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散文中年人的寂寞英譯賞析
一到中年，就有許多不愉快的現(xiàn)象，眼睛昏花了，記憶力減退了，頭發(fā)開始禿脫而且變白了，意興，體力，什么都不如年青的時(shí)候，常不禁會(huì)感覺到難以名言的寂寞的情味。下面是小編分享的英譯散文《中年人的寂寞》賞析，歡迎閱讀!
《中年人的寂寞》
Mid-life Loneliness
夏丐尊
Xia Mianzun
我已是一個(gè)中年的人。一到中年，就有許多不愉快的現(xiàn)象，眼睛昏花了，記憶力減退了，頭發(fā)開始禿脫而且變白了，意興，體力，什么都不如年青的時(shí)候，常不禁會(huì)感覺到難以名言的寂寞的情味。尤其覺得難堪的是知友的逐漸減少和疏遠(yuǎn)，缺乏交際上的溫暖的慰藉。
I am already a middle-aged man. At middle age, I feel sad to find my eyesight and memory failing, my hair thinning and graying, and myself no longer mentally and physically as fit as when I was young. I often suffer from a nameless loneliness. The most intolerable of all is the lack of friendly warmth and comfort due to the gradual passing away and estrangement of more and more old pals.
要點(diǎn):
1,“一到中年”譯為At middle age，翻譯中介詞和動(dòng)詞之間的互動(dòng)也是值得注意的，如“美國在追求世界霸權(quán)時(shí)，經(jīng)常侵犯他國人權(quán)”=In pursuit of world hegemony, the U.S. has frequently violated the human rights of other countries.
2,fail是個(gè)多義詞，在不同情境下有著不同含義，最常見的就是“失敗”其他翻譯中的常見意思還有“未做到(fail to do)””辜負(fù)”此處意為“衰退”
3，“頭發(fā)禿脫”意為“頭發(fā)變少”此處用的thin十分形象
4，“意興，體力，什么都不如年青的時(shí)候”=“身體和和精神頭都不如年輕的時(shí)候好”轉(zhuǎn)換說法~
5，nameless=indescribable,但nameless通常來指不好的事情，文學(xué)翻譯中還常見一個(gè)needless,常用在”needless to say”(不消說)
6，逐漸減少
不消說，相識(shí)的人數(shù)是隨了年齡增加的，一個(gè)人年齡越大，走過的地方當(dāng)過的職務(wù)越多，相識(shí)的人理該越增加了。可是相識(shí)的人并不就是朋友。我們和許多人相識(shí)，或是因?yàn)槭聞?wù)關(guān)系，或是因了偶然的機(jī)緣——如在別人請(qǐng)客的時(shí)候同席吃過飯之類。見面時(shí)點(diǎn)頭或握手，有事時(shí)走訪或通信，口頭上彼此也稱為“朋友”，筆頭上有時(shí)或稱“仁兄”，諸如此類，其實(shí)只是一種社交上的客套，和“頓首”“百拜”同是儀式的虛偽。這種交際可以說是社交，和真正的友誼相差似乎很遠(yuǎn)。
Needless to say, the number of acquaintances increases with one's age. The older one gets, the more widely traveled one is and the more work experience one has, the more acquaintances one is supposed to have. But not all acquaintances are friends. We come to know many people either in the way of business or by mere chance –say, having been at the same table at a dinner party. We may be on nodding or hand-shaking terms, call each other "friend", sometimes write to each other with the salutation of "Dear So-and-So", etc., etc. All these are, in fact, nothing but civilities of social life, as hypocritical as the polite formula dunshou (kowtow) or baibai (a hundred greetings) used after the signature in old-fashioned Chinese letter-writing. We may call them social intercourse, but they seem to have very little in common with genuine friendship.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“一個(gè)人年齡越大，走過的地方當(dāng)過的職務(wù)越多，相識(shí)的人理該越增加了”，這是一個(gè)比較句，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“the more…the more…”，如：“愈是顏色艷麗的花愈缺少芬芳。”譯為The showier the flowers are, the less sweetness they have.
