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環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令建設(shè)問題研究論文
摘 要
環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令是法院依申請或依職權(quán)，在環(huán)境訴訟案件的最終判決作出前，向環(huán)境損害行為主體發(fā)出的，以禁止其繼續(xù)實(shí)施環(huán)境損害行為或命令其采取必要的補(bǔ)救措施或撤銷具體行政行為為主要內(nèi)容的書面裁定。本文論述的環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度以現(xiàn)行的民事訴訟法基本理念為指導(dǎo)，批判吸收民事訴訟法中關(guān)于訴訟保全的一般程序性規(guī)定，保護(hù)權(quán)利人的絕對權(quán)而產(chǎn)生的一項救濟(jì)制度。通過《環(huán)境法》進(jìn)行規(guī)定，讓程序性規(guī)范通過實(shí)體法進(jìn)行表達(dá)，具有制度創(chuàng)新的示范效應(yīng)。
本文研究從令和禁止令著手，并考察禁止令的發(fā)展歷史，以及英美法系、大陸法系國家關(guān)于禁止令制度的規(guī)定，全面審視我國立法目前關(guān)于禁止令制度的相關(guān)規(guī)定。在此基礎(chǔ)上形成本文對環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令概念以及環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的認(rèn)識。
構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的正當(dāng)性分析主要從法學(xué)理論依據(jù)和事實(shí)依據(jù)入手。公平正義理論和權(quán)利救濟(jì)理論是構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的理論依據(jù)。環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度是對法律公平正義價值的契合與追求；滿足與實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)救濟(jì)當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利及維護(hù)良好生態(tài)環(huán)境的需求。實(shí)踐依據(jù)方面，立法對環(huán)境公益訴訟的肯定和環(huán)保法庭的實(shí)踐探索擴(kuò)大了環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的適用空間；通過試點(diǎn)成功的環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度實(shí)踐總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，為制度研究提供了新的素材和佐證，為程序規(guī)則的具體設(shè)計指明方向。
環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的構(gòu)建主要圍繞基本原則和內(nèi)容設(shè)計兩個方面進(jìn)行。構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁令制度有兩個基本原則，即公平正義原則和利益衡量原則。
前者主要從矯正正義和程序正義兩方面進(jìn)行解讀，既要矯正環(huán)境損害主體的損害行為，從實(shí)體上維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境利益與受害人的權(quán)利；又從程序設(shè)計上為其提供充分保障，合理安排當(dāng)事人的訴訟權(quán)利和義務(wù)。利益衡量原則要求法院依法判案的同時，充分權(quán)衡雙方當(dāng)事人利益，做出合理的價值判斷。在構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度過程中體現(xiàn)實(shí)體的妥當(dāng)性和程序的合法性。
環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的內(nèi)容主要包括禁止令管轄、申請的審查、禁止令的審理、 禁止令的執(zhí)行、禁止令的救濟(jì)五個方面。
關(guān)鍵詞：禁止令，環(huán)境損害，環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令，公平正義，權(quán)利救濟(jì)
ABSTRACT
Injunction of the environmental protection is the written orders issued by a court inaccordance with application or power to actors who pollute or damage environmentaccording to applies of parties before the final judgment, which mainly consists ofprohibiting actors from harming environment or requiring them to adopt someremedial measures or undoing the specific administrative. It is a relief measures toprotect the entity rights of the individual which was based on the current civil litigationbasic concept and the basic framework and critically absorbed general procedural rulesof civil procedure. Establishing the study on the injunction systems of theenvironmental protection in the environmental law has the innovation demonstrationeffect by express the procedural norms through substantive law.
The article discusses the meaning of orders and injunctions firstly. It reviews thedevelopment history of the injunctions and injunction system of Anglo-American lawsystem and continental law system countries; it reviews about injunction system ofrelevant laws and regulations in our country at present. Finally it had the formation ofunderstanding of environmental injunction concept and the system of environmentalinjunction.
Theory of justice and rights relief theory are the theoretical basis of constructingthe system of environmental injunction. The system fits the value of fairness andjustice which is the pursuit of the legal system; it is the meet and implementation to theright remedy of the parties and maintenance requirements of good ecologicalenvironment form the rights relief theory. In practice, the use of space of theenvironmental injunction has been expanded through the affirmation of legislation andpractice explore about environmental public interest litigation. Summing up experienceand lessons through the successful pilot, and provides the new material and evidencefor establishing the system, points out the direction for the design and improvement ofthe rules of procedure.
The construction of environmental injunction system mainly includes two aspects:basic principles and contents.
Justice and interest measure are two basic principles of establishing environmentalinjunction system. Justice principles mainly include two aspects: corrective justice andprocedural justice. It ensures the right of the victim from the entity through correctingthe infringer's infringement behavior; At the same time it provides security from aprocedure to reasonably arrange of the litigation rights and obligations of the parties.
Principle of benefit measure asks the court to measure both parties'interests, and makereasonable value judgment. Principle of benefit measure expresses legitimacy of theentity and reasonable procedure in the environmental injunction system.
Environmental injunction's content includes five aspects that the jurisdiction of theinjunction, the review of application, the judge of applies, the enforcement of rules andthe relief of injunction.
Key words: injunction, environmental damages, injunction of the environmentalprotection, environmental justice, right remedies
目 錄
中文摘要
英文摘要
1 引 言
2 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度概述
2.1 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的概念
2.2 禁止令制度的歷史探源
2.2.1 羅馬法禁令
2.2.2 國王令狀
2.2.3 衡平法禁止令
2.3 我國立法關(guān)于禁止令的規(guī)定
2.3.1 民事基本法中關(guān)于禁止令的規(guī)定
2.3.2 特別法關(guān)于禁止令的規(guī)定
2.4 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的立法定位
2.4.1 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的性質(zhì)
2.4.2 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的目標(biāo)
2.4.3 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的適用范圍
2.5 相似概念的比較
2.5.1 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令與財產(chǎn)保全的區(qū)別
2.5.2 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令與先予執(zhí)行的區(qū)別
3 構(gòu)建我國環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的正當(dāng)性分析
3.1 構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的法理學(xué)依據(jù)
3.1.1 法的正義價值理論
3.1.2 權(quán)利救濟(jì)理論
3.2 構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的實(shí)踐依據(jù)
3.2.1 立法對環(huán)境公益訴訟的肯定
3.2.2 試點(diǎn)試行“禁止令”制度的成功先例
4 域外禁止令制度考察及啟示
4.1 英美法系禁止令制度考察
4.1.1 英國臨時禁令制度
4.1.2 美國的禁令制度
4.2 大陸法系禁止令制度考察
4.2.1 德國的假處分制度
4.2.2 日本的保全制度
4.3 域外禁止令制度考察對我國的啟示
5 我國環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的具體構(gòu)建
5.1 構(gòu)建環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的基本原則
5.1.1 公平正義原則
5.1.2 利益衡量原則
5.2 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令制度的內(nèi)容
5.2.1 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的管轄
5.2.2 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的審查
5.2.3 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的審理
5.2.4 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的執(zhí)行
5.2.5 環(huán)境保護(hù)禁止令的救濟(jì)
結(jié) 語
致 謝
參考文獻(xiàn)
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