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新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第一冊Unit5詞匯解析
導(dǎo)語：新視野大學(xué)英語內(nèi)容以主題為線索,涉及文化交流、道德情感、信息技術(shù)、科學(xué)教育、社會焦點等各個方面,選材注重信息性、趣味性、時代感和文化內(nèi)涵,有助于開拓視野,培養(yǎng)人文素質(zhì)和文化意識。下面YJBYS小編分享新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第一冊Unit5詞匯解析，歡迎參考!
New Words
<1>AIDS n. [U] Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征(艾滋病)
<2>acquirevt.get or gain sth. 獲得
He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study. 他通過認真學(xué)習(xí)掌握了這門語言。
The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai. 這家公司最近在上海市中心買了一棟新的辦公樓。
<3>immune a.1. safe from a disease or illness 免疫的
Once you've had the disease, you will be immune to it for life. 一旦你得了這種病，你就會對這種病終身免疫。
The medicine will make you immune to the disease. 這種藥可以使你免于感染這種疾病。
2. not affected by sth. 不受影響的
You would be immune from punishment if you helped the police find the murderer. 如果你幫警察找到殺人犯，就可免受處罰。
These goods are not immune from customs duties. 這些商品不免稅。
<4>deficiencyn.[C, U] the state of having none or not enough of 不足;缺乏
The weakness is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C. 這種衰弱是由于缺乏維生素C而引起的。
The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water. 這位軍官很擔(dān)心水供應(yīng)不足。
★<5>syndromen.[C] an illness which consists of a set of physical or mental problems 綜合征
The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immunity is weakened. 免疫系統(tǒng)受到破壞的人身上可能出現(xiàn)這類綜合征。
David was suffering from a Gulf War Syndrome. 戴維遭受海灣戰(zhàn)爭綜和征的折磨。
<6>diagnosevt.find out what illness sb. has by examining them 診斷
His illness was diagnosed as food poisoning at the beginning.開始他的病被診斷為食物中毒。
After diagnosing the patient's disease, the doctors discussed how to treat it. 對這個病人的病情診斷之后，醫(yī)生們討論如何治療的問題。
<7>infectvt. 1. cause sb. to have a disease 感染
Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him. 得重感冒的人會使周圍的人受到感染。
He was shocked when he knew he was infected with the HIV virus. 當(dāng)他知道自己染上艾滋病病毒時感到很震驚。
2. affect; influence 影響;感染
He thought that parents might infect their children with their ideas. 他認為家長的觀念會影響孩子。
His urge for revenge would never infect her. 他想報復(fù)的沖動絕不會對她有影響。
<8>HIV n.[U] human immunodeficiency virus 艾滋病病毒，人體免疫缺陷病毒
<9>virus n.1. [C] a living thing which can cause a disease 病毒
The medicine is very effective in controlling the spread of the virus. 這種藥能有效地控制這種病毒的傳播。
He could be carrying the AIDS virus. 他可能是艾滋病病毒攜帶者。
2. [C] a program that enters a computer and destroys information 計算機病毒
The anti-virus program is very useful. 這種殺毒程序很有用。
The virus destroyed all the files. 這個病毒破壞了所有的文件。
<10>rurala.of or like the countryside 農(nóng)村的;鄉(xiāng)村的
The program is good for rural development. 這項計劃有利于農(nóng)村發(fā)展。
My grandfather prefers to live a rural life. 我祖父想過一種鄉(xiāng)村式的生活。
<11>constitutevt.make up; form 組成，構(gòu)成
Girls constitute 20 percent of the student population in the university. 女生占這所大學(xué)學(xué)生總數(shù)的百分之二十。
Seven days constitute a week. 一周有7天。
<12>segment n.[C] a part of sth. 部分
This is the fastest growing segment of the market. 這部分市場增長速度最快。
Farmers constitute the richest segment of society in the country. 農(nóng)民是這個國家最富有的社會群體。
<13>alarm vt.cause sudden fear or worry 使驚恐, 使擔(dān)心
The news that war might break out alarmed the people. 戰(zhàn)爭可能爆發(fā)的消息使人們驚恐不安。
The young couple were alarmed to find the baby in high fever. 那對年輕夫婦發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子發(fā)高燒，大驚失色。
n.1. [U] sudden fear and worry驚慌
Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm.聽到尖叫聲，她慌忙坐了起來。
In his speech the worker emphasized the management's alarm over the strike. 這個工人在演講中強調(diào)了資方對這次罷工事件所表現(xiàn)出的慌恐。
2. [C] a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 報警器;鬧鐘
He set his alarm for 7:30 before going to bed. 在睡前他把鬧鐘設(shè)在了7點半。
Does this bank have an alarm system? 這家銀行有報警系統(tǒng)嗎?
