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      1. 論我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題與對(duì)策

        時(shí)間:2023-03-11 05:33:53 會(huì)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文 我要投稿
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        論我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題與對(duì)策

        畢業(yè)論文

        論我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題與對(duì)策
         

        摘要: 稅收法制建設(shè)相對(duì)滯后,稅收征管工作的創(chuàng)新力度不大等諸多原因,使現(xiàn)行個(gè)人所得稅稅收征管已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的要求,并嚴(yán)重制約著稅收職能作用的發(fā)揮和稅收的發(fā)展。為適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的要求,不斷完善個(gè)人所得稅征管體制,建立科學(xué)合理的個(gè)人所得稅征管制度,是新世紀(jì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要課題。本文主要闡述了我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的稅收征管難度大,征收成本高,征管手段落后,稅收流失嚴(yán)重等問(wèn)題。接著分析了影響個(gè)人所得稅征管的主要原因。最后,提出了樹(shù)立科學(xué)的發(fā)展觀和稅收觀,建立合理的稅制模式,加強(qiáng)稅收法制建設(shè)等建議。
        關(guān)鍵詞: 個(gè)人所得稅;稅收征管; 稅制模式;


        On The Question and Countermeasure of The Existence in Tax Collection and Management of Individual Income Tax
                          of Our Country
          
         
        Name: LiuYi   Instructor: ChenXiangzhou
        Abstract: The legal construction of the tax revenue lags behind relatively, the innovative dynamics of the tax collection and management work does not quite wait for a great deal of reasons, make the tax collection and management of the current Individual Income Tax already far lag behind economic development and demand for the socialist market economy system, and is restricting the full play of the function of the tax revenue and development of the tax revenue seriously. In order to meet the needs of socialist market economy system, are perfecting the Individual Income Tax and levying and managing the system constantly, it is an important subject of economic development of our country in the new century to set up the Individual Income Tax with reasonable science and levy and manage the system. It is in tax collection and management that this text has explained the Individual Income Tax of our country mainly the degree of difficulty of tax collection and management existing is great, it is with high costs to collect, levy and manage the means and lag behind, the loss of the tax revenue waits for the problem seriously. Then it has analyzed the main reason influencing the Individual Income Tax to levy and manage. Finally, this paper put forward the scientific development view and tax revenue view of establishing, set up rational tax system mode, strengthen legal construction of the tax revenue, etc. to propose.
        Keywords: Individual Income Tax; Tax collection and management; Tax system mode

        目  錄

        引  言 1
        1、我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題 1
        (1) 稅收征管基礎(chǔ)薄弱,稅源監(jiān)控水平較低 1
        (2) 稅收征管難度大,征收成本高,征管效益差 1
        (3)征管手段落后,個(gè)人所得稅偷稅漏稅現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重 1
        (4)征管技術(shù)落后,稅制模式不完善 2
        (5)稅收工作的社會(huì)參與性不強(qiáng),綜合征管效果不佳 3
        (6)個(gè)人所得稅征管發(fā)展目標(biāo)不明確,稅收征管措施散、亂,征管質(zhì)量難以改善 3
        2、影響個(gè)人所得稅的征管的主要原因 3
        (1)稅收法制建設(shè)落后 3
        (2)對(duì)個(gè)人所得稅稅收的重視不夠 3
        (3)稅收征管缺乏創(chuàng)新性,稅收征管辦法滯后 4
        (4)管理干部素質(zhì)不高 4
        (5)缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激勵(lì)機(jī)制,稅收征管人員工作積極性不高、主動(dòng)性不強(qiáng) 4
        (6)納稅人的納稅意識(shí)不高 4
        3、加強(qiáng)個(gè)人所得稅征管的幾點(diǎn)建議 4
        (1)樹(shù)立科學(xué)的發(fā)展觀和稅收觀,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)提高對(duì)個(gè)人所得稅稅收的認(rèn)識(shí) 4
        (2)建立合理的稅制模式 4
        (3)建立有效的個(gè)人收入監(jiān)控機(jī)制 5
        (4)做好代扣代繳工作,加強(qiáng)對(duì)高收入行業(yè)和個(gè)人的征收管理 5
        (5)加快稅收法制建設(shè),為加強(qiáng)個(gè)人所得稅稅收征管提供法治支持和保障 5
        (6)加強(qiáng)綜合技能培訓(xùn),不斷增強(qiáng)稅收征管人員業(yè)務(wù)技能 6
        (7)建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激勵(lì)機(jī)制,充分調(diào)動(dòng)稅收征管工作人員的工作積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性 6
        結(jié)束語(yǔ) 6
        參考文獻(xiàn): 7
         
