小升初英語語法
小升初英語語法大全:時間介詞辨析(上)
1. 表示年、月、日、時刻等用 at, on, in
a)at 用于表示時刻、時間的某一點:
at nine (o'clock) 在九點
at dawn 拂曉時
at noon 正午時
at present目前
b)on 用于某天,某一天的上、下午:
on Monday 在周一
on June 6 在6月6日
on May 4, 1996 在1996年5月4日
on a cold night 在一個寒冷的夜晚
on the night of July 1st 在七月一日的夜晚
*指具體的某一天時,一律用on
泛指一般的上午(下午)時用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)時用on:
in the morning 在早上
on Sunday morning 在周日早上
在重大節日前也可用on:
on Christmas Eve 在圣誕前夜
on New Year's Day 在元旦
c)in 用于表示周、月、季節、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上:
in this week 在這周
in May 在五月
in spring 在春季
in 2010 在2010年
in September, 1995 在1995年9月
in the morning 在早上
2. 表示期間等用 for, during, through/throughout
a)for 引導一段時間,強調時間由始至終,可譯為“長達……”,一般與有長度的時間短語連用:
We will stay in the city for two days. 我們要在那里呆兩天。
He has lived here for a long time. 他在這兒已經住了很久了。
b)during 意為“在……(期間)內”的行為或狀態。
一般與一段時間的整體連用。如:during the spring, during last year, during 1980 等,也可以和表示延續性事件的名詞連用,如:during my childhood, during the lesson, during his visit等。
*for之后大多跟表示時間、天數等的數字名詞,而during后決不能跟表數字的名詞。
in與during:
during 用來表示一段時間,其意義大致相當于 in 的用法。一般來說,凡是能用 in 的地方,也可以用 during:
Don't go to see his wife in his absence. 當他不在的時候不要去見他妻子。
He came to see me during my absence. 當我不在的時候他來看我了。
during 與 in 的區別在于,during 強調時間的延續性,而 in 只是一般指某一時間。試比較:
They visited many cities during their stay in China. 呆在中國期間他們走訪了很多城市。
Her grandpa was killed in the war. 她的祖父死于戰爭中。
c)through/throughout 表示“一直……”,強調從開始到結束:
They played the cards throughout the night. 他們打了一整夜的牌。
I'll be staying at camp for five days, Monday through Friday. 我將露營五天,從星期一到星期五。
小升初英語語法大全:時間日期的表達
1、時間的表達
A)直接讀寫數詞。
如:9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-five
B)借助past和to來表達。
past一般用于30分鐘以內(含30分鐘)的時間表達;to一般用于超過30分鐘的時間表達。一刻鐘可以用a quarter表示,半小時可以用half表示。
如:9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six
注意:詢問時間可用句型“What’s the time?”或者“What time is it?”。
2、日期的表達:
the+序數詞+of+月份。
如:the third of June 六月三日
注意:詢問日期可用句型“What date is it today?”或者“What’s the date today?”。
練一練:
1、用兩種方法表達下列時間。
6:45 1:58
9:05 3:22
5:50 8:30
2、用英語表達下列日期。
五月一日 九月十日 三月八日
四月五日 七月九日 八月三日
一月十五日 六月二日 十二月二十五日
3、同義句轉換,每空一詞。
1) -What’s the time? -It’s eleven forty-five.
- ___________ is it? -It’s ___________.
2) It’s seven o five. It’s time for breakfast.
It’s___________. It’s time ___________.
3) -What’s the date today? -It’s 1st October.
- ___________ is it today? -It’s ___________.
小升初英語語法大全:介詞
1、介詞是一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構成介詞短語,才能在句子中起作用。
有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…
2、表示時間的介詞有:at, on, in。
(1)at表示“在某一個具體的時間點上”,或用在固定詞組中。如:at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…
(2)on表示“在某日或某日的時間段”。如:on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…
(3)in表示“在某一段時間(月份、季節)里”。如:in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…
3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿著藍色的衣服),in English(用英語表達),take part in(參加)。
練一練:
1、選用括號內恰當的介詞填空。
1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?
2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.
3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.
4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.
5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.
6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.
7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?
8) Helen’s writing paper is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.
9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.
10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?
2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當的介詞,并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。
1) Jim is good in English and Maths.
2) The films were in the ground just now.
3) They are talking to their plans.
4) How many students have their birthdays on May?
