英語語法中用作介詞或連詞的分詞歸納
1.considering
就……而論、照……來看;考慮到,既可用作介詞,又可用作連詞。例:I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.
聽說他已經 70 多歲了,但從他的年紀來看,他仍然很結實。
Considering ( that ) he did not study hard, he did well on the test.
考慮到他沒有用功,他考得還不錯。
另: considering 還可用作副詞,通常置于句尾,意為從各方面看。例:
She seems ( to be ) very bright, considering.
從各方面看,她似乎很聰明。
2. providing / provided
倘若……;在……的條件下,用作連詞,引導條件狀語從句,但從句不用虛擬語氣。例:
We'll visit Europe next year, provided / providing ( that ) we have the money.
如果我們有這筆錢,我們明年將去歐洲游覽。
I shall go provided / providing ( that ) it does not rain.
倘若天不下雨,我就去。
3. supposing / suppose
假如、假定用作連詞,引導條件狀語從句,從句可用陳述語氣,也可用虛擬語氣。例:
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) the weather were bad, where would you go?
假如天氣不好,你去什么地方?
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) she doesn't come, what should we do?
假如她不來我們該怎么辦?
supposing 可用在一個簡單句中,相當于 What would / will happen if … / What does it matter if …例:
Supposing I don't see her. ( = What will happen if I don't see her? )
假如我見不到她,那該怎么辦?
suppose 意為假定;萬一;倘若;不妨;何不。例:
( Let us ) Suppose ( that ) his statement is right.
假定他的陳述是正確的。
4. according to /by
根據…… / 按照……,用作連詞。例:
According to my watch, it's 4 o'clock.
按照我表上的時間,現在是 4 點鐘。
You may go or stay, according as you decide.
去還是留,由你來決定。
You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
根據工作好壞你將會受到獎懲。
according to 與 according by 的區別在于:
。 1 ) according by 不可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用; according to 可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用。
。 2 ) according to 只能表示來自他處的信息,而不能表示來自說話者本身的`信息。
例:
According to (不能用 by ) my clock, it is 12 o'clock.
根據我表上的時間,現在是 12 點。
According to (不能用 by ) her (不能用 me ), the war broke out in 1923.
根據她所說的,那場戰爭在 1923 年爆發。
5. compared with / to
將……與……比較,用作介詞。例:
Compared with / to her mother, she is tall.
和她母親比起來,她算很高了。
6. including
包含,用作介詞。例:
I have to prepare food for seven people, including me.
我必須準備包括自己在內 7 個人的食物。
7. owing to
由于……因為……,用作介詞。 seeing ( that )由于……;既然……;因為……,用作連詞。例:
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.
由于天氣不好,我不能把它進行下去。
Seeting ( that ) he is ill, he's unlikely to come.
由于生病的緣故,他可能不來了。
8. judging from / by ( =to judge by )
由……來判斷,用作介詞。例:
Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說的來判斷,他一定是個誠實的人。
Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province.
從他的口音來判斷,他一定來自廣東。
9. regarding ( =as regards, in regard to, with regard to ) / respecting ( =as respects, in respect to, with respect to ) / concerning ( =as concerns ) / relating to
均用作介詞,意為關于,就……而言,相當于 about, 但比 about 正式。例:
Regarding this point, he is correct.
關于這一點,他是對的。
Respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later.
關于你的工資,我們將在以后做出決定。
Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.
關于來信,我很高興地通知你,我們覺得你的計劃是可接受的。
10. given
如果有……,假定……,考慮到……,既可用作介詞,也可用作連詞。例:
Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
考慮到他們經驗不足,他們的工作做得還不錯。
Given his support, I think we'll win the election.
若能獲得他的支持,我想我們會贏得這次選舉。
11. granted / granting
用作連詞,意為就算……,假定……,縱使……,姑且承認
例 Granted / Granting you are right, I won't do it.
就算你說的是正確的,我也不打算做那事。
12. assuming / say
。ㄓ糜诰涫,與 Let's 連用)意為假定……假使例:
Assuming / Say ( Let's say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?
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