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專四語法考點(diǎn)解析之虛擬語氣
解析，是一個漢語詞語，即剖析；深入分析；拆解分析。下面小編為大家?guī)韺Ｋ恼Z法解析之虛擬語氣，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>
考點(diǎn)一：表示建議、要求、命令等動詞如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語用(should)+動詞原形。
1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)
A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not
2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997
A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be
3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993
A.would be B.could be C.be D.was
4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991
A. Tom to hand in B. that Tom hands in C. that Tom handed in D. that Tom hand in
考點(diǎn)二：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等從句，謂語用(should)+動詞原形。
1. It is necessary that he _hand in___ the assignment without delay.2010
A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in
2. It is absolutely essential that William _continue___ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007
A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues
3. It is imperative that the government _attract_ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006
A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to
4.It is imperative that students _hand in___ their term papers on time.2004?
A. hand in B. would hand in ?C. have to hand in D. handed in?
5. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _for us to be prepared____for that.2003
A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared
考點(diǎn)三：If從句中的虛擬語氣
省略if，從句的語序用到裝，即將were,had或 should移至主語的前面，但否定詞not不前移。
(一)與過去事實(shí)相反：從句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done;
1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much betterresults now.2008
A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get
2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and find a job to support his family.2007
A. had had B. has C. had D. would have
3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995
A. Hadn't he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of
C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of
4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996
A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying
5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000
A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t
6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002
A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998
a. Giving b. To give c. Given d. Being given
8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997
A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away
C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away
9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996
A. Having B. Given C. Giving D. Had
10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995
A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided
11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994
A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized
12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992
A. Hadn't been for B. Had it not been for C. It hadn't been for D. Had not it been for
13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992
A. were not, would not put B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put
14. "Did you hear of his death?'
"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not have died___.”1990
A. had been operated on, might not die B. had been operated on, might not have died
C. were operated on, might not die D. were operated on,- might not have died
(二)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009
A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007
A. could B. should C. must D. can正確答案是陳述語序
3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005
A. would be B. will have been C. was D. Were
4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991
A. would apply B. will apply C. may have applied D. will have applied
(三)與將來事實(shí)相反：從句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
1. _Should ____ you _have____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005
A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had
2. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _if ______left untreated.2000
A. after B. if C. since D. unless
3. If your car would need____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998)
A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need
(四)錯綜條件句，也就是主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間段。根據(jù)歷年真題能看出，一般以考察從句對過去虛擬，而主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬為主，即從句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;
1. If only the patient _had received_____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007
A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving
2._Would you be surprised___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?2004?
A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised
C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised?
考點(diǎn)四：it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。例如:
1. It’s high time we _stopped_ cutting down the rainforests.2006
A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop
2. That was not the first time he _had betrayed_______ us. I think it’s high time we __took______ strong actions against him2005.
A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take
3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”
“I don’t know. But it’s about time _i decided_____on something.” 2002
A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding
4. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _were__able to write letters in English.1999
A. should be B. were C. must be D. are
考點(diǎn)五：其它
1. We consider _it strange that _____ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009
A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange
2. _Be he rich or poor___, I’ll marry him all the same.2004?
A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor?C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor
3. Whether my brother be right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001
A. Is B. Were C. Be D. Would be
4. Home is home, _be it____ ever so homely.1992
A. it is B. it were C. be it D. it be
考點(diǎn)六：much as"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)。
1. Much as _i would have liked to___, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.1999
A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to
考點(diǎn)七：if only, wish, as if/as though引導(dǎo)從句，與過去事實(shí)相反：had + done;與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動詞過去式;與將來事實(shí)相反：could/would + do。
1. If only I _could _play the guitar as well as you! 2006
A would B could C should D might
考點(diǎn)八：would rather/sooner從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的虛擬。
1. The manager would rather his daughter did not work____ in the same office now.
A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work
考點(diǎn)九：On condition that...“只有”“條件是”/lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形動詞。
1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _on condition_______ that he paid me back the following week.2005
A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if
考點(diǎn)十：but for 要不是。。。。就不能。。。
1. _But for____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994
A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for
虛擬語氣在句子中的用法解析
虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達(dá)說話人的愿望、請求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。虛擬語氣在各種結(jié)構(gòu)中的運(yùn)用是歷年三級統(tǒng)考必考的內(nèi)容，考生必須熟練掌握。以下從五個方面介紹。
一、虛擬條件句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用：
虛擬條件句從時(shí)間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與過去事實(shí)相反，與將來事實(shí)可能相反三種情況。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would （或could ,should ,might）加原形動詞。與過去事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would（或could ,should ,might）+have done結(jié)構(gòu)。與將來事實(shí)可能相反的，if 從句用should （或were to ）加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。
1、If a better material _____, the strength of the part 高中語文 would have been increased.
A. had been used
B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
（根據(jù)前面的講解，正確答案為A。） （XXXX年58題）
2、Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. went
�。ù鸢福築。與過去的事實(shí)相反。當(dāng)if從句中含有were, had, should這三個詞時(shí)，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。）（20XX年57題）
二、某些動詞后的賓語從句以及某些名詞后的表語或同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用，這些動詞或名詞包括：
suggest （suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在這些從句中，謂語形式為should加動詞原形，should可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
（答案：B） （20XX年49題）
三、在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：
“It is suggested”, “It is requested”,“It was ordered”, “It is necessary”, “It is essential”, “It is vital”, “It is urgent”,“ It is impossible”, “It is preferable”, “It is advisable”, “It was proposed”等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
A. comes
B. will com
C. come
D. may come
�。ù鸢福篊）（20XX年29題）
四、would rather, as if/though 以及wish后邊that從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用。
1、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. come
B. would come
C. came
D. have come
�。ù鸢福篊。would rather 后面的從句中，動詞用過去式。）（20XX年46題）
2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have know
�。ㄕ_答案為B。在as if/though后邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動詞用過去式；如果表示的是中的過去的動作，用過去完成時(shí)。本句表示對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑。）（20XX年45題）
3、You look as if you had seen a ghost.
（此句中as if 后邊是說話人想象中的動作，所以用過去完成時(shí)。）
4、I wish I knew his address.
�。ㄔ趙ish后邊的從句中，如果指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿瑒釉~用過去式。這句話告訴我們說話人并不知道他的地址。）
5、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college。
A. could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
�。ù鸢笧镃。表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，動詞用過去完成時(shí)。）（2000年32題）
五、在It is （high） time后邊的that從句中，動詞用過去式，表示該做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
（答案為B。）（20XX年31題）
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