葉圣陶我坐了木船英譯賞析

葉圣陶我坐了木船英譯賞析

　　抱著書生之見，我決定坐木船。木船比不上輪船，更比不上飛機，千真萬確�？墒墙^對不用找關系，也無所謂黑票。下面是小編分享的散文《我坐了木船》賞析，歡迎閱讀!

　　我坐了木船

　　I Took a Wooden Boat

　　葉圣陶

　　Ye Shengtao

　　從重慶到漢口，我坐了木船。

　　木船危險，當然知道。一路上數不清的灘，礁石隨處都是，要出事，隨時可以出。還有盜匪——實在是最可憐的同胞，他們種地沒得吃，有力氣沒處出賣，當了兵經常餓肚皮，無可奈何只好出此下策。——假如遇見了，把鋪蓋或者身上衣服帶下去，也是異常難處的事兒。

　　I took a wooden boat from Chongqing to Hankou.

　　Of course I know it is risky to travel by wooden boat. With countless shoals and reefs to negotiate, accidents may happen any time. To complicate matters, there are bandits lurking around-those pitiful fellow countrymen who, unable to ward off starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot, have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort. I'll be in a real fix if they should rob me of, say, my bedding or clothes.

　　要點：

　　1，“一路上數不清的灘，礁石隨處都是，要出事，隨時可以出。”此句乍看沒有主語，隱藏主語為“意外事件”，因此譯為With countless shoals and reefs to negotiate, accidents may happen any time. with句交代背景~

　　2，“種地沒得吃，有力氣沒處出賣，當了兵經常餓肚皮”是指這些人不管干什么都免不了挨餓，譯為unable to ward off(避開，防止) starvation by farming or soldiering or whatnot(等等)

　　3，“無可奈何只好出此下策”譯為have been reduced to the disreputable business as a last resort.其中，disreputable business(不體面的行為)指“下策”，reduced to意為“被逼從事…”(之前我們在《背影》中也見到過be in reduced circumstances這個表述，意為“光景慘淡”),as a last resort 意為“作為最后一招”。

　　4，be in a real fix 意為“陷入困境”或“尷尬”~多讀大師的翻譯我們可以發現，高境界的譯文很大程度上是靠這些不常見的小詞撐起來的~

　　但是，回轉來想，從前沒有輪船，沒有飛機，歷來走川江的人都坐木船。就是如今，上上下下的還有許多人在那里坐木船，如果統計起來，人數該比坐輪船坐飛機的多。

　　Now, on reflection, I realize that in the days before steamers and aircraft came into use, people used to travel by wooden boat up and down the Sichuan section of the Yangtze River. Even today, many continue to do so, and statistic will invariably show a higher percentage of people travelling by wooden boat than by steamer or aircraft.

　　要點：

　　1，“回轉來想”譯為on reflection(反思，回想)

　　2,看到up and down許多童鞋會下意識地反應為“上上下下”，其實它也有“來來往往”之意

　　3，“在那里坐木船”譯為中的“那里”一定要講明是川江，即the Sichuan section(地區地段) of the Yangtze River，之前《背影》中的“那年冬天”也譯為“In the winter of more than two years ago”，隨時都要有身為一個譯者的自覺~

　　4，statistic will invariably show=“據統計”，新說法~換掉你的according!

　　5,“(數量)比…多”=“(比率)比…高”，譯為a higher percentage (of)…than…，又是一個新表述，如According to the table above , compared with volleyball, basketball has a higher percentage.

　　(與排球相比，籃球的比例更大)

　　人家可以坐，我就不能坐嗎?我又不比人家高貴。至于危險，不考慮也罷。輪船飛機就不危險嗎?安步當車似乎最穩妥了，可是人家屋檐邊也可以掉下一張瓦片來。要絕對避免危險就莫要做人。

　　Why shouldn't I do the same? Why should I think it beneath myself to travel by wooden boat? As for safety, is it less dangerous to travel by steamer or aircraft? Going on foot seems to be the best choice, but a tile falling off the eaves of somebody's house might prove equally disastrous to foot passengers. Enjoying absolute safety is humanly impossible.

　　1，“人家可以坐，我就不能坐嗎?”是一個反問句，根據意思譯為Why shouldn't I do the same?

　　2，“輪船飛機就不危險嗎?”是另一個反問句，譯為is it less dangerous to travel by steamer or aircraft?它的意思等同于Isn’ it dangerous to travel by streamer or aircraft?

