小升初英語必備知識點
1現在進行時
表示正在發生的事情或進行的動作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結構是主語+be動詞(am, is, are)+動詞ing.
如:It is raining now.
外面正在下雨
It is six oclock now.
現在6點了
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.
我父母正在客廳看報紙
Look! The children are having a running race now.
看!孩子們正在賽跑
問句將be動詞移前,否定句在be動詞后+not.
2一般現在時
表示經常反復發生的事情或動作,常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等詞連用。
結構是主語+動詞原形;當主語為第三人稱單數即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時,動詞后加s或es.
如:We have an English lesson every day.
我們每天都要上英語課
Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快嗎?是的
問句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt,后面動詞一定要還原。
3一般過去時
表示發生在過去的事情或存在的狀態,常與just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。
結構是主語+be動詞的過去式(was; were)或主語+動詞的過去式。
注意:be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用。
如:My earphones were on the ground just now.
我的耳機剛剛還在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a camp.
你上個星期去哪了?我去野營了
What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm
你昨天去干嘛了?我去參觀農場了。
問句有be動詞將be動詞移前,沒有be動詞借助于did,后面動詞還原;
否定句有be動詞在后面加not,沒有借助于didnt后面動詞還原。
4一般將來時
表示將要打算發生的事情或動作,常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等詞連用。結構是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.
你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子們下個星期將參加運動會。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.
Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。
問句將be動詞或will移前;否定句在be動詞或will后加not.
5情態動詞
can; can should; shouldn must; may后一定加動詞原形。
如:The girl cant swim, but he can skate.
女孩不會游泳,但是會滑冰
Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再課上說話,你應該認真聽老師講。
6祈使句
肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以dont加動詞原形開頭。
如:Open the box for me ,please.
請為我打開盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.
劉濤,明天請早點起床!
Dont walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.
海倫!不要爬樹。
7go的用法
去干嘛用go +動詞ing
如: go swimming; go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing
8比較
than 前用比較級;asas之間用原級。
如:My mother is two years younger than my father.
我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
劉濤跳得和本一樣遠。
9喜歡做某事
用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。
如: Su Yang likes growing flowers.
蘇陽喜歡種花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子們喜歡在春節去玩花燈。
10想要做某事
用 would like +to+動原或want + to +動原。
例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum
11some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當表示委婉語氣時仍用
如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
12代詞
人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。
賓格做賓語用,一般放在動詞或介詞后
如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。
賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。
形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨使用,分別是my your his her its our your their
名詞性物主代詞相當于形物加名詞,它只能單獨使用后面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
13介詞
介詞后要么不加動詞,加動詞只能加動詞ing形式
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping;
14時間介詞
季節前,月份前用介詞in
如:in summer;in March
具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on
如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在幾點鐘前用介詞at
如: at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜間用at night。
另:季節,月份和星期前不好加the.
15名詞復數構成的方法
有規則的有:
(1)直接在名詞后加s
如orangeoranges; photophotos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結尾的加es
如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach--peaches
(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es
如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;
(4)以f, fe結尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以o結尾的我們學過的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,)
不規則的有:
man womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren
16動詞第三人稱單數的構成
(1)直接在動詞后加s
如:run dancedances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o結尾的加es
如:dogowashwashes;catchcatches
(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es
如:studystudies; carrycarries;
17現在分詞的構成
(1)直接在動詞后加ing
如:singsinging; skiskiing;
(2)雙寫詞尾加ing
如:swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;
(3)以不發音的e結尾的去e加ing
如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;
18規則動詞過去式的構成
(1)直接在動詞后加ed
如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;
(2)以e結尾的直接加d
如:dancedanced; tastetasted;
(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加ed
如:studystudied;carrycarried;
(4)雙寫詞尾加ed
如:stopstopped; jogjogged;
不規則的有:am,is are do,does have,has go meet sit see get tell run come stealstole; read
19形容詞副詞比較級的構成
規則的:
(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er
如;smallsmaller; lowlower;
(2)以e結尾的加r
如:latelarer;
(3)雙寫詞尾加er
如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;
(4) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加er
如:heavyheavier; earlyearlier;
不規則的有:
good, wellbetter(最高級為best); many, much--- more(最高級為most);
far---farther;
20rain與snow的用法
(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數名詞
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:
動詞原形rain, snow;
第三人稱單數rains ,snows;
現在分詞raining; snowing
過去式rained; snowed;
如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。
、贗t often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經常下雨。
、 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家里。
21比較級
注意只有同類事物才可進行比較。
如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.
22have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數);There is/ are;
There was/ were 表示某地存在有
注意There be 句型的就近原則
單數或不可數用there is /was;
復數用there are/ were.
23本身就是復數的詞
眼鏡glasses; 耳機earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復數。
如:My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時候用單數
如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.
24五個元音字母:Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;
25一個的用法
a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.
26時間表示法
有兩種:
。1)直接讀時鐘和分鐘。
如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;
(2)用to與past表示。
在半小時包括半小時以內用幾分past幾點
如:6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;
過了半小時用下一個鐘點差幾分
如7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;
27基數詞變序數詞的方法
基變序有規律,結尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,結尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);
八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigheighth; nineninth; five-- fifth ;twelvetwelfth);
ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十數如twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);
幾十幾十位為基個位為序(如第二十一為twenty-first)。
另外強調序數詞前一定要加the。
28日期的表示法
用the+序數詞+ of +月
如:三月三日 the third of March;
12月25日 the 25th of December.
29both 表示兩者都
如:My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如:The students are all very excited.
30節日的表示法
有day的節日前用on.
沒有day的節日前用at,
如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.
31激動興奮的
excited表示激動的,興奮地主語是人;
exciting表示令人激動的,令人興奮的主語是事情
如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.
賽跑非常令人激動,因此所有的學生都很激動。
32比較
兩者比較用比較級,三者以上比較用最高級
如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does
誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩?男孩。
Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.
你最喜歡哪個季節?我最喜歡秋天。
Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.
你更喜歡哪個季節,夏天還是冬天?我更喜歡冬天。
33動詞還原的用法
前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面動詞要還原。
如:Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesnt like taking photos.
34到了
到達用get to
但注意到家,到這兒,到那兒不可以加to
如:get home; get here; get there,
另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。
35長著和穿著
長著什么用with
如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;
穿著什么用in
如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人
或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女
36讓某人做某事
用let sb后加動詞原形
如:Lets water the flowers together.
是該做的時候了用Its time for+名詞或Its time to +動原。
幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth
如:幫我學英語是 help me with my English
37樹上
外來的東西在樹上用in the tree
如:the bird in the tree;
樹上長的用on the tree
如:the apples on the tree
38運動和樂器
球類之前不加the;
樂器之前必須加the
如:play the piano; play football
39一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一個月是January
40get后加比較級表示變得更怎么樣
如:get stronger; get longer
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