        引  言
        稅收征管是整個(gè)稅務(wù)工作的前沿陣地和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。而長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),個(gè)人所得稅稅收征管存在的問(wèn)題被經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展、稅收收入連年大幅度超額完成任務(wù)的繁榮景象所掩蓋。隨著時(shí)間的推移,個(gè)人所得稅稅收征管存在的問(wèn)題不僅沒(méi)有得到逐步緩解,而且越積越多。近年,我國(guó)地區(qū)之間、家庭之間、勞動(dòng)者之間在1定程度上出現(xiàn)收入上的兩極分化,衍生了大量的社會(huì)矛盾,這與社會(huì)主義實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕的本質(zhì)不符。對(duì)個(gè)人收入進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),已經(jīng)到了刻不容緩的程度。因此,個(gè)人所得稅的征管越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)各界重視。由于我國(guó)生產(chǎn)力還比較落后、法制化程度還比較低、整個(gè)社會(huì)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的管理水平還不夠高,再加上我國(guó)現(xiàn)行個(gè)人所得稅征管制度不健全和征管手段落后等諸多方面的原因,目前稅收征管機(jī)制在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中還存在很多問(wèn)題,沒(méi)有發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的調(diào)節(jié)作用。本文就個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題及影響個(gè)人所得稅征管的原因進(jìn)行探討,并提出相應(yīng)的建議。
        1、我國(guó)個(gè)人所得稅在稅收征管中存在的問(wèn)題
        (1) 稅收征管基礎(chǔ)薄弱,稅源監(jiān)控水平較低
        個(gè)人收入不清晰,無(wú)法明白征稅,F(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中,我國(guó)工資外收入占個(gè)人收入的比重逐年上升,個(gè)人儲(chǔ)蓄存款 雖已實(shí)行真名制,但其他金融資產(chǎn)尚未實(shí)名化,個(gè)人存量資產(chǎn)的申報(bào)制度尚未建立,分配體制仍然混亂,個(gè)人收入隱蔽化,導(dǎo)致稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)無(wú)法有效監(jiān)控稅源。
        (2) 稅收征管難度大,征收成本高,征管效益差
        納稅對(duì)象數(shù)量龐大、稅源分散、流動(dòng)性強(qiáng)、就業(yè)失業(yè)變化快、缺乏依法納稅意識(shí)、不懂法律,或善于利用法律、稅收法制的不健全而千方百計(jì)少繳稅款等特點(diǎn),稅收征管難度極大,耗費(fèi)的人力、財(cái)力、物力多,稅務(wù)部門(mén)稅收收入耗費(fèi)的稅收征收成本高,征管效益差,F(xiàn)行所得稅在較弱的征管環(huán)境下無(wú)法發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的調(diào)節(jié)作用。必須有1套嚴(yán)密的征管制度來(lái)保證。個(gè)人所得稅是所有稅種中納稅人最多的1個(gè)稅種,征管工作量相當(dāng)大。我國(guó)目前實(shí)行的時(shí)代扣代繳和自行申報(bào)兩種征收方法,其申報(bào)、審核、口角制度都不健全。自行申報(bào)制度方面,稅務(wù)部門(mén)無(wú)法獲得個(gè)人收入、財(cái)產(chǎn)的真實(shí)信息,因而對(duì)納稅人不申報(bào)的應(yīng)稅所得,只要沒(méi)人舉報(bào),稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)難以查實(shí)征收;代扣代繳制度方面,在實(shí)踐中沒(méi)有1套行之有效的措施加以制約和保障,許多扣繳義務(wù)人不認(rèn)真、嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行扣繳義務(wù),有的甚至為了自己的利益,故意隱瞞納稅人收入或故意為納稅人分散收入,逃避納稅義務(wù)。
        從我國(guó)征收實(shí)踐來(lái)看,工薪所得由于收入相對(duì)比較規(guī)范和透明,代扣代繳情況較好,管理也較到位,其偷稅漏稅的比例較低,征收率相對(duì)較高,而工薪所得并非應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)的高收入主要來(lái)源,據(jù)國(guó)家稅務(wù)總局統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,2004年,我國(guó)的個(gè)人所得稅收入結(jié)構(gòu)中,來(lái)自工薪所得占42.86%,利息、股息、紅利所得占28.7%,個(gè)體工商戶(hù)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)所得占20.12%.這3個(gè)項(xiàng)目的收入占個(gè)人所得稅總收入的97.68%,而其他所得項(xiàng)目的收入只占總收入的8.32%.現(xiàn)行征管手段對(duì)高收入的主要來(lái)源如資本所得、勞務(wù)所得等缺乏有力的監(jiān)督管理,使高收入者反而比低收入者稅負(fù)低,從而扭曲了稅負(fù)的分配,1定程度上加大了收入差距。
        (3)征管手段落后,個(gè)人所得稅偷稅漏稅現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重
        由于征管手段落后,個(gè)人所得稅的偷稅漏稅現(xiàn)象10分普遍,偷稅漏稅方法層出不窮,令稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)防不勝防。以下便是個(gè)人所得稅偷稅漏稅的幾種較為普遍的現(xiàn)象:

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