我。
③表示給(某人)用的： There is letter for you. 這兒有你一封信。
in ①在里面： The pencil is in the desk. 鉛筆在課桌里。
②在一段時(shí)間里： We have four classes in the morning. 我們上午有四節(jié)課。
③用，以： Whats this in English? 這用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?
④在某一年份，季節(jié)，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表示狀態(tài)，服飾： Helen is in yellow. 海倫身穿黃色衣服。
⑥在方面： He is weak in English. 他的英語(yǔ)不行。
⑦用于某些固定搭配： in front of 在前面 in the end 最后 in time 及時(shí)
like ①像樣： He looks like his father. 他像他的父親。
②這樣，那樣： Dont look at me like that. 別那樣看著我。
③怎樣： Whats the weather like? 天氣怎樣。
near 靠近，在附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗戶旁。
of ①的(表示所屬關(guān)系)： This is a photo of my family. 這是一張我家的照片。
②的(用于所有格)： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一個(gè)朋友。
③表示數(shù)量(與連詞連用)： One of us is from Beijing. 我們中有一個(gè)來(lái)自北京
④想到，談到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他們。
⑤用于某些固定搭配： of course 當(dāng)然 because of 因?yàn)椋捎?/p>
on ①在上面： There are some apple on the tree. 樹(shù)上有些蘋(píng)果。
②在(星期)天，在某天的上午(下午，晚上)：On Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日
③用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
over ①在正上方： There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盞燈。
②遍及，穿過(guò)： There is a bridge over the river. 有座橋橫跨那條河。
③超過(guò)，不止： She is a little over 2. 她兩歲多了。
to ①到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗戶。
②表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量， 到為止 Please count from ten to thirty. 請(qǐng)從10數(shù)到30.
③向，對(duì)，給： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。
under Whats under your desk? 你書(shū)桌底下是什么?
with ①和，寫(xiě)： Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家嗎?
②表示伴隨狀態(tài)，帶有： Whos that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是誰(shuí)?
between ,among ,around
①between:在兩者之間 The school is between the bank and bookstore.
②among:在三者或者更多的之中There are some American students among us .
③around:環(huán)繞，在..的周圍，在的四周
They arrived at a zoo with high mountains all around it .他們到達(dá)了四周有高山環(huán)繞的山
in front of , There is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一輛小汽車。?
along ,across ,through
①along:沿著 Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing .
沿著中山路走然后在第二個(gè)十這路口向右拐。
②across:橫過(guò)(平面物體)
③through:貫通，通過(guò)The students walked through the gate
口訣1:
年月周前要用in， 日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又是in。
要說(shuō)某日上下午， 用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏用at， at用在時(shí)分前，
口訣2:
in在里，out在外，在旁邊的是beside，靠近的為by 。
on在上， under在下，above在上頭， below在底下。
口訣3:
①早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午I n the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天
②黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分用at
at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜間
at six oclock 在6點(diǎn)鐘 at 7：30 在7點(diǎn)半
③年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周用in。
in 1986 在1986年 in April 在四月 in December 1986 1986年12月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
小處at大處in
介詞練習(xí)
( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In
( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at
( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among
( )4.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in
( )5.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to
( )6.I really cant agree ____ you. A. to B. on C. with
( )7.The shop wont open ___ nine in the morning. A. until B. at C. during
( )8.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered
( )9.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on
( )10.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by
( )11.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above
( )12.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. A. to B. on C. till
( )13.Its wrong to play jokes ___ other people. A. on B. of C. with
( )14.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on
( )15.I wont ask about it, Im going to see it ___ _ my own eyes. A. by B. for C. with
( )16.There is a small river ___ the two towns A. in B. between C. among
( )17.Are you going to the zoo __ _ bus or ___ my car? A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in
( )18. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 oclock ______ the morning.
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on
( )19. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; i
( )20.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the tree is picking an apple.
A. in ; on B. on ; in C. in ; at
一、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。
1.Whats this______(at,on,in)English?
2.Christmas is______(at,on,in)the 25th of December.
3.Look at those birds______ (on,in)the tree.
4.Is there a cat______ (under, behind, in)the door?
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