　　3，“要絕對避免危險就莫要做人”譯為Enjoying absolute safety is humanly impossible. humanly意為“從做人的角度看”，我等平民一定會將這句話當做一個條件句來處理，然而譯者轉換說法，讓這句話譯得很妙，嬸嬸地感受到了自己和大師的差距~

　　要坐輪船坐飛機，自然也有辦法。只要往各方去請托，找關系，或者干脆買張黑票。先說黑票，且不談付出超過定額的錢，力有不及，心有不甘，單單一個“黑”字，就叫你不愿領教。

　　It stands to reason that I can go by steamer or aircraft if I care to. I can simply go around fishing for help or personal connections, or just buy a "black" ticket. But I'll have to pay more than the regular price for a "black" ticket, which I can ill afford and which I disdain to do. And the very word "black" generates in me a feeling of repulsion.

　　要點：

　　1，“自然也有辦法”譯為it stands to reason that…(自然)

　　2，“請托，找關系”譯為fish for help or personal connection,本文關于“請托”的表述很多，童鞋們注意積累

　　3，“且不談付出超過定額的錢，力有不及，心有不甘。”根據意思翻為But I'll have to pay more than the regular price for a "black" ticket, which I can ill afford and which I disdain to do.意為“我不得不付超過定額的錢，這些錢我付不起也不愿意付”。這種將三個分句融進一個句子的手法值得學習。

　　4，Can ill afford 意為“難以提供”，如：I can ill afford it.

　　這我辦不到。(又是一個can’t 的進階版~

　　5，四字短語，一般是根據意思翻譯的，文中“心有不甘”意即“不屑一顧”，譯為disdain to do。Disdain意為“蔑視，(￣_,￣ )不屑”常和for搭配，如：I have nothing but disdain for such a person.

　　對這種人我只是蔑視。

　　6，“the very word "black" generates in me a feeling of repulsion”中generate in sb a feeling of有木有很熟悉，之前在《艱難的國運與雄健的國民》中這個表述也有出境哦~

　　7，very word 中的very 無實際意義，這哥們兒就是來加強加強語氣的，有時可以譯為“正是，恰恰”，如：Soft, is the very word for her eye.(柔媚正是描寫她眼神的字眼。)

　　“黑”字表示作弊，表示越出常軌。你買黑票，無異同作弊，贊助越出常軌。一個人既不能獨立轉移風氣，也該在消極方面有所自守，邦同作弊，贊助越出常軌的事兒，總可以免了吧，——這自然是書生之見，不免通達的人一笑。

　　"Black" signified fraud or illegal practice. Buying a "black" ticket is as good as getting involved in a fraud or an illegal practice. If it is beyond one's capacity to single-handedly stem the prevailing social evils, one should at least be self-disciplined so as not to make matters worse. All this is undoubtedly the pedantic view of bookish person—a view which must sound ridiculous to all sensible gentlemen.

　　要點：

　　1， signify=表明，說明;預示，表達~他的小伙伴還有： mean indicate show imply suggest denote(表示，偏重字面上) connote(意味著，暗示，偏重隱含義)

　　2， “無異同”=“無異于”譯為as good as

　　3， “不能夠做某事”=beyond one’s capacity to do, 此外還有“be in no position to do”等表述也可以表示“不能”，不要給我說can’t不要跟我說can’t~(還記得之前有個類似的can ill afford嗎,把它叫出來我們談談 (～ o ～)~

　　4， single-handedly意為“單獨地，單槍匹馬地”

　　5， “風氣”這個詞在翻譯時也很常見，可以根據語境譯為ethos，fashion, climate等詞，此處譯者將其譯為social evils,(社會弊病)

　　6， “書生之見”譯為the pedantic view of bookish person，其中pedantic=impractical,作“不現實的”解

　　7， “通達”即“明事理的”，譯作sensible

　　再說請托找關系，聽人家說他們的經驗，簡直與謀差使一樣的麻煩。在傳達室恭候，在會客室恭候，幸而見了那要見的人，他聽說你要設法買船票，或是飛機票，愛理不理的答復你說，“困難呢……下個星期再來打聽吧……”于是你覺得好像有一線希望，又好像毫無把握，只得挨到下星期再去。

　　Some people have told me from their own experience that soliciting help or speaking personal connections is something as difficult as hunting for a job. You may be kept cooling your heels in a janitor's office or a reception room before an interview is granted. Hearing that you are trying to get a steamer or air ticket, the much sought-after interview may reply in a cold and indifferent manner, "Ah, that's difficult...Come see me next week..." Thereupon you seem to see a ray of hope, and you may also feel totally uncertain of success. All you can do is wait until then.