2，“我們和許多人相識(shí)，或是因?yàn)槭聞?wù)關(guān)系，或是因了偶然的機(jī)緣…”譯為“We come to know many people either in the way of business or by mere chance –say, having been at the same table at a dinner party. ”其中in the way of,意為“為了，關(guān)于，以…的方法”表示此處的“因了”
3，We may be on nodding or hand-shaking terms，on terms,中的“be on…terms with”意為“與…是什么關(guān)系”，term與terms 在意思上有所區(qū)別前者可做“術(shù)語，時(shí)期，時(shí)限”，后者意為“條款，條件，關(guān)系”注意區(qū)分~
4，“筆頭上稱”= write to each other with the salutation of "Dear So-and-So"，還有一種說法表示“筆頭上的”即be written~如Many things have been written and said of the natural beauty and charms of Los Angeles.(洛杉磯的自然之美以及吸引力使它獲得了許多來自筆頭以及口頭上的褒獎(jiǎng)。)written單獨(dú)也可表示“筆頭上，口頭上，書面上的”，如“written homework”書面作業(yè)
5，“和‘頓首’‘百拜’同是儀式的虛偽”，“頓首”，“百拜”用釋義譯法譯為dunshou (kowtow) or baibai (a hundred greetings) used after the signature in old-fashioned Chinese letter-writing.這種譯法常出現(xiàn)于文學(xué)翻譯中。
6，相去甚遠(yuǎn)=have little in common with, little 表示“甚少”的用法又粗現(xiàn)啦~
真正的朋友，恐怕要算“總角之交”或“竹馬之交”了。在小學(xué)和中學(xué)的時(shí)代容易結(jié)成真實(shí)的友誼，那時(shí)彼此尚不感到生活的壓迫，入世未深，打算計(jì)較的念頭也少，朋友結(jié)成全由于志趣相近或性情適合，差不多可以說是“無所為”的，性質(zhì)比較地純粹。
Real friendship between two persons originates perhaps from the time of life when they were children playing innocently together. Real friendship is easily formed in primary or middle school days when, being socially inexperienced and free from the burden of life, you give little thought to personal gains or losses, and make friends entirely as a result of similar tastes and interests or congenial disposition. It is sort of "friendship for friendship's sake" and is relatively pure in nature.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“總角之交”或“竹馬之交”采用意譯法處理。譯為Real friendship between two persons originates perhaps from the time of life when they were children playing innocently together.
2，涉世未深=being socially inexperienced and free from the burden of life
3,打算計(jì)較的念頭也少=“不計(jì)較個(gè)人得失”=give little thought to personal gains and losses,注意這里的Little又出現(xiàn)了哦，表示“少”。
4，“朋友結(jié)成全由于志趣相近或性情適合”，這里的“由于”譯為了as a result of,這種替換because of 的用法也值得積累~
5，“差不多可以說是‘無所為’的”譯為It is sort of "friendship for friendship's sake"中對(duì)于“無所為”的理解應(yīng)是“無條件的，無目的的”，故采用了句式for…one’s sake(為了…),意為“為了友誼而友誼”,也就是無條件無目的的友誼~在冰心的《話說短文》中有句“為了寫作而寫作”譯為“if one writes simply for the sake of writing”也顯示了這個(gè)意思。
二十歲以后結(jié)成的友誼，大概已不免攙有各種各樣的顏色分子在內(nèi);至于三十歲四十歲以后的朋友中間，顏色分子愈多，友誼的真實(shí)成分也就不免因而愈少了。
Friendship among people in their 20's, however, is more or less colored by personal motives. And friendship among those aged over 30 becomes correspondingly still less pure as it gets even more colored.
1，“大概已不免攙有各種各樣的顏色分子在內(nèi)”=“或多或少都加入了個(gè)人動(dòng)機(jī)”譯為is more or less colored by personal motives，注意colour在此的動(dòng)詞用法，沒想到吧~~這就是文學(xué)用詞的靈活性
2，aged over做后置定語表示“…歲以上的”，如: There are 21 million people aged over 50 in Britain.英國年過五十的人有兩千一百萬。
3，“顏色分子愈多，友誼的真實(shí)成分也就不免因而愈少了”這里的“愈…愈…”并沒有譯為the more ,the more結(jié)構(gòu)，體現(xiàn)了文學(xué)翻譯句式的靈活性，值得我們借鑒!
