考研英語翻譯的技巧
(1)平級比較
常見短語:as…as, not so much as.
真題例句1(1999年,71題):There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians.
句子結構:as…as的結構可以譯為"A和B一樣…"。本句按字面意思翻譯為"對歷史的定義和歷史學家的數量一樣多",但是考研翻譯時需要對漢語加以調整。
參考譯文:幾乎每個歷史學家對歷史都有自己的定義。
真題例句2(2005年,46題):Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
句子結構:never表否定含義,本句話包含了not so much as的比較結構。這個結構有兩種形式,一種是A not so much… as B,這是兩個對象的比較,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一種結構是not so much A as B,這是同一個對象的兩個方面的`比較,表示否定A肯定B,意思是"不是A是B;與其說A不如說B"。本句是第一種結構,比較的是before和the recent events。
參考譯文:在此之前,就加強不同的民族和國家之間的聯系而言,電視還從來沒有像在最近的歐洲事件中起過如此大的作用。
真題例句3(1994年,74題):Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
句子結構:本句中的比較結構是not so much A as B,譯為"與其說A不如說B"比較的是though和because of兩個介詞短語。
參考譯文:科學向前發(fā)展,與其說是由于天才偉人的真知灼見,不如說是因為如改進了的技術和工具等更為普通的東西。
(2)than的比較結構
常見短語:形容詞比較級+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than, not any more than,not any less than等。
more than,less than結構
more A than B的比較結構,是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一個含義,否定A肯定B,譯為"不是A是B;與其說A不如B"。
not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than結構
這四個比較結構中not和no的否定含義不同,not否定的是具體、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。
no more...than... (=not any more...than...)結構中no否定的是全部,指兩個比較對象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比較結構指兩個比較對象"都…"。
真題例句1(1999年,Text 5):Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.
句子結構:本句包含比較結構(far) less than,far是副詞修飾比較級。比較的對象是on the experiments和on the preparedness of the minds of the men。該比較結構表示否定前者,肯定后者,譯為"與其說…不如說…"。
參考譯文:科學與其說取決于試驗本身,不如說取決于有準備的頭腦。
真題例句2(2006年,49題):But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
句子結構:本句包含比較結構not any more than,相當于no more than,表示兩者都否定,譯為"都不"。比較的對象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。
參考譯文:他的主要任務不是去思考道德準則,正如人們不應該期待商人去致力于探索商業(yè)行為規(guī)范一樣。
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