　　要點：

　　1，注意“請托關系”又粗現啦，這次譯者用了soliciting help or speaking personal connections，其中solicit意為“征求，索求，請求…給與”如：We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support.

　　我們尋求你的持續信任和支持

　　2，“在傳達室恭候，在會客室恭候”譯為You may be kept cooling your heels in a janitor's office or a reception room before an interview is granted.其中cool your heels意為“長等，空等”。

　　3, sought-after意為“吃香的，緊俏的，廣受歡迎的”如：There is no doubt that the Ford Mustang is one of the most highly sought after vehicles in automotive history.

　　毫無疑問，福特野馬是其中最高度追捧的車輛在汽車的歷史。

　　4，“愛理不理的”譯為in a cold and different manner

　　跑了不知多少趟，總算有眉目了，又得往這一處簽字，那一處蓋章，看種種的臉色，候種種的傳喚，為的是得一份充分的證據，可以去換張票子。

　　After making you don't know how many visits, there eventually appear signs of positive outcome. Then you have to go here and there to get a signature or a seal, meet with all sorts of cold reception and wait for all sorts of summonses—all for the purpose of obtaining a useful certificate to buy a ticket with.

　　要點：

　　1，“跑了不知多少趟，總算有眉目了”譯為After making you don't know how many visits, there eventually appear signs of positive outcome.

　　注意其中的you don’t know how是插入語，修飾many。

　　2，“眉目”即“積極的結果”=sign of positive outcome

　　2,“這一處簽字，那一處蓋章”=“跑東跑西地到處簽字蓋章”，譯為go here and there to get a signature or a seal~

　　3，“為的是”譯為all for the purpose of，其中for the purpose of意為“為了”，同義的還有with a view to, with the purpose of,關于目的的表述在翻譯中十分常見，童鞋們要注意積累不同表述，避免翻譯時千篇一律。

　　票子到手，身分可以改變了，什么機關的部屬，什么長的秘書，什么人的本人或是父親，或者姓名仍舊，或者必須改名換姓，總之要與你自己暫時脫離關系。

　　Once with a ticket in hand, your status automatically changes. You can now call yourself the employee of certain government office or certain official's secretary. You can call yourself so-and-so or so-and-so's father. You can either keep your original name or have it changed. In short, you must temporarily break off relations with your old self.

　　要點：

　　1， so-and-so=(指叫不上名字的人、物，或泛指)某某人(或事物)

　　2， “或者姓名仍舊，或者必須改名換姓”，這兩個分句中“姓名”是共同的部分，可以以此來將兩個分句串成一個句子，譯為You can either keep your original name or have it changed.

　　3， Break off多指斷絕關系

　　4， old self意為“舊我”，很文藝的說法~

　　最有味的是冒充什么部的士兵，非但改名換姓，還得穿上灰布棉軍服，腰間束條皮帶。

　　The funniest thing is when you try to pass for a soldier of a certain army unit, you must not only have your name changed, but also wear a grey-cloth cotton-padded army uniform with a leather belt around your waist.

　　要點：

　　1，“最有味的是冒充什么部的士兵”譯為The funniest thing is when you try to pass for a soldier of a certain army unit，其中to pass for作“冒充”的意思，如：The copy he made of the painting can pass for an authentic one.

　　他臨摹的畫足以亂真。

　　2，“穿上灰布棉軍服，腰間束條皮帶”譯作wear a grey-cloth cotton-padded army uniform with a leather belt around your waist.多動詞時，將主要動詞譯為謂語，非主要動詞譯為從句，非謂語，介詞結構~說三遍啊說三遍

　　我聽了這些，就死了請托找關系的念頭。即使餓得要死，也不定要去奉承顏色謀差使，為了一張票子去求教人家，不說我自己犯不著，人家也太費心。

　　All that kills my idea of soliciting help or seeking personal connections. I disdain to go humbly begging for a job even when I am starving, let alone to go asking for other people's help in getting me a mere ticket. Neither is it necessary for me to go to all that trouble, nor should I bother other people for that matter.