5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.
6) I can jog to school on the morning.
7) Did you water trees at the farm?
8) Can you come and help me on my English?
9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.
10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?
小升初英語語法大全:可數名詞(上)
樂加樂英語:小升初英語語法大全:可數名詞(上),供大家參考學習~
可數名詞的語法特征
1. 可數名詞可以受不定冠詞"a,an"的修飾。
This is a book. 這是一本書。
Pass me an egg, please. 請遞給我一個蛋。
2. 可數名詞可以受基數詞的修飾。
There are four pears on the plate. 盤子上有四個梨。
3. 可數名詞有復數形式。
Who are those women under the tree? 樹下那些女人是誰?
How many people are there in your family? 你們家有幾口人?
I don't like pineapples. 我不喜歡菠蘿。
4. 可數名詞的單數形式不能獨立使用,必須有"a,the,my"等的修飾。
She never wears a hat. 她從不戴帽子。(泛指)
Be careful of the dog. 當心那條狗。(特指)
That's her bag. 那是她的提包。
5. 復數名詞可以獨立使用,表示泛指。
Horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動物。(泛指)
復數形式變化及發音規則
復合名詞改成復數形式
一、在詞尾加 -s 或 -es
1. 主體名詞在詞末
bedroom → bedrooms 臥室
toothbrush → toothbrushes 牙刷
greenhouse → greenhouses 溫室
letter-box → letter-boxes 信箱
2. 沒有主體名詞
go-between → go-betweens 中間人
break-in → break-ins 闖入
has-been → has-beens 過時的人、過時的物
forget-me-not → forget-me-nots 勿忘草
hand-me-down → hand-me-downs 舊衣
二、在主體名詞詞尾加 -s 或 -es
son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿
editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 總編輯
commander-in-chief → commanders-in-chief 總司令
passer-by → passers-by 過路人
vice-premier → vice-premiers 副總理
三、兩個構成部分都要變成復數形式
a woman cook → women cooks 女廚師
a man nurse → men nurses 男護士
編輯推薦:小升初英語語法
高考英語二輪語法易混詞、詞組辨析及試題集
1. must和have to
這兩個詞均表示"必須",must常偏重主觀意志,而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現在時和將來時態,而have to則有更多的時態。例如:
We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我們每天必須六點鐘起床。
It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒有時間了,我們必須快點起床。
We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠跟著黨走。
He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他說他第二天得和她一道去。
2. almost 和nearly
這兩個詞意思均為"幾乎"、"差不多"。但從程度的角度上說almost更接近些,感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以說not nearly,而不能說not almost。例如:
It's nearly time. 時間快到了。
It's almost time. 時間馬上就到了。
Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 幾乎沒有人知道昨天發生在街上的那起交通事故。
3. the number of 和 a number of
the number of 意為"……數目",用單數謂語動詞。a number of 意為"許多的"、"一些",用復數謂語動詞。例如:
A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個月許多學生參觀了那個工廠。
The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學生的人數是三千多。
4. go to sleep 和 go to bed
go to sleep 意為"入睡",指睡著了,表示狀態。go to bed 意為"去睡覺",指上床去睡覺,表示動作。例如:
We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點上床睡覺。
I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發現他已經睡著了。
5. receive 與 accept
receive(vt.)意為"接受",沒有主觀色彩,指收到了送來的東西。accept(vt.)意為"接受",指樂意接受,強調主觀愿望。例如:
She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.
她收到了他的禮物,但她拒絕接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封來 自美國的信。
I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。
6. at the end of 和 in the end
at the end of 意為"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意為"最后"、"最終"是finally和at last的同義詞。例如:
After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個月以后,他最終完成了工作。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。
7. well和good
兩詞均譯為"好"。當兩詞都為形容詞時,good常用作定語。如用作表語時,后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時, 多用作表語,指身體好。也可用作定語。例如:
Spring is a good season. 春天是個好季節。
Milk is good for children. 牛奶對兒童有益。
When I saw him, he looked well. 我見到他時,他顯得很健康。
He is not a well man. 他不是一個健康的人。
well還為副詞,而good的副詞也是well。例如:
He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業完成得很好。
8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 動詞"睡覺"。asleep(adj.)形容詞"睡著的"、"沉睡的",只用作表語,表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后,作補語。例如:
The baby sleeps well. 這個嬰兒睡得很熟。
Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。
asleep也常與fall連用。例如:
he has fallen asleep. 他已經睡熟了。
9. have been to 和 has gone to
have been to… "曾到過……"指曾到過某地,說話時人已經回來。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,說話時,人已不在這里了。例如:
I have been to Japan. 我曾到過日本。
You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見不到他了, 他已經去天津了。
10. sometimes、sometime和some time
sometimes(adv.)意為"有時"、"不時"是頻度副詞,用作狀語。sometime(adv.)意為"某時"、"日后",副詞,用作狀語。some time意為"一些時候",副詞短語,用作狀語(也可用作名詞性短語)。例如:
I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時候了。
I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我會來看你的 。
Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時起得早, 有時起得晚。
11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner
三個詞均為"在……角"。in the corner 為"在……角里";on the corner為"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner為"在……角邊"。下圖可表示三個詞的區別:
in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner
例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。
In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.
