《湯姆大伯的小屋》中使用的八種常用翻譯技巧

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The Eight Commonly-Used Translation Techniques Used in the Chinese Translation by Huang Jizhong of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Abstract

As long as there exist translation activities, there are translated versions. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a milestone work in American Slave Abolition literature. It was the first foreign novel translated into classical Chinese by Lin Shu. Several decades later, Shanghai Translation Publishing House published the first vernacular version by Huang Jizhong (pronounced in Chinese Tang Mu Da Bo De Xiao Wu). It was a full translation and the literary value was presented.
The first part is an introduction to the original and the original author as well as the two concerned translators. Next is an analysis of the eight frequently used techniques in translation, including repetition, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, division, negation and the change of the voices. This part focuses on inversion, amplification and omission, and Lin Shu’s translation is quoted to make analysis more clearly.
Through the case study, we can learn the translation techniques better, and effectively interpret and explain some translation phenomena influenced and determined by social, historical and cultural contexts, particularly suitable for the studies of different translation produced many years ago or under different social, historical and cultural conditions.

Key Words: Huang’s Chinese translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Huang Jizhong; inversion; omission; amplification

摘要

《湯姆大伯的小屋》是美國廢奴文學中的豐碑式作品。作為第1部被林紓譯成中文（《黑奴吁天錄》）的美國小說，它對喚起中國人民的民族覺醒產生了巨大作用。半個多世紀后，上海譯文出版社推出了中國第1部用白話文翻譯的全本《湯姆大伯的小屋》，黃繼忠充分論證了該小說的文學價值。
本文首先介紹了原文的作者及原文的主要內容及其社會地位，還有兩位相關的譯文作者。隨后就黃繼忠的譯本具體闡述了重譯法、增譯法、減譯法、詞類轉移法、詞序調整法、正說反譯，反說正譯法、分譯法和語態變換法8種常用翻譯技巧，其中著重討論了詞序調整法、增譯法和減譯法，并且引用林紓的譯本與黃繼忠的譯本相對比，更好的論證黃繼忠所使用的翻譯技巧。
經過對黃繼忠譯本的翻譯技巧的討論，我們能更加深刻地理解這8種常用翻譯技巧的含義及用途，對我們以后研究文學翻譯作品提供了基礎。同時，我們也認識到，同1作品的不同譯本在不同的歷史時期受到社會、歷史和文化背景的影響，為了適應譯入語文化和譯入語讀者的需要，采用了不同的翻譯策略并由此呈現出不同的風格特征。

關鍵詞：《湯姆大伯的小屋》、黃繼忠、詞序調整法、減譯法、增譯法

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