　　要點：

　　1，“我聽了這些，就死了請托找關系的念頭”這里譯者轉換主語，巧妙地將“死了找關系的念頭”譯了出來，如果是以“我”做主語，“死了念頭”勢必要轉換說法，譯文傳情達意的效果必然會減少~

　　2，go begging for=go asking for意為請求，尋求

　　3，“不說我自己犯不著，人家也太費心。”譯為Neither is it necessary for me to go to all that trouble, nor should I bother other people for that matter.這里表示“既不…也不…”的倒裝句式neither… nor…需要積累起來哦~如三筆教材中有一句：中國不同任何大國或國家集團結盟，不搞軍事集團，不參加軍備競賽，不進行軍備擴張。譯為China does not form an alliance with any big power or group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arm race and military expansion. 可見，多個“不”連用時，第一個用否定詞，其后用nor ,or連接~以后我們還會遇到其他形式哦~

　　重慶的路又那么難走，公共汽車站排隊往往等上一個半鐘頭，天天為了票子去跑，實在吃不消。再說與自己暫時脫離關系，換上他人的身分，雖然人家不大愛惜名氣，我可不愿濫用那些名氣。我不是部屬，不是秘書，不是某人，不是某人的父親，我是我。我毫無成就，樣樣不長進，我可不愿與任何人易地而處，無論長期的或是暫時的。為了走一趟路，必須易地而處，在我總覺著像被剝奪了什么似的。

　　Going around is hard in the city of Chongqing. You have to queue up for at least 30 minutes or more to get on a bus. It would really be too much for me to go about for the ticket every day. As to the temporary divorce from my old self and the concealing of my identity, I hate to usurp all those designations though other people may think otherwise. I'm neither a government employee, nor a secretary, nor so-and-so, nor so-and-so's father. I am myself. I am just an ordinary man with no urge to do better, so I hate to change places with anybody else, whether for a while or for good. To change places just for the sake of a trip would make me feel like being deprived.

　　要點：

　　1，“重慶的路又那么難走”譯為Going around is hard in the city of Chongqing.此處譯者在翻譯時再次轉換說法，這種手法在本文著實常見啊常見，童鞋們要多體會這種方法帶來的好處~

　　2，“實在吃不消”=too much,又是反話正譯~

　　3，queue up=line up意為“排隊”，還有幾個比較生動的表達，如：wait/stand in line, wait your turn等~

　　4，or more意為“或…以上”，還有一個長得和它差不多的or so意為“大約，左右;與其說…不如說…”

　　5，“我不是部屬，不是秘書，不是某人，不是某人的父親”當當當當~多個否定又來了，譯法參見上面\(^o^)/~

　　5，with no urge to do better字面上意思是“沒有座的更好的欲望”，其實就是沒有上進心嘛~大師把這么墮落的一件事說得如此文雅我也是醉了+_+

　　6，for the sake of意為“為了”，還記得在《中年人的寂寞》里的那個“無所為”是怎么譯的嗎~~是for its own sake,當時還舉了其他的一些栗子，不記得的快去面壁╮(╯_╰)╭

　　至于穿灰布棉衣更為難了，為了走一趟路才穿上那套衣服，豈不褻瀆了那套衣服?褻瀆的人固然不少，我可總不忍——這一套又是書生之見。

　　Wouldn't it be sinful for me to wear the grey-cloth cotton-padded army uniform for nothing more than making a single trip? Though many other people violate the taboo, I for my part cannot bear to do the same. This again is the impractical view of a bookish person.

　　要點：

　　1，“豈不…”=“難道不”又是反問句，此處譯為一般疑問句=Wouldn't it…?此外有時可根據語境譯為isn’t/aren’t/don’t…?如：Don't you know Jim works as a dish washer at a restaurant around the corner?

　　你難道不知道Jim在拐角處的一個飯店做刷盤子的工作嗎?

　　此外，“豈不”也可直接譯為陳述句，如：以隨身之物作賭注豈不更合適。

　　It would be fitting to bet something personal.

　　2，“褻瀆”即“輕慢，冒失”，用在此處略帶諷刺口氣，，譯為“做了不該做的事”，故譯為sinful

　　抱著書生之見，我決定坐木船。木船比不上輪船，更比不上飛機，千真萬確�？墒墙^對不用找關系，也無所謂黑票。

　　It was with this impractical view that I decided to take a wooden boat. It is absolutely true that a wooden boat cannot compare with a steamer, much less an airplane. But there is no need for soliciting help or seeking personal connections, nor the need for the so-called "black" ticket.