在辦公室的角落有一張桌子,在桌角上放著一個口袋。
corner作"拐角"解,與之搭配的介詞,美國英語多用on,英國英語通常用at;corner作角(即180o以內的角)解時與之搭配的介詞用in,在……內部的"角",習慣上用in the corner of….
例如:誤:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom
正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.
那個女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
訓練
1、Don't sit the corner of the table.
A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)
2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.
A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)
3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.
A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)
4.The house stands ____ the corner.
A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)
典型錯誤例析
1. 承蒙相助,不勝感激。
誤:That's very kind to you to help me.
正:That's very kind of you to help me.
析:在得到對方幫助、善待時, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為"(某人)對(某人)好"。
2.我想盡可能早點見到他。
誤:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.
正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.
析:would like ='d like, 用來表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟動詞不定式,不跟動名詞。
3.我對他的漢語有些擔憂。
誤:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.
析:"對……擔憂"應用 be worried about 。
4.兩個月太長了。
誤:Two months are quite a long time.
正:Two months is quite a long time.
析:表示重量、時間、長度、價值等的名詞作主語,盡管是復數形式,但仍作為一個整體看待,動詞一般用單數形式。如:
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。
5.全家人打算在那兒呆兩個月。
誤:The whole family are going there for two months.
正:The whole family is going there for two months.
析:在這里family指整個家庭,所以動詞用單數形式。試比較:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(這里指家庭成員,動詞用復數)
6.我看見他們正在踢足球。
誤:I saw them play football.
正:I saw them playing football.
析:在see、hear、watch等動詞后,既可接不帶to 的動詞不定式,又可帶現在分詞作賓語補足語,但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時說明動作發生了,即動作的全部過程結束了。用現在分詞表示動作正在發生,即處于發生的過程 中,還沒有結束。
7.我對科學感興趣。
誤:I'm interesting in science.
正:I'm interested in science.
析:interesting "令人感興趣的",可用作標語,其主語是物,也可以用作定語,修飾人或物。interested"感興趣的",常用于be(become) interested的結構,主語是人。
8.她沒乘車去,而是步行的。
誤:She went there on foot instead by bus.
正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.
正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.
析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情沒有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那個句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意義,后可接一個并列成分。
9.那個男孩有那么多奇怪的問題。
誤:The boy had such many strange questions.
正:The boy had so many strange questions.
析:表示"這樣(那樣)多",可用so many(用于復數可數名詞)或so much (用不可數名詞)。它們是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。
10.請讓他把音量調小點兒。
誤:Ask him to turn off it, please.
正:Ask him to turn it down, please.
析:表示通過使用開關或調節器,將電器或類似用品(收音機、電視機等)的聲音、亮度等調低、關小,用turn down, 其中down是副詞,若是代詞作賓語時,則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。
11.下周我將乘飛機去上海。
誤:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.
正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.
正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.
析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用,以免重復。
12.我每周看一次電影。
誤:I go to the cinema once every week.
正:I go to the cinema once a week.
析:表示在一段時間內出現一定的次數,用"次數+一段時間"這一結構。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)兩次。
13.包里裝滿了書。
誤:The bag is full with books.
正:The bag is full of books.
正:The bag is filled with books.
析:be full of =be filled with, 意為"某容器裝滿了某物",其主語多為容器。
14.我們每個人都有一本詞典。
誤:Each we have a dictionary.
正:We have a dictionary each.
正:Each of us has a dictionary.