<14> alarming a. frightening or worrying 令人驚恐的;令人擔(dān)心的
The forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. 森林正以驚人的速度消失。
There was an alarming increase in crime in that area. 那個地區(qū)犯罪率的增長令人擔(dān)憂。
<15>federal a. 聯(lián)邦的，聯(lián)邦制的
federal government/republic 聯(lián)邦政府/共和國
<16>implementvt. carry out or put certain decisions into practice 實施，執(zhí)行
The new plan will be implemented immediately. 新的計劃將很快得到實施。
The government promised to implement a new program to control pollution. 政府承諾要執(zhí)行新的計劃來控制污染。
<17>organizationn.(BrE organisation)
1. [C] a group of people with a special purpose 組織，機構(gòu)
World Trade Organization 世界貿(mào)易組織
World Health Organization 世界衛(wèi)生組織
You may apply to join the organization. 你可以申請加入這個組織。
2. [U] the adjusting or planning of parts so as to form an effective whole 組織，安排
Several programs have been delayed by poor organization 幾個項目由于組織不力而被耽擱。
I think the organization of the book is not good. 我認為這本書的結(jié)構(gòu)安排不好。
<18>emergevi.appear or come out from somewhere 浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)
Insects emerge in the spring and start multiplying rapidly. 春天里各種昆蟲開始現(xiàn)身，并迅速繁衍。
He emerged from behind the large rocks and confronted his enemy. 他從大石頭后沖到敵人面前。
<19>network n.1. [C] a group of people that are connected or work together 人際關(guān)系網(wǎng)，聯(lián)絡(luò)網(wǎng)
He had a large network of believers who were fighting for his cause. 他有很多信徒為他的目標(biāo)而奮斗。
We have a network of shops all over the country. 我們有遍及全國的商店網(wǎng)。
2. [C] a system of lines, wires, roads, etc. that are connected to each other 網(wǎng)絡(luò)
A network of veins and arteries carries the blood around the body. 血管和動脈組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)將血液運送到身體各處。
A 24-hour strike brought the railway network to a standstill. 24小時的罷工使鐵路系統(tǒng)處于停滯狀態(tài)。
<20>combatvt. take action to stop sth. bad or harmful 與...斗爭
Measures to combat pollution in the city have been introduced. 市里已采取了各種措施來防治污染。
The government sees price controls as a way to combat inflation. 政府將價格控制視為解決通貨膨脹問題的一種手段。
n. [U] fighting, esp. during a war 戰(zhàn)斗
About one million people lost their lives in combat. 有大約一百萬人在戰(zhàn)爭中喪生。
Both men are trained with weapons and in unarmed combat. 兩人都受到過武器和徒手格斗訓(xùn)練。
<21>resourcen. [C] (usu. pl.) sth. that can be used to increase wealth or help achieve sth. 資源
The police used every resource available to track down the killer. 警察動用了一切可用的資源來追捕兇手。
Each country will have to look at its own resources and solutions. 每個國家必須審視自己的資源和對策。
<22>creativea.producing new ideas or things 創(chuàng)造性的，有創(chuàng)造力的
He is a creative writer. 他是一位有創(chuàng)造力的作家。
Children should be allowed to develop their creative abilities as well as their academic abilities. 應(yīng)該讓孩子們在學(xué)習(xí)能力和創(chuàng)造能力上都有所發(fā)展。
<23> creatively ad. in a creative way 創(chuàng)造性地，有創(chuàng)造力地
Power can be used creatively or destructively. 權(quán)力的使用既可以是創(chuàng)造性的，也可以是破壞性的。
There's much room to express yourself creatively. 你有很大的余地來創(chuàng)造性地表現(xiàn)自己。
<24> educational a. connected with education 教育的;與教育相關(guān)的
He likes watching educational TV programs. 他喜歡看教育電視節(jié)目。
She was a leading publisher of educational books and software. 她是教育類書籍和軟件方面的大出版商。
<25>clientn. [C] sb. who pays for the services or advice of a professional person or organization 客戶，顧客
Our manager normally meets with clients in the afternoon. 我們經(jīng)理通常在下午與客戶見面。
Every employee should be patient with their clients. 每一位職員都要對客戶有耐心。
<26>publication n. 1. [C] sth. published, such as a book or magazine 出版物
He picked up some publications and read each of them. 他拿起幾本雜志逐一讀起來。
He was the author of 70 major scientific publications. 他出版過70種科學(xué)讀物。
2. [U] the act of making sth. known to the public; the process of getting sth. published 公布;發(fā)表;出版