　　要點：

　　1，“比不上…更比不上…”=cannot compare with …,much less…其中much less=still less,意為“更不用說，更少，何況”如《中年人的寂寞》中“至于三十歲四十歲以后的朋友中間，顏色分子愈多，友誼分子不免也就愈少了”=And friendship among those aged over 30 becomes correspondingly still less pure as it gets even more coloured.

　　2，“千真萬確”屬于表態度，評論性的詞，漢語中習慣后置，而英語中習慣前置，此句就是一個很好的栗子~

　　3， “不用找關系，也無所謂黑票”，多個否定，小伙伴nor又出現了，第三次了哦，說明它是重要的事情(⊙v⊙)嗯

　　你要船，找運輸行，或者自己到碼頭上去找，找著了，言明價錢，多少錢坐到漢口，每塊錢花得明明白白。在這一點上，我覺得木船好極了，我可以不說一句討情的話，不看一副難看的嘴臉，堂堂正正的憑我的身分東西歸。這是大多數坐輪船坐飛機的朋友辦不到的，我可有這種驕傲。

　　All you need to do is contact the transport company, or go direct to the wharf to look for a wooden boat. Once you have located it, you will know what the fare is from Chongqing to Hankou, and every dollar will be paid for what it is worth, no more, no less. I find the wooden boat super in this respect. I am saved the humiliation of begging for help or the need of confronting the nasty look on somebody's face. I can travel with my true identity. This is something quite beyond the majority of those travelling by steamer or aircraft. I am proud of it.

　　要點：

　　1“每塊錢花得明明白白”=“每塊錢花得都值得”譯為every dollar will be paid for what it is worth，

　　2，super=“頂好的，極好的”(沒錯，就是小主說的那個~

　　3，saved the humiliation of=使免于遭受…的恥辱

　　5， be beyond sb=非某人所能及，之前我們還說了一個beyond one’s capacity to do,這兩個表述有時可互換

　　決定了之后，有兩位朋友特來勸阻，一位從李家沱，一位從柏濱，不怕水程跋涉，為的是關愛我，瞧得起我。他們說了種種理由，預想了種種可能的障害，結末說，還是再考慮一下的好。

　　After I had made up my mind, two friends of mine, in spite of the difficult boat journey all the way from Li Jia Tuo and Bai Bin respectively, came to dissuade me from taking the wooden boat out of concern and respect for me. They enumerated various reasons against my decision as well as various possible mishaps, advising me in the end to re-consider the matter.

　　要點：

　　1， all the way=從遠處，從老遠，特地

　　2， “決定了之后，有兩位朋友特來勸阻，一位從李家沱，一位從柏濱，不怕水程跋涉，為的是關愛我，瞧得起我。”此句分句眾多，要先抽出主要部分即“我的兩位好友勸我不要坐木船”。譯者巧妙地將“一位從李家沱，一位從柏濱，不怕水程跋涉”譯為“in spite of the difficult boat journey all the way from Li Jia Tuo and Bai Bin respectively”，合并成了一句，避免了行文冗長雜亂。

　　3， 根據上下文推斷，此處的“為的是”表的是原因，因此譯為out of，

　　要不說中文博大精深呢，同一個詞在不同語境可以表達不同意思~

　　我真感謝他們，當然不敢說不必再行考慮，只好帶玩笑的說，“吉人天相，”安慰他們激動的心情�，F在，他們接到我平安到達的消息了，他們也真的安慰了。

　　I felt very grateful to them, and of course refrained from showing any reluctance to re-consider the matter. By way of allaying their anxiety, I said jokingly, "A good guy always enjoys Heaven's protection." Now, the subsequence news of my safe arrival in Hankou must have set their mind at rest.

　　要點：

　　1， “當然不敢說不必再考慮”=“當然我也不能說我不想再考慮了”，譯為of course refrained from showing any reluctance to re-consider the matter.

　　2， By way of =by means of,表示“以/通過…的方式”

　　3， “他們接到我平安到達的消息”譯為the subsequence news of my safe arrival in Hankou，又出現了the news of，上次我們見到這哥們是在《中年人》那篇文章中，“我每當聽到一個舊友死去的消息…”譯為the news of…可見the news of 可以表示“聽到/接到…消息”等與“消息”有關的動詞表述~

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