英語(yǔ)專四語(yǔ)法總結(jié)-復(fù)合句
復(fù)合句——名詞性從句
一個(gè)句子起名詞的作用,在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)/介詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),那么這個(gè)句子就是名詞性從句。
1.what/whatever的用法?
考生應(yīng)把握:what是關(guān)系代詞,它起著引導(dǎo)從句并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分這兩個(gè)作用。如:
They lost their way in the forest, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.
(what既引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句又在從句中做主語(yǔ))
Water will continue to be what it is today—next in importance to oxygen.?(what既引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句又在從句中做表語(yǔ))
2.whoever和whomever的.區(qū)別
whoever和whomever相當(dāng)于anyone who,用主格與賓格取決于其在從句中做主語(yǔ)還是做賓語(yǔ)。如:
They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first.?(whoever在從句中做主語(yǔ))
3.有關(guān)同位語(yǔ)從句的問題
(1)引導(dǎo)詞通常為that, 但有時(shí)因名詞內(nèi)容的需要,也可由whether及連接副詞why, when, where, how引導(dǎo)。that不表示任何意義,其他詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。如: The problem, where I will have my college education, at home or abroad, remains untouched.
(2)同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)與先行詞隔開,注意識(shí)別。如:
Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
4.whether與if在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1)主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo);
(2)whether一般多用于賓語(yǔ)從句的肯定式,而if引導(dǎo)的從句可以有否定式;
(3)whether or not可以連在一起用,而if or not則不能,or not只能放在句末;
(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句,if則不能;
(5)賓語(yǔ)從句提至謂語(yǔ)前面時(shí),只能用whether引導(dǎo);
(6)在question, ask后面一般只用whether,question的同位語(yǔ)從句也用whether引導(dǎo);
(7)后接不定式時(shí),只能用whether。
5.動(dòng)詞believe, expect, fancy, imagine, suppose, think后的賓語(yǔ)從句如為否定式,一般將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上。
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