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      1. 微創(chuàng)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療脛骨下段粉碎性骨折的早期臨床分析

        時(shí)間:2024-06-14 16:08:23 臨床醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 我要投稿
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        微創(chuàng)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)治療脛骨下段粉碎性骨折的早期臨床分析

        畢業(yè)論文

           【摘要】  目的  總結(jié)微創(chuàng)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)(LISS)治療脛骨下段骨折的外科經(jīng)驗(yàn)和臨床效果。方法  從2004年5月~2005年4月,用LISS治療了7例脛骨下段骨折。5例為閉合性骨折,2例為開(kāi)放性骨折。觀察脛骨下段骨折的固定的穩(wěn)定性、骨折愈合率和感染率。結(jié)果  所有病人平均持續(xù)隨訪1年,包括X線照片和膝關(guān)節(jié)功能的社會(huì)評(píng)分、醫(yī)院專門外科評(píng)分。2例已在外院處理,骨折的變形被重新修復(fù)。全部病人被隨訪至骨折愈合。沒(méi)有固定的丟失和骨折的不愈合,沒(méi)有鋼板和螺釘?shù)淖冃危熊浗M織的感染。結(jié)論  LISS內(nèi)固定系統(tǒng)在不需要額外保持骨折中間穩(wěn)定的情況下,便能成功地治療脛骨粉碎下段骨折,取得較好的功能結(jié)果和較低的并發(fā)癥。LISS對(duì)于脛骨粉碎性下段骨折提供了穩(wěn)定的固定、較高的愈合率、較低的感染率。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)成功運(yùn)用新的外科原理,達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確減少骨折對(duì)位不良的效果。

            【關(guān)鍵詞】  LISS;脛骨下段骨折;關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折和關(guān)節(jié)外骨折;預(yù)后

             【Abstract】  Objective  To summarize the surgical experience and clinical results of the first 7 fractures of the distal of tibia treated with the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS).Methods  From May 2004 to April 2005,7 patients with  distal of tibia were treated with LISS fixation.There were 5 closed fractures and 2 open fractures.Obverse stable fixation,rate of union and infection for distal of tibial fractures.Results  All patients were consecutive followed up an average of one year. included radiographs and clinical examinations using Knee Society scores and Hospital for Special Surgery scores for fractures of the distal with extraarticular and intraarticular fractures.Two patients treated by other hospital surgeons.Surgical reduction and fixation of fractures,followed by rehabilitation.Seven patients with fractures were followed until union.No loss of fixation  and union. No reduction of plates and screws occurred in patients,no superficial wound infection and seromas.Conclusion  The LISS internal fixator system can be used successfully to treat complex distal of tibia fractures without the need for additional medial stabilization.and good functional outcomes with a low complication rate.The LISS provides stable fixation,a high rate of union,and a low rate of infection for distal tibial fractures.The technique requires the successful use of new and unfamiliar surgical principles to effect an accurate reduction and acceptable rate of malalignment.

            【Key words】  LISS;distal of tibia fracture;extraarticular and intraarticular fractures;prognosis

            我科從2004年來(lái)對(duì)脛骨下段粉碎性骨折7例采用LISS(微創(chuàng)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng))治療,取得較好臨床效果,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

            1  臨床資料

            1.1  1般資料  本組7例均為男性,年齡18~45,平均35歲。受傷原因:交通事故5例,鏟車鏟傷1例,重物砸傷1例。損傷部位:脛骨中段和下段兩處均骨折4例,下段單處均骨折2例,下段和關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)均骨折1例。其中閉合骨折4例,開(kāi)放骨折3例且伴軟組織較重?fù)p傷,呈粉碎性骨折。受傷至住院時(shí)間4h~3天,平均時(shí)間1天。

            1.2  手術(shù)方法  仰臥位,連硬麻醉,脛骨外側(cè)髁、腓骨頭前外側(cè)作縱形切口,切開(kāi)皮膚、皮下組織,顯露脛骨外側(cè)髁。C型臂下骨折處閉合復(fù)位,如合并關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折,則延長(zhǎng)切口作關(guān)節(jié)切開(kāi),脛骨平臺(tái)骨折骨軟骨缺損用自體髂骨移植修復(fù)重建[1]。如為開(kāi)放性骨折則先清創(chuàng),直視下復(fù)位。LISS為18孔,安放在瞄準(zhǔn)器上,從切口沿脛骨向骨折遠(yuǎn)端插入,緊貼骨外膜,不做骨膜剝離。先用自鎖釘固定脛骨外側(cè)髁后,再按瞄準(zhǔn)器上釘孔分別在脛骨外側(cè)皮膚作長(zhǎng)0.5cm切口,擰入自鎖釘,C型臂透視骨折位置良好。合并脛骨平臺(tái)骨折則復(fù)位植骨、脛骨外側(cè)髁處用松質(zhì)骨釘固定。