這并不一定是“人心不古”，實(shí)可以說是人生的悲劇。人到了成年以后，彼此都有生活的重?fù)?dān)須負(fù)，入世既不許你不打算，結(jié)果彼此都“鉤心斗角”，像七巧板似地只選定了某一方面和對(duì)方去接合。這樣的接合當(dāng)然是很不堅(jiān)固的，尤其是現(xiàn)代這樣什么都到了尖銳化的時(shí)代。
Though this is not necessarily due to "degeneration of public morality", I do have good reasons to call it the tragedy of life. People at middle age, with the heavy burden of life and much experience in the ways of the world, have more scruples about this and that, and cannot choose but become more calculating in social dealings till they start scheming against each other. They always keep a wary eye, as it were, on each other in their association. Such association is of course fragile, especially in this modern age of prevailing sharp conflicts.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“人心不古”指今人的心地失淳樸而流于詐偽，沒有古人厚道。慨嘆社會(huì)風(fēng)氣變壞。知道這個(gè)意思就好翻了，譯為degeneration of public morality(社會(huì)道德的淪喪)
2，cannot choose but do=不得不,“入世既不許你不打算”(雙重否定表肯定)意即“使你不得不變得精于計(jì)算”~一般否定不好譯的時(shí)候，我們可以采取正面譯法
3，“結(jié)果彼此都‘鉤心斗角’”譯為till they start scheming(欺騙) against each other。注意till的特殊用法，這里指“結(jié)果”=so that, finally, and at last.
4, “像七巧板似地只選定了某一方面和對(duì)方去接合”這句話比較難理解(文學(xué)大家們都太含蓄(⊙v⊙)，要深挖深挖其本質(zhì)含義~那就是!(前方高能~~
---“人們互相提防，互存戒心地交往”，譯為They always keep a wary(小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的) eye, as it were, on each other in their association.其中as it were是插入語，意為“可以說”，起到連接上下文的作用。
在我自己的交游中，最值得系念的老是一些少年時(shí)代以來的朋友。這些朋友本來數(shù)目就不多，有些住在遠(yuǎn)地，連相會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)也不可多得。他們有的年齡大過了我，有的小我?guī)讱q，都是中年以上的人了，平日各人所走的方向不同。思想趣味境遇也都不免互異，大家晤談起來，也常會(huì)遇到說不出的隔膜的情形。
Of all my friends, those I have known since childhood are most worthy of remembrance. They are few in number. Some of them live far away and we seldom have an opportunity to see each other. Some of them are older than I am, and some a few years younger. But all of us are in late mid-life. Since we have each followed a different course in life, our ways of thinking, interests and circumstances are bound to differ, and often we lack mutual understanding somehow or other in our conversation.
要點(diǎn)：
1， of君經(jīng)常粗現(xiàn)在翻譯中表示“其中”哦~~比如“西藏各地都有著名的古代藝術(shù)景點(diǎn)，其中最著名的景點(diǎn)有布達(dá)拉宮…”譯為Of famous ancient art sites all around Tibet, the most well-known sites are the Potala Palace…
2， “數(shù)目不多”=few in number,新表述!
3， “各人所走的方向不同”意為“走上了不同的道路”，“道路”這個(gè)詞我們?cè)凇镀D難地國運(yùn)與雄健的國民》中提到多詞哦，是course,通常表“道路，進(jìn)程”之意
4， “somehow or other”意為“不知怎么地，莫名其妙地”此處代表“說不出的”，之前我們還見到過nameless， indescribable都表示這個(gè)意思
5， “隔膜”用了意譯法，譯為“缺少共識(shí)”
如大家話舊，舊事是彼此共喻的，而且大半都是少年時(shí)代的事，“舊游如夢(mèng)”，把夢(mèng)也似的過去的少年時(shí)代重提，因談話的進(jìn)行，同時(shí)會(huì)聯(lián)想起許多當(dāng)時(shí)的事情，許多當(dāng)時(shí)的人的面影，這時(shí)好像自己仍回歸到少年時(shí)代去了。我常在這種時(shí)候感到一種快樂，同時(shí)也感到一種傷感，那情形好比老婦人突然在抽屜里或箱子里發(fā)見了她盛年時(shí)的影片。