The publication of a second report is imminent. 第二份報告的發(fā)布為期不遠。
The publication of his results has inspired a new wave of research. 他的成果發(fā)表后激起了新一輪的研究熱潮。
<27>appointment n. [C] an arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and place for a particular purpose 約會，約定
I have an appointment with the doctor at 5 o'clock. 我與醫(yī)生約在5點。
You should make an appointment in advance. 你應(yīng)該提前預(yù)約。
<28>educatevt. teach or train sb., esp. at school 教育;訓(xùn)練
Youngsters must be educated about the dangers of drugs. 必須使年輕人受教育，認識到毒品的危害。
What we're trying to do is to educate young people to be responsible citizens. 我們目前要做的是教育年輕人做負責(zé)任的公民。
<29> stylist n. [C] sb. who cuts or arranges people's hair as their job 發(fā)型師
She is the top stylist at the salon. 她是發(fā)廊里最好的發(fā)型師。
I used to be a hair stylist myself. 我自己就曾是一個發(fā)型師。
<30>literacy n. [U] the ability to read and write 有文化;識字
You need to attend special classes in basic skills such as literacy. 你應(yīng)該參加像識字之類傳授基本技能的特殊課程。
Local politicians and educators have started working together to improve the literacy rate of the nation. 當(dāng)?shù)卣徒逃衣?lián)合起來著手提高當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖R字比率。
<31>literature n.1. [U] printed material about a subject 資料
Reading medical literature is one of the important tasks for the students. 閱讀醫(yī)學(xué)資料是學(xué)生們的重要任務(wù)之一。
This question has not received intensive consideration in the literature of any major discipline. 各大學(xué)科的文獻資料都沒有對這個問題進行深思。
2. [U] written works which are of artistic value 文學(xué)
Do you ever read twentieth-century literature? 你讀過20世紀(jì)的文學(xué)作品嗎?
Pupils use drama to gain insights into moral and social issues in works of literature. 學(xué)生通過戲劇來認識文學(xué)作品所涉及的'社會、道德問題。
<32>solve vt.find an answer to or a way of dealing with a problem 解決;解答
She is very good at solving crossword puzzles. 她對填字游戲十分拿手。
I don't think money would solve all their problems. 我認為錢不能解決他們所有的問題。
<33>illustratevt.show the meaning of sth. by giving pictures or examples 說明
Pictures illustrate some of the ways in which rocks are formed. 圖片演示了巖石形成的一些方式。
This point can be illustrated by two brief examples. 可舉兩個簡單的例子來說明這一點。
<34>establish vt.start a school, an organization, etc. 建立，創(chuàng)辦
The company was established in 1980. 該公司創(chuàng)辦于1980年。
A committee was established to look into the problem. 成立了一個委員會來調(diào)查這個問題。
<35>bustern.[U] (infml.) sb. or sth. that ends a situation or stops an activity 克星
crime buster 犯罪克星
budget buster 預(yù)算殺手
<36>risk n.[C, U] the possibility that sth. bad or dangerous may happen 危險性;風(fēng)險
There is no risk that the disease will spread further. 疾病沒有進一步蔓延的危險。
The risk of heart disease can be decreased by exercising regularly. 定期鍛煉可以降低患心臟病的危險。
vt.put sth. in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed, or harmed 使遭受(失去、毀壞、或傷害)的危險
Companies cannot risk losing customers through computer problems. 公司不可能因為計算機問題而冒失去顧客的風(fēng)險。
He had risked his own health to help the sick during the epidemic. 在流行病肆虐期間，他不顧自己的健康受到威脅而去幫助病人。
<37>pressuren.[C, U] a way of living or working which causes a lot of anxiety 壓力
He performs best under pressure. 他在壓力下能發(fā)揮最佳水平。
There is a lot of pressure put on everyone. 每個人的壓力都很大。
<38>define vt.give the meaning of; describe exactly 下定義;描述
The dictionary defines it as "a narrow passage". 詞典上給它下的定義是“狹窄的通道”。
It is difficult for me to define the word. 對我來說給這個詞下定義很難。
<39> redefine vt. consider and explain sth. in a new way 重新說明
We will have to redefine our relationship with neighboring states. 我們將不得不重新界定與鄰國的關(guān)系。
It is trying to redefine itself as a consumer business rather than a manufacturer. 它正嘗試給自己重新定位為消費業(yè)而非制造商。
<40>maritala.connected with marriage 婚姻的
Age, sex, and marital status all affect consumption. 年齡、性別以及婚姻狀況都對消費有影響。
