排比句漢譯英的方法
排比是一種修辭手法,利用意義相關(guān)或相近,結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似和語氣相同的詞組或句子并排,達(dá)到一種加強(qiáng)語勢的效果。下面是一些中文排比句翻譯成英文的方法,希望能幫到大家!
直譯法
因為它是一種“長期抗戰(zhàn)”的力,有彈性,能屈能伸的力,有韌性,不達(dá)目的不止的力。
The rock is utterly helpless before this force — a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached.
愛逐臭爭利,錙銖必較的,請到長街鬧市去;愛輕嘴薄舌的,爭是論非的,請到茶館酒樓去;愛鑼鼓鉦鏜,管弦嗷嘈的,請到歌臺劇院去;愛寧靜淡泊,沉思默想的,深深的小巷在歡迎你。
Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!
這里有美麗的山水,肥沃的田疇,同時又有黑暗的監(jiān)獄和刑場。在這里壞人得志、好人受苦,正義受到摧殘。在這里人們?yōu)榱藸幦∽杂,不得不從事殘酷的斗爭。在這里人們在吃他的同類的人。——那許多的慘酷的景象,那許多的悲痛的回憶!
Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories!
以上三例,都出自《張培基英譯現(xiàn)代散文選》,屬于文學(xué)翻譯,三者的共同之處就在于都采取了平行結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯原文中的排比句。這樣做的好處是最大限度地保留了和原文的對等, 以基本保留原文的形式美和聲音美,而直譯法也是文學(xué)翻譯排比句的常用手法。
不管國際風(fēng)云如何變幻,中國政府和人民都將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作旗幟⋯⋯
Whatever changes take place in the international situation, the Chinese government and people will always hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation.
過去十多年來,中國一貫積極倡導(dǎo)和踐行互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作的新安全觀。
For more than a decade, China has been a strong champion of new security outlook, which has at its very core mutual trust, mutual benefit, equity and coordination.
“和平、發(fā)展、合作”和“互信、互利、平等、協(xié)作”都是最基本的二字格排比,所以字面直譯是最簡單快捷的處理方法。直譯一般出現(xiàn)于二字格、三字格排比中,因為這兩種類型多屬于固定搭配,一般不存在太多的翻譯技巧處理。
使用同義詞替換
于是— — 洗手的時候,日子從水盆里過去;吃飯的時候,日子從飯碗里過去;默默時,便從凝然的雙眼前過去。(朱自清《匆匆》)
Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal; passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.
原文中三個分句都重復(fù)了“過去”,譯文則分別采用“flows away”、“vanishes”、“passes away”三個同義詞組進(jìn)行一一對應(yīng)。這樣譯文中既構(gòu)成了和原文相似的、平行的句法結(jié)構(gòu),又避免了完全的重復(fù)。
語句轉(zhuǎn)換與重組(常見于政經(jīng)類文章)
向促改革要動力,向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力,向惠民生要潛力, 既擴(kuò)大市場需求,又增加有效供給,努力做到結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。
We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.
本句中三個“向…要”分別采用不同句式,避免了句式的重復(fù)。另外,為了避免”一逗到底”情況,譯文三句一斷,保證譯文清晰流暢。當(dāng)處理排比分句較多的情況時,必須以仔細(xì)分析原旬,理清各分句問的關(guān)系為前提,分別或綜合使用不定式,介詞短語或者分詞結(jié)構(gòu)將原句重組,以體現(xiàn)出原文字里行間的邏輯,也符合英語的”樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。
合并或減譯
我的生活曾經(jīng)是悲苦的、黑暗的。然而朋友們把多量的.同情、多量的愛、多量的歡樂、多量的眼淚分了給我。這些東西都是生存所必需的。(巴金《朋友》)
There was a time when my hfe was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love joy and tears— things essential for existence.
譯文把“多量的同情、多量的愛、多量的歡樂、多量的眼淚”中的多量合并,只用了一個“large quantities”。
最近,中國組建了國家安全委員會,提出了國家總體安全觀,即以人民安全為宗旨,以政治安全為根本,以經(jīng)濟(jì)安全為基礎(chǔ),以軍事、文化、社會安全為保障,以促進(jìn)國際安全為依托,走出一條中國特色國家安全道路。
Recently, China has launched a new National Security Comission and prosped a new holistic approach to national security. This new Chinese approach encompasses many aspects of security, including security of the people, of the political system, the economy, defense, culture, society and international environment.
本句中“為宗旨,為根本,為保障,為依托”并不是在強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的地位或作用,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)這些內(nèi)容都包含在”國家總體安全觀”中,因此進(jìn)行了合理的壓縮。
燕子去了,有再來的時候;楊柳枯了,有再青的時候;桃花謝了,有再開的時候。(朱自清《匆匆》)
If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they wm flower gain.
增譯if使得行文更加流暢。
綜上,我們可以看出,漢語排比句式在譯成英文時,不可以機(jī)械地照序直譯,而應(yīng)當(dāng)首先弄清組成詞組或句子之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系,按照英語并列句式的組句特點來翻譯。在符合英語句子表達(dá)習(xí)慣的前提下追求排比句式上的對等。
而直譯法多用于字?jǐn)?shù)比較少的詞語的排比中,在四字格以及不限字?jǐn)?shù)排比上應(yīng)用較少,不同于二字格一般屬于詞組形式,多字格通常涉及短語及句子,在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上若是拘泥于字面直譯便容易造成死譯,導(dǎo)致譯文不夠通順。
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