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淺談如何提高學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)能力
一、注重基礎(chǔ)，循序漸進(jìn)
要打好語言能力的基礎(chǔ)。詞匯是寫作的基本建筑材料之一，有效的使用詞匯，對(duì)于表達(dá)文章的思想內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)具有重要的作用。詞匯量不足或掌握得不好，都會(huì)給寫作帶來困難。不僅要教足詞匯量，還要講清楚每個(gè)詞的使用條件、用法及搭配關(guān)系，進(jìn)行典型的同義詞、近義詞比較，點(diǎn)出構(gòu)詞法，然后通過例句說明，讓學(xué)生模仿著造句。學(xué)生只有在掌握大量的詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上，寫作時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手地選擇適合文章主體和風(fēng)格的詞、意義確切的詞、表達(dá)清晰生動(dòng)的詞、形象具體而又符合慣用法的詞。除此之外，語法規(guī)則與句型也是英語寫作必備的重要建筑材料，更要加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。一篇成功的中考作文是由清晰的、合乎語法規(guī)則的句子組成的。所以，加強(qiáng)詞匯教學(xué)，對(duì)句型與語法的訓(xùn)練是提高英語寫作水平的重要保證！
有了一定的基礎(chǔ)之后，就可以寫作了，學(xué)生的英語寫作能力并非是一蹴而就的。教師在訓(xùn)練學(xué)生寫作時(shí)必須由淺入深、由簡(jiǎn)到繁，循序漸進(jìn)。在學(xué)生動(dòng)筆時(shí)，要嚴(yán)格要求他們正確、端正、熟練地書寫字母、單詞和句子，注意大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。在學(xué)生行文時(shí)，要求寫出簡(jiǎn)單的短句，這樣輕易不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。例如寫“我的家庭”：There are three members in my family: my father, my mother and I. My father is an engineer. My mother is a teacher. I am a student. My parents are busy all day. I often help them with the housework. They love me deeply. I love them, too. 繼而要求學(xué)生寫出含有一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等句子的文章，這種練習(xí)可以安排在第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中。之后，再逐步提高難度。如：學(xué)了 My classroom 一課后，可以指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫出Instructions your classroom 這篇作文；學(xué)習(xí)Let，s Celebrate！可以指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫的新年等。
二、范例引路，限時(shí)訓(xùn)練
在學(xué)生進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練時(shí)，教師應(yīng)提供各種文體的范文，講明各種文體的要求，如日記、書信、便條、通知、調(diào)查報(bào)告等格式。 如日記：周末，你和媽媽逛商店，看到一位外國人想買一雙鞋，他不懂漢語，售貨員也不懂英語，你上前幫忙，為他們翻譯，幫他買到了合適的鞋。這位外國人很高興并向你致謝，媽媽表揚(yáng)了你。
Jun3, 2010 Sunday Fine
This afternoon I went shopping with mum. While we were walking around in the shopping,I saw a foreigner in the shoe department. He was talking to a salesgirl in English. It seemed that the girl coudn，t understand him. I came up to him and asked if I could help him. He told me he wanted to buy a pair of black leather shoes for himself. He wore Size 41. Then I told the girl what he need. When the man got the right shoes, he was very happy and thanked me a lot. On the way back home, mum praised me and encouraged me to learn English better.
再如：書信，便條。書信和便條在書寫的格式上是相同的，我們以書信為范例，請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫一篇短文。
1.你叫捷克，在第一中學(xué)讀初三，父母對(duì)你管得很緊，幾乎沒有時(shí)間玩；
2．瘋狂于流行，經(jīng)�；ㄔS多時(shí)間聽音樂；
3．由于成績(jī)下降，父母和老師很生你的氣，同學(xué)也經(jīng)常嘲笑你，你不得不放棄這個(gè)愛好；
4．現(xiàn)在你很苦惱，不知該怎么辦，希望得到青少年專家李女士的建議。
Dear Mrs Li,
My name is Jack. I’m in Grade 9. I study in No.1 Middle School. My parents are very strict with me. They hardly allow me to play during my free time. They ask me to spend all the time studying. I hate this very much.
I am very crazy about pop music. I often spend much time ing to pop music after school or on Sundays. I have less and less time to study. Now my study is getting worse and worse. My parents and teachers are very angry with me. My classmates usually laugh at me. I feel very stressed and don’t know what to do. Please give me some useful suggestions. Hope to hear from you soon.
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