Many wives do not report acts of marital violence to the police. 許多婦女沒有向警方報告婚姻暴力行為。
<41>plaguevt.cause pain, suffering, or trouble to sb., esp. for a long period of time 折磨;使苦惱
Heavy rains continue to plague the state. 大雨繼續(xù)在該州肆虐。
Social problems plague these low-income communities. 社會問題困擾著這些低收入社區(qū)。
n.[C] a disease that spreads quickly to a large number of people and causes death 瘟疫;傳染病
an outbreak of plague 瘟疫的爆發(fā)
AIDS has been called a plague. 艾滋病已被稱為一種瘟疫。
<42>establishmentn. [C] an organization or institution, esp. a business, shop, etc. 機構(gòu)，單位
Universities and other research establishments have done much to change the situation. 各大學(xué)以及其他研究機構(gòu)為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀都做了大量工作。
The commercial establishments welcome the reform. 商業(yè)機構(gòu)歡迎這一改革。
<43>emphasizevt.(BrE emphasise) give particular importance or attention to sth. 強調(diào)
My teacher always emphasized the importance of reading. 老師總是強調(diào)閱讀的重要性。
Good manners are emphasized in schools. 學(xué)校強調(diào)禮貌待人。
<44>regardlessad.without being affected or influenced by sth. 無論如何，不管怎樣
But, regardless, it is very important we are as frank as possible. 但是，無論如何，我們要盡可能地坦誠，這很重要。
It may rain by the end of the day, but we plan to carry on, regardless. 天黑以前可能要下雨，但無論如何我們都打算繼續(xù)干下去。
<45>solution n.[C] a way of solving a problem 解決辦法;解答
One possible solution might be to borrow money. 一種可行的解決辦法也許就是借錢。
This is not the best solution to the problem. 這不是解決問題的最好辦法。
<46>crisis n.[C, U] an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation 危機;緊急關(guān)頭
In times of crisis you will find out who your real friends are. 在緊急關(guān)頭你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)誰是真正的朋友。
The economic crisis greatly influenced our income. 經(jīng)濟危機大大影響了我們的收入。
<47>cure n.1. [C] a medical treatment to end an illness 治愈，治療
There's no known effective cure for the disease. 這種病還沒有有效的治療方法。
Prevention is far better than any cure. 預(yù)防遠勝于治療。
2. [C] a solution to a problem (解決問題的)辦法，措施
Some social problems seem to continue forever without a cure. 有些社會問題沒有解決措施，始終繼續(xù)存在。
There were people who thought that the United Nations would be a cure to the problem of war. 有人曾把聯(lián)合國作為解決戰(zhàn)爭問題的辦法。
vt.1. stop sb. from being affected by an illness 治愈，痊愈
The only thing that can cure a cold is time. 只有時間能治愈感冒。
It is possible that in the near future we will be able to cure AIDS. 也許在不久的將來我們就能治愈艾滋病。
2. solve a problem or improve a bad situation 解決問題;改善狀況
I am here to cure you of your hopelessness. 我來是為了把你從絕望情緒中解救出來。
New policies were enacted to cure unemployment. 制定了新政策來解決失業(yè)問題。
<48>representvt.1. be sth. 表示，應(yīng)視為
This company's order represents 10% of our sales. 這個公司的訂單是我們銷售額的10%。
Our tent represents home when we go camping. 外出野營時，帳篷就是我們的家。
2. be a sign or symbol of sth. 表示，象征
Yellow is used to represent warning. 黃色用來代表警告。
This treatment represents a significant advance in the field of cancer research. 這種治療手段反映了癌癥研究領(lǐng)域取得的顯著進步。
3. act or speak officially for another person or group of people 代表
The athletes will represent China in this year's Olympic Games. 這些運動員將代表中國參加今年的奧運會。
Each class will elect two students to represent them on the School Council. 每個班將選出兩名學(xué)生代表參加校務(wù)會議。
<49>epidemicn.[C] a widely or rapidly spreading disease 流行病, 傳染病
AIDS has become an epidemic in some countries. 艾滋病在某些國家已經(jīng)蔓延開來。
Doctors warn that a flu epidemic may be on the way. 醫(yī)生警告說流感可能已開始傳播。
<50>threatenvt.1. be likely to harm or destroy sth. 威脅到，危害到
The flood is threatening the local people's safety. 洪水威脅著當(dāng)?shù)厝说陌踩?/p>
Some people think free trade threatens the health of our economy. 有些人認為自由貿(mào)易會危及到我們的經(jīng)濟狀況。
2. say that you will cause sb. harm or trouble if they do not do what you want 威脅，恐嚇