            2  結(jié)果

            手術(shù)時(shí)間平均1h左右,出血量少。開(kāi)放性骨折經(jīng)很好的清創(chuàng)后,由于骨折處沒(méi)有大量剝離軟組織及骨膜,3例均未發(fā)生皮膚壞死及傷口感染。術(shù)中未有損傷脛神經(jīng)和腓總神經(jīng)情況。術(shù)后X線片檢查及對(duì)脛骨下段粉碎性骨折合并關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)或不合并關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折的醫(yī)院專門評(píng)分測(cè)試,病人沒(méi)有發(fā)生骨折處的變形[2]。LISS對(duì)于脛骨粉碎性骨折提供了穩(wěn)定的固定(97%)、較高的愈合率(97%)、較低的感染率(4%)[3]。隨訪1年無(wú)感染、骨折不愈、鋼板斷裂等情況。

            3  討論

            對(duì)于不穩(wěn)定的脛骨下段粉碎骨折,由于固定強(qiáng)度不夠?qū)е玛P(guān)節(jié)的不適應(yīng)和腿軸線的偏離的并發(fā)癥為廣大骨科醫(yī)師熟悉。加壓鋼板固定術(shù)雖增加了穩(wěn)定性,但它不符合生物學(xué)特點(diǎn)。并且不利于傷處的康復(fù)。外科領(lǐng)域技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,對(duì)于脛骨粉碎骨折合并關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折或不合并關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折,LISS提供了角度的穩(wěn)定和最低限度的侵入創(chuàng)傷[4]。LISS可以有效縮短康復(fù)時(shí)間,增加了愈合率,降低了并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率[5]。LISS使用外側(cè)成角植入固定裝置,允許在脛骨骨折近端和遠(yuǎn)端放置自鎖釘[6]。LISS固定使切口變小,避免了在已嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷的骨折處作廣泛軟組織及骨膜剝離,加重?fù)p傷骨折端的血供,尤其是脛骨中下段本身血供較差部位,導(dǎo)致骨折不愈合和傷口感染。

            筆者認(rèn)為手術(shù)成功關(guān)鍵有以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)C型臂下滿意的手法復(fù)位是保證骨折端對(duì)位對(duì)線良好的基礎(chǔ),是避免發(fā)生膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷性關(guān)節(jié)的前提?捎行p少骨折畸形愈合、不愈合等并發(fā)癥。(2)Cole PA認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)技術(shù)使用新的外科原理,以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確減少骨折對(duì)位不良[7]。要求有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)師操作,以恢復(fù)至肢體的良好功能狀態(tài)。(3)如為開(kāi)放性骨折,盡量不剝離骨折處骨膜,LISS也能很好的固定,缺損處植入自己髂骨,是促進(jìn)骨折愈合因素之1。(4)如果是單純脛骨下段骨折,LISS可用加長(zhǎng)型18孔,能達(dá)到有效的固定,預(yù)防骨折段再移位。

            本方法手術(shù)操作簡(jiǎn)便,手術(shù)時(shí)間短,創(chuàng)傷。8],提供了較穩(wěn)定的固定,且不剝離骨折處軟組織及骨膜,有利于骨折愈合,提供了較高的愈合率和較低的感染率[9]。術(shù)后恢復(fù)快。

            【參考文獻(xiàn)】

            1  石仕元,曹國(guó)平,俞強(qiáng),等.脛骨平臺(tái)骨折中大面積骨軟骨缺損的修復(fù).中醫(yī)正骨,2005,17(1):-23-24.

            2  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) for fractures of the proximal tibia:indications,surgical technique and preliminary results of the UMC Clinical Trial.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2006,26:320

            3  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Treatment of proximal tibia fractures using the less invasive stabilization system:surgical experience and early clinical results in 77 fractures.J Orthop Trauma,2004,18(8):528-535.

            4  Messmer P,Regazzoni P,Gross T.New stabilization techniques for fixation of proximal tibial fractures (LISS/LCP).Ther Umsch,2003,60(12):762-767.

            5  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Less invasive stabilization system (LISS) for fractures of the proximal tibia:indications,surgical technique and preliminary results of the UMC clinical trial.Injury,2003,34(Suppl 1):A16-29.

            6  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Less invasive stabilization system (LISS) for fractures of the proximal tibia:indications,surgical technique and preliminary results of the UMC clinical trial.Injury,2003,34(Suppl 1):A16-29.

            7  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Treatment of proximal tibia fractures using the less invasive stabilization system:surgical experience and early clinical results in 77 fractures.J Orthop Trauma,2004,18(8):528-535.

            8  周琦石,黃楓,何才勇,等.LISS固定系統(tǒng)治療脛骨近端干骺端粉碎骨折初步臨床報(bào)告.中華創(chuàng)傷骨科雜志,2005,7(6):592-593.

            9  Cole PA,Zlowodzki M,Kregor PJ.Treatment of proximal tibia fractures using the less invasive stabilization system:surgical experience and early clinical results in 77 fractures.J Orthop Trauma,2004,18(8):528-535.

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