析:each可用作同位語,放在主語、助動詞、連系動詞之后或句末,謂語動詞用復數形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用,謂語用單數形式。
15.手術持續了五個小時。
誤:The operation kept five hours.
正:The operation lasted for five hours.
析:動詞last可用來表示某事物持續存在下去,也可用于下列情況:某物的數量達到在需要的一段時間內夠用,即可說那樣東西持續(多長時間)。而keep為"保存、保持"之意,與題意不符。
16.你知道他們的飛機什么時候離開北京嗎? 誤:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?
正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?
析:賓語從句不論其原來結構如何,都使用陳述句語序,即:不顛倒主謂語,也不另加助動詞。
17.昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。
誤:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.
正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
析:在比較句型中,比較的內容應前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天氣"與"蘭州的天氣"比較,而不是與"蘭州"這個地名相比較。
18.他告訴我們太陽是圓的。
誤:He told us that the sun was round.
正:He told us that the sun is round.
析:在含賓語從句的復合句中,主句是一般過去時,從句可根據需要選用過去的某種時態,但從句若陳述的真理性、普遍性的事情等時,則常用一般現在時。
19.沒有消息就是好消息。
誤:No news are good news.
正:No news is good news.
析:news盡管看上去是復數形式,但常用作不可數名詞,后面的謂語動詞要用 單數形式。
20.那臺電視機現在立在我們起居室的角落里。
誤:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.
正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.
析:"在室內角落處"應說in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墻)的拐角處"。
21. 他正在忙著做家務。
誤:He is busy to do his housework.
正:He is busy doing his housework.
正:He is busy with his housework.
析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改為to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名詞,不能接動詞的"-ing"形式。
22.我不得不告訴你這件事,對嗎?
誤:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?
正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I
析:have to 意為"不得不",其疑問句式的構成不能用have,而要根據不同的人稱和世態,選用助動詞do 、does 或did。
特別提醒:
含有動詞意義的介詞
在英語中,有一些介詞表示的卻是動詞的含義,主要有:
1.at : 在與表達感情的形容詞連用時,可代替"聽""看"等動詞,如:
She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她聽到這個壞消息時,大吃一驚。
2.to : 在與go, come , invite等動詞連用時, 可代替 "參加""出席" 等動詞, 如:
Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去開會去了。
3.for;在與go, come , return等動詞連用時,可代替后面表明 "目的" 動詞, 如:
What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他來干么?他來取錢包。
4.for : 在與start, leave, set等表示離開,啟程等動詞連用時,相當于漢語的' "走""到""往" 等意思,如:
They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五時,他們出發去上海。
5.有些介詞短語作連系動詞的表語,有動詞含義,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?
6.有些介詞短語可代替動詞不定式短語,作定語,自然會有動詞意義,如: It's time for breakfast.現在是早餐的時間了/ 該吃早飯了。
7.with,在類似下列的句子中,意為use,如:
He often writes with my pen他時常以我的鋼筆寫. 他常有我的鋼筆寫字。
8.by與表示交通工具的單詞連用,相當于漢語的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:
Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火車去工作? 你們打算乘飛機還是坐火車去旅行?
但是不能說這些介詞就等于這些動詞,更不能用它們充當謂語動詞。
高考英語二輪語法易混詞、詞組辨析及試題集
1. must和have to
這兩個詞均表示"必須",must常偏重主觀意志,而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現在時和將來時態,而have to則有更多的時態。例如:
We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我們每天必須六點鐘起床。
It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒有時間了,我們必須快點起床。
We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠跟著黨走。
He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他說他第二天得和她一道去。
2. almost 和nearly
這 兩個詞意思均為"幾乎"、"差不多"。但從程度的角度上說almost更接近些,感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時,要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以說not nearly,而不能說not almost。例如:
It's nearly time. 時間快到了。
It's almost time. 時間馬上就到了。
Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 幾乎沒有人知道昨天發生在街上的那起交通事故。
3. the number of 和 a number of
the number of 意為"……數目",用單數謂語動詞。a number of 意為"許多的"、"一些",用復數謂語動詞。例如:
A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個月許多學生參觀了那個工廠。
The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學生的人數是三千多。
4. go to sleep 和 go to bed
go to sleep 意為"入睡",指睡著了,表示狀態。go to bed 意為"去睡覺",指上床去睡覺,表示動作。例如:
We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點上床睡覺。
I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發現他已經睡著了。
5. receive 與 accept
receive(vt.)意為"接受",沒有主觀色彩,指收到了送來的東西。accept(vt.)意為"接受",指樂意接受,強調主觀愿望。例如:
She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.