Every time we have a quarrel, she threatens to leave me. 我們每次吵架，她都威脅說要分手。
The terrorists are threatening to kill the hostages. 恐怖分子揚言要殺死人質(zhì)。
<51>raciala.connected with race 種族的
Racial equality is an object for which they are struggling. 他們斗爭的目標(biāo)是種族平等。
We welcome all of you, whatever your racial background. 無論你們是什么種族背景，所有的人我們都歡迎。
<52>distractvt.take sb.'s attention away from sth. 使轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，使分心
Don't distract me while I'm driving! 我開車的時候不要打擾我。
I was distracted by the noise in the street. 大街上的噪音使我分了神。
<53>efficiency n.[U] the quality of doing sth. well and effectively 效率;功效
I was impressed by her speed and efficiency. 她的速度和效率給我留下了深刻印象。
But much greater economic efficiency is not the only gain. 然而，經(jīng)濟效率較大幅度提高還不是唯一的收獲。
<54> inefficiency n. [U] the quality of being unable to do a task effectively 效率低下，無效
He criticized his employees for inefficiency. 他批評雇員們效率低下。
The inefficiency of the post office bothers me. 這個郵政所服務(wù)效率太低，使我很反感。
<55> undeclared a. not officially announced 未正式宣布的
Several undeclared candidates were waiting for an opportunity to join the race. 幾個還未正式宣布的候選人正等著機會參加競選。
A student in his junior year who is still undeclared should make some quick decisions about what he is going to do with his life. 還未確定專業(yè)的大三學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡快決定自己將來一生要干什么。
Phrases and Expressions
<56>be infected with make sb. get a disease 感染(疾病)
The whole class were infected with the virus. 全班都感染上了這種病毒。
He had become infected with AIDS from an improperly sterilized needle. 由于使用了消毒不當(dāng)?shù)?針頭，他感染上了艾滋病。
<57>in place of instead of 代替
William talked at the meeting in place of the manager who was sick. 威廉代替身體不適的經(jīng)理在會上作了發(fā)言。
In addition, students may offer a dissertation in place of one of the above courses. 另外，學(xué)生也可以提交一篇論文以替代一門上述課程。
<58>suffer from experience sth. unpleasant, e.g., an illness 受...之苦，患(某種疾病)
Kevin is suffering from depression. 凱文患上了抑郁癥。
Dewey had been in hospital for several weeks suffering from malaria. 因為患瘧疾，杜威已經(jīng)住院幾周了。
<59>hand out give sth. to each person in a group 分發(fā)，散發(fā)
She plans to hand out gifts at a children's hospital tomorrow. 她準(zhǔn)備明天去一家兒童醫(yī)院分發(fā)禮物。
A boy was standing by the road, handing out leaflets. 一個小男孩站在路邊散發(fā)傳單。
<60>set up start a company, organization, etc. 建立，創(chuàng)立(公司、機構(gòu)等)
Kate and her partner are setting up their own printing business. 凱特和合伙人正著手創(chuàng)辦自己的印刷廠。
He wants to set up a software company. 他想創(chuàng)辦一家軟件公司。
<61>at risk in danger 有危險，有風(fēng)險
Millions of lives are at risk because of food shortages. 因為食品短缺，幾百萬人面臨生命危險。
Accidents in the home are extremely common, and elderly people are most at risk. 家庭事故非常常見，而老年人面臨的危險最大。
<62>regardless of without being affected or influenced by 不顧，不管
All men are born equal regardless of race or color. 無論種族與膚色，所有人生來都是平等的。
Regardless of the weather, we have to go. 不管天氣好壞，我們都必須走。
<63>guard against prevent sth. from happening 防止...發(fā)生
The coach reminded us to guard against over-confidence. 教練提醒我們要防止過于自信。
Use sunscreen on your skin to guard against skin cancer. 為了防止皮膚癌，要涂上防曬霜。
<64>wipe out destroy or get rid of sth. completely 徹底摧毀;消滅
The whole village was wiped out by the floods. 洪水摧毀了整個村莊。
We wish to wipe out poverty. 我們希望能徹底消滅貧困。
<65>distract sb. from sth. take sb.'s attention from sth. 使分心
The music soon distracted the boy from his homework. 音樂很快就讓這個男孩不能專心做家庭作業(yè)了。
He's easily distracted from any writing that isn't creative. 如果作品沒有獨到之處，他就容易分心。
<66>sign up for put one's name on a list to take part in sth. 報名參加
Her teacher encouraged her to sign up for the English speech contest. 老師鼓勵她參加英語演講比賽。
He signed up for the course to improve his French. 為了提高法語水平，他報了個班。
Proper Names
<67>Latino 拉丁美洲人
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