Nevertheless, when we talk over old times, we will always agree on things in the past--mostly about things in our childhood days. While we retell the dream-like childhood days in the course of our conversation, numerous scenes and persons of bygone days will unfold again before our eyes, and we will feel like reliving the old days. Often at this moment, I'll feel at once happy and sad--like an old lady suddenly fishing out from her drawer or chest a photo of her taken in the bloom of her youth.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“如大家話舊，舊事是彼此共喻的，而且大半都是少年時(shí)代的事，”這個(gè)句子中第一分句和后兩個(gè)分句的主語不一致，對(duì)于這種情況，翻譯中常采用轉(zhuǎn)換主語的方法，稍作分析就可以看出“話舊”是“我們”發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，“舊事”也是“我們”的事，因此取“我們”做主語可以把這幾個(gè)句子串起來。
2，“舊游如夢(mèng)”的意思即“夢(mèng)也似的過去的少年時(shí)代”因此，都譯作the dream-like childhood days
3，“這時(shí)好像自己仍回歸到少年時(shí)代去了”譯為and we will feel like reliving the old days，注意relive~~意為“再次體驗(yàn)，重溫(尤指在想象中)”，用在這里真是不能再貼切~
逢到和舊友談話，就不知不覺地把話題轉(zhuǎn)到舊事上去，這是我的習(xí)慣。我在這上面無意識(shí)地會(huì)感到一種溫暖的慰藉�？墒沁@些舊友一年比一年減少了，本來只是屈指可數(shù)的幾個(gè)，少去一個(gè)是無法彌補(bǔ)的。我每當(dāng)聽到一個(gè)舊友死去的消息，總要惆悵多時(shí)。
When chatting away with my old friends, I am in the habit of unwittingly channeling the topic of conversation toward things of former days. From that I unknowingly derive some sort of warm solace. But old friends are dwindling away year by year. They are originally few in number, so the disappearance of any of them is an irreparable loss to me. The news of any old pal's death will invariably make me sad in my heart for a long, long time.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“不知不覺地”=in the habit of unwittingly doing sth
2,channel 作動(dòng)詞時(shí)有“把…導(dǎo)向，引導(dǎo)”的意思，這個(gè)意思在翻譯中比較常見，如政府工作報(bào)告中“大力…”，就可以用“channel great efforts to do…”來表達(dá)
3，此段表“無意識(shí)地”的有兩個(gè)詞“unwittingly”“unknowingly”，另外unconsciously, insensibly,都是他們的小伙伴~
4，在表達(dá)“使某人感到…”時(shí)，本段又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新表達(dá)即derive,之前對(duì)于此類表述我們有過一個(gè)總結(jié)(詳見《背影》)，散文主要就是抒發(fā)感情的，所以此類表述相對(duì)較多，童鞋們要根據(jù)語境多做總結(jié)~
5，“我每當(dāng)聽到一個(gè)舊友死去的消息”譯為The news of，這種譯法大家應(yīng)該很熟悉了，在《背影》中多次出現(xiàn)，比如“想到”=the thought of~
學(xué)校教育給我們的好處不但只是灌輸知識(shí)，最大的好處恐怕還在給與我們求友的機(jī)會(huì)上。這好處我到了離學(xué)校以后才知道，這幾年來更確切地體會(huì)到，深悔當(dāng)時(shí)毫不自覺，馬馬虎虎地就過去了。近來每日早晚在路上見到兩兩三三的攜著書包，攜了手或挽了肩膀走著的青年學(xué)生，我總艷羨他們有朋友之樂，暗暗地要在心中替他們祝福。
The imparting of knowledge is not the sole advantage of school education. Its greatest advantage is perhaps the opportunity it affords us for making friends. It was not until I had already left school that I began to realize this advantage. And in recent years I have come to understand it even more deeply. I much regret having carelessly frittered away my school days without making many friends. Recently, every morning or evening, whenever I see school kids with satchels walking in twos and threes, hand in hand or shoulder to shoulder, I always envy them for enjoying happy friendship, and inwardly offer them my best wishes.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“灌輸知識(shí)”譯為The imparting of knowledge，這種將動(dòng)詞譯為“the +抽象名詞+of”的手法我們之前也見過很多，要引起重視
2，“這好處我到了離學(xué)校以后才知道”中運(yùn)用not until句式是表示“才”字句常用的一種方法
3，fritter away意為“揮霍，浪費(fèi)”，很形象啊~表示“虛度”的小伙伴還有l(wèi)oaf/idle/fool/dawdle/fiddle away one’s time,恩，麻麻再也不用擔(dān)心沒得用了~
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