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      1. 英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之連詞

        時(shí)間:2020-07-20 14:48:30 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿

        英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之連詞

          連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類,語法復(fù)習(xí)二十一:連 詞。并列連詞是連接主語與主語,謂語與謂語,句子與句子,分詞與分詞的詞,它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用;而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句,從句形式有名詞性從句,定語從句和狀語從句等。

        英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之連詞

         。ㄒ唬┎⒘羞B詞:

          并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞,詞組與詞組,分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有:and(和),as well as(既…又),both … and(不但…而且),not only … but also(不但…而且),not … but(不是…而是),neither … nor(既不…也不),either … or(不是…就是),or(或者),but (但是),yet(然而),for(因?yàn)椋,so(所以),while(而),when(這時(shí))等。如:Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光榮的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.

         。ǘ⿵膶龠B詞

          從屬連詞是指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見的從屬連詞有:

          引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as

          引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的:because, since, as

          引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的:although, though, no matter(無論), even if (though)

          引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as

          引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的:so … that …, such … that …

          引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的:so that …, in order that …

          引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的:as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …

          引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的:as if …

          引導(dǎo)主語,賓語或表語從句的連詞主要有:that, whether, if三個(gè)。其中that 和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語從句。

         。ㄈ┠承┯梅ū容^特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別

          1、當(dāng)while, when, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別:①while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性。謂語動(dòng)詞多為進(jìn)行時(shí),或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)。while 的這些用法可用when代替,等于 "at the time that", "during the time that"。例如:Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying;② when除可指一段時(shí)間外,還可用來指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,等于 "at the time",也就是說when引出的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是終止性的,也可以延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語可以是一般時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí),或完成時(shí)。例如:When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(when不能換成while)He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.(when可換成while)③as?膳cwhen,while通用,但強(qiáng)調(diào)"一邊、一邊"。例如:As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致,主、謂是"主語+系動(dòng)詞"結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),這時(shí)主語和系動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如:When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She'll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有時(shí)代替if,引導(dǎo)條件句,意為"如果"、"假如",例如:I'll come when (if) I'm free.

          2、before作連詞一般表示時(shí)間,意為"在…之前",但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭。試看以下句子的翻譯:He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我;Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話,他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。

          3、till, until作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語短語或狀語從句,用于否定句時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為not …until (till),主句謂語動(dòng)詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可,意為"直到…才…"。用于肯定句時(shí),只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示"到…為止"。例如:They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn't talk(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)until (till) the interpreter(譯員)came./ He didn't go to bed(非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)until (till) the his father came back.;until可以放在句首,till則不行,例如:Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.(倒裝);till, until只用于時(shí)間,以下句子是錯(cuò)誤的:We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用as far as或to)。

          4、because, since, as引導(dǎo)原因狀語時(shí)注意使用上的區(qū)別:①如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問的'句子,一定用because回答。例如:He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.;②如原因已為人們所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或 since,英語語法《語法復(fù)習(xí)二十一:連 詞》。since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如:As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let's begin.

          5、although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句往往用法一樣,但注意以下區(qū)別:①although用于各種文體,而though則多用于非正式的口語或書面語中。注意由although, though引導(dǎo)的從句后,主句不能用but,但可用副詞yet, still。例如:Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或yet they went on working)②though常與even連用,even though表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為"即使",但不能說even although,例如:Even though I didn't understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副詞,意為"然而",常用逗號與句子分開。although則不能這樣使用,它只作連詞。例如:It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.

          6、once作副詞譯"曾經(jīng)",作為連詞譯"一旦",引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。相當(dāng)于if的加強(qiáng)形式。例如:I don't believe he was once a thief. (once這里是副詞)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once連詞)

          7、unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句等于if … not …。例如:He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He'll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)

          8、在用as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句及表語從句中,根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語氣。例如:He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有時(shí)也可用直陳語氣。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.

          9、whether, if引導(dǎo)從句的用法區(qū)別:①引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句時(shí),用whether,不用if。例如:Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式,而if則不可。例如:I haven't decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介詞的賓語或置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào),而if則不可。例如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句, whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是肯定句,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此時(shí)不能用whether),例如:Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn't rain. ⑤引導(dǎo)賓語從句的whether和if?膳cor not連用。連用時(shí)要注意or not的位置,它一般與 whether、if分開使用,有時(shí)它可與whether合起來使用,但不能與if合起來使用。例如:I don't know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don't know whether or not they will come. ⑥if可用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,譯"如果",whether則不行。例如:If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.

          10、as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語從句。①as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為"當(dāng)…時(shí)"。例如:As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,意為"象…一樣"。例如:We must do as the Party teaches us. ③as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。意為"由于",例如:As you are tired, you had better rest. ④as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。意為"雖然"、"盡管"Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)另外,as做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,如:I have the same book as you.

          練習(xí)、連詞

          1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as

          2. ____ you are dismissed.

          A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and

          3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.

          A. because B. now C. so D. since

          4. Why these thi

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