她收到了他的禮物,但她拒絕接受。
I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封來 自美國的信。
I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。
6. at the end of 和 in the end
at the end of 意為"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意為"最后"、"最終"是finally和at last的同義詞。例如:
After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個月以后,他最終完成了工作。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。
7. well和good
兩詞均譯為"好"。當兩詞都為形容詞時,good常用作定語。如用作表語時,后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時, 多用作表語,指身體好。也可用作定語。例如:
Spring is a good season. 春天是個好季節。
Milk is good for children. 牛奶對兒童有益。
When I saw him, he looked well. 我見到他時,他顯得很健康。
He is not a well man. 他不是一個健康的人。
well還為副詞,而good的副詞也是well。例如:
He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業完成得很好。
8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 動詞"睡覺"。asleep(adj.)形容詞"睡著的"、"沉睡的",只用作表語,表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后,作補語。例如:
The baby sleeps well. 這個嬰兒睡得很熟。
Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。
asleep也常與fall連用。例如:
he has fallen asleep. 他已經睡熟了。
9. have been to 和 has gone to
have been to… "曾到過……"指曾到過某地,說話時人已經回來。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,說話時,人已不在這里了。例如:
I have been to Japan. 我曾到過日本。
You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見不到他了, 他已經去天津了。
10. sometimes、sometime和some time
sometimes(adv.)意為"有時"、"不時"是頻度副詞,用作狀語。sometime(adv.)意為"某時"、"日后",副詞,用作狀語。some time意為"一些時候",副詞短語,用作狀語(也可用作名詞性短語)。例如:
I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時候了。
I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我會來看你的 。
Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時起得早, 有時起得晚。
11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner
三個詞均為"在……角"。in the corner 為"在……角里";on the corner為"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner為"在……角邊"。下圖可表示三個詞的區別:
in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner
例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。
In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.
在辦公室的角落有一張桌子,在桌角上放著一個口袋。
corner作"拐角"解,與之搭配的介詞,美國英語多用on,英國英語通常用at;corner作角(即180o以內的角)解時與之搭配的介詞用in,在……內部的"角",習慣上用in the corner of….
例如:誤:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom
正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.
那個女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
訓練
1、Don't sit the corner of the table.
A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)
2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.
A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)
3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.
A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)
4.The house stands ____ the corner.
A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)
典型錯誤例析
1. 承蒙相助,不勝感激。
誤:That's very kind to you to help me.
正:That's very kind of you to help me.
析:在得到對方幫助、善待時, 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為"(某人)對(某人)好"。
2.我想盡可能早點見到他。
誤:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.
正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.
析:would like ='d like, 用來表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟動詞不定式,不跟動名詞。
3.我對他的漢語有些擔憂。
誤:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.
析:"對……擔憂"應用 be worried about 。
4.兩個月太長了。
誤:Two months are quite a long time.
正:Two months is quite a long time.
析:表示重量、時間、長度、價值等的名詞作主語,盡管是復數形式,但仍作為一個整體看待,動詞一般用單數形式。如:
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。
5.全家人打算在那兒呆兩個月。
誤:The whole family are going there for two months.
正:The whole family is going there for two months.
析:在這里family指整個家庭,所以動詞用單數形式。試比較:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(這里指家庭成員,動詞用復數)
6.我看見他們正在踢足球。
誤:I saw them play football.
正:I saw them playing football.
析:在see、hear、watch等動詞后,既可接不帶to 的動詞不定式,又可帶現在分詞作賓語補足語,但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時說明動作發生了,即動作的全部過程結束了。用現在分詞表示動作正在發生,即處于發生的過程 中,還沒有結束。
7.我對科學感興趣。
誤:I'm interesting in science.
正:I'm interested in science.
析:interesting "令人感興趣的",可用作標語,其主語是物,也可以用作定語,修飾人或物。interested"感興趣的",常用于be(become) interested的結構,主語是人。
8.她沒乘車去,而是步行的。
誤:She went there on foot instead by bus.
正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.
正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.
析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情沒有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那個句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意義,后可接一個并列成分。
9.那個男孩有那么多奇怪的問題。
誤:The boy had such many strange questions.
正:The boy had so many strange questions.
析:表示"這樣(那樣)多",可用so many(用于復數可數名詞)或so much (用不可數名詞)。它們是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。
10.請讓他把音量調小點兒。
誤:Ask him to turn off it, please.
正:Ask him to turn it down, please.
析:表示通過使用開關或調節器,將電器或類似用品(收音機、電視機等)的聲音、亮度等調低、關小,用turn down, 其中down是副詞,若是代詞作賓語時,則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。
11.下周我將乘飛機去上海。
誤:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.
正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.
正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.
析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用,以免重復。
12.我每周看一次電影。
誤:I go to the cinema once every week.
正:I go to the cinema once a week.
析:表示在一段時間內出現一定的次數,用"次數+一段時間"這一結構。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)兩次。
13.包里裝滿了書。
誤:The bag is full with books.
正:The bag is full of books.
正:The bag is filled with books.
析:be full of =be filled with, 意為"某容器裝滿了某物",其主語多為容器。
14.我們每個人都有一本詞典。
誤:Each we have a dictionary.
正:We have a dictionary each.
正:Each of us has a dictionary.
析:each可用作同位語,放在主語、助動詞、連系動詞之后或句末,謂語動詞用復數形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用,謂語用單數形式。
15.手術持續了五個小時。
誤:The operation kept five hours.
正:The operation lasted for five hours.
析:動詞last可用來表示某事物持續存在下去,也可用于下列情況:某物的數量達到在需要的一段時間內夠用,即可說那樣東西持續(多長時間)。而keep為"保存、保持"之意,與題意不符。
16.你知道他們的飛機什么時候離開北京嗎? 誤:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?
正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?
析:賓語從句不論其原來結構如何,都使用陳述句語序,即:不顛倒主謂語,也不另加助動詞。
17.昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。
誤:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.
正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.
析:在比較句型中,比較的內容應前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天氣"與"蘭州的天氣"比較,而不是與"蘭州"這個地名相比較。
18.他告訴我們太陽是圓的。
誤:He told us that the sun was round.
正:He told us that the sun is round.
析:在含賓語從句的復合句中,主句是一般過去時,從句可根據需要選用過去的某種時態,但從句若陳述的真理性、普遍性的事情等時,則常用一般現在時。
19.沒有消息就是好消息。
誤:No news are good news.
正:No news is good news.
析:news盡管看上去是復數形式,但常用作不可數名詞,后面的謂語動詞要用 單數形式。
20.那臺電視機現在立在我們起居室的角落里。
誤:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.
正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.
析:"在室內角落處"應說in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墻)的拐角處"。
21. 他正在忙著做家務。
誤:He is busy to do his housework.
正:He is busy doing his housework.
正:He is busy with his housework.
析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改為to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名詞,不能接動詞的"-ing"形式。
22.我不得不告訴你這件事,對嗎?
誤:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?
正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I
析:have to 意為"不得不",其疑問句式的構成不能用have,而要根據不同的人稱和世態,選用助動詞do 、does 或did。
特別提醒:
含有動詞意義的介詞
在英語中,有一些介詞表示的卻是動詞的含義,主要有:
1.at : 在與表達感情的形容詞連用時,可代替"聽""看"等動詞,如:
She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她聽到這個壞消息時,大吃一驚。
2.to : 在與go, come , invite等動詞連用時, 可代替 "參加""出席" 等動詞, 如:
Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去開會去了。
3.for;在與go, come , return等動詞連用時,可代替后面表明 "目的" 動詞, 如:
What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他來干么?他來取錢包。
4.for : 在與start, leave, set等表示離開,啟程等動詞連用時,相當于漢語的 "走""到""往" 等意思,如:
They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五時,他們出發去上海。
5.有些介詞短語作連系動詞的表語,有動詞含義,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?
6.有些介詞短語可代替動詞不定式短語,作定語,自然會有動詞意義,如: It's time for breakfast.現在是早餐的時間了/ 該吃早飯了。
7.with,在類似下列的句子中,意為use,如:
He often writes with my pen他時常以我的鋼筆寫. 他常有我的鋼筆寫字。
8.by與表示交通工具的單詞連用,相當于漢語的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:
Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火車去工作? 你們打算乘飛機還是坐火車去旅行?
但是不能說這些介詞就等于這些動詞,更不能用它們充當謂語動詞。
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