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考研英語閱讀如何復(fù)習(xí)
坊間流傳英語是的閱讀者得天下，各位考研人只要稍有留心便知閱讀在考研英語中所占的比例，也就曉得此言不虛。閱讀作為單詞、詞組、語法等英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)的綜合考察項(xiàng)目，在沖刺階段要想有所突破，就必須抓住“一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)注意、三個(gè)重視、四個(gè)原則和五個(gè)基本考點(diǎn)”。下面就和小編一起來看一下吧!
【一個(gè)中心】
所謂一個(gè)中心主要包含兩個(gè)方面：
一、一篇文章有一個(gè)中心，全文均是圍繞文章中心展開。
閱讀理解中，廣大考生首先面臨的難題之一，就是如何在讀完文章之后，有效地提煉出文章的中心。其實(shí)提煉中心的方法早在我們中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)語文的時(shí)候，老師已經(jīng)教給我們。文章中心可以概括為一句或者幾句話。有的文章在一開始就會(huì)開門見山提出文章的中心。有的文章第一段進(jìn)行背景介紹，進(jìn)而在第二段提出文章中心。但是，有的文章也需要考生讀完之后，自己通過對(duì)各段疊加，概括出文章的中心思想。如果考生讀完文章之后，仍然無法提煉出文章的中心，那么一定要找出反映文章中心思想的詞語(或詞組)，即所謂的“核心詞”。這個(gè)核心詞往往會(huì)在每個(gè)段落反復(fù)提到，以名詞居多。
★閱讀小貼士：注意高頻詞匯或詞組。有些時(shí)候，高頻詞匯或詞組以不同的形式出現(xiàn)，它們很可能是本篇短文的中心或關(guān)鍵問題或事物。
【例如】The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anticompetitive force? ”
通過略讀我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)文章的中心詞/詞組為the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions, the process, this process, the wave of business concentration.文章頓時(shí)變得一目了然。
二、一個(gè)段落會(huì)有一個(gè)中心
英語文章段落會(huì)有嚴(yán)格的成分構(gòu)成。一般說來，英語的一個(gè)段落由三部分構(gòu)成：主題句+擴(kuò)展句+結(jié)尾句
1、所謂主題句是指一個(gè)段落的中心思想句，往往位于句首。
2、所謂擴(kuò)展句是指解釋、論證、說明主題句的句子，最為明顯的標(biāo)志詞如for example, for instance等。
3、所謂結(jié)尾句是指總結(jié)陳述主題句的句子，往往可以省略。因此，讀文章的過程中，每個(gè)段落的首末句要放慢速度，尤其是首句一定要放慢速度。當(dāng)然任何規(guī)則也都會(huì)有例外。有些時(shí)候，文章段落不會(huì)出現(xiàn)主題句，需要讀者自己去提煉。
【例如】Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” say John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
很明顯In Manhattan,----和In San Francisco,----這兩句話構(gòu)成了對(duì)Home prices are holding steady in most regions.這句話的解釋，通過兩個(gè)城市房?jī)r(jià)的變化，來論證說明為什么房?jī)r(jià)在許多地區(qū)仍然比較穩(wěn)定。所以我們也就不難做出下面的題目
53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (lines 3-4, paragraph 3) the author is talking about .
A. gold market
B. real estate
C. stock exchange
D. venture investment
★閱讀小貼士：注意路標(biāo)詞即過渡詞。路標(biāo)詞或詞組，可以幫助考生有效理解作者思想的具體銜接和轉(zhuǎn)折過渡等，從而有效把握前后句之間的關(guān)系。最常見的過渡詞有：
1、此外besides=moreover=furthermore=in addition
2、更重要的是more than that; 同樣重要的是equally important; 更more/less
3、而且/并且and; 而且，也also
4、表先后順序：first, second/next
5、同樣： likewise; 或者alternatively
6、因此，表“因果”so=therefore=thus=consequently=accordingly=as a result=and so
7、總而言之，表“結(jié)論”as a result=finally=above all=after all=concluding=hence=to sum up=in conclusion
8、但是;表“轉(zhuǎn)折”but= yet= however= on the other hand= while= nonetheless= nevertheless= otherwise
盡管although= though= despite= instead= in spite of= on the contrary= notwithstanding= rather= in contrast
9、表“空間位置”near, far, beside, next to, above, under, behind, in front of, across, on the side of
10、表“目的”for this purpose, so that, in order to
11、表“強(qiáng)調(diào)”in fact, indeed, surely, certainly, to be sure, I am certain
12、表“舉例”for example= for instance= such as= specifically= to be specific= in particular= to illustrate this= thus
13、表“條件”in that case, that being so, in these circumstances, if, unless, otherwise
【兩個(gè)注意】
主要是指，讀文章的過程中，有些內(nèi)容可以一帶而過，加快閱讀速度。
一、注意“放過”
考試過程中，如果遇到難詞或難句，考生可以稍作停頓進(jìn)行考慮，如果仍然無法理解，那么就需要迅速放過去。包括在做題的過程中，有些題目本身難度很大，可以先放一放，其他題目做完之后再做該題目還是不錯(cuò)的。
二、注意“刪除”：就是可以迅速讀過去，無需停頓。
1、插入語
(1)特征：通常情況下主謂之間用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)或者雙破折號(hào)引起的成分，稱為插入語。
【例如】We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.
(2)作用：
�、偻怀鲋髡Z：Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain't broke, don't fix it.”
�、诮忉屨f明：The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers— to say what was good or bad about the Corporation.
2、人名、地名后的修飾成分
【例如】Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.
句子中黑體下劃線處就可以完全省略不看，加快閱讀速度。
★ 閱讀小貼士：閱讀理解中，遇到人名、地名一律簡(jiǎn)寫。
【例如】Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
句中黑體下劃線處可以簡(jiǎn)單理解為B和E城市。
3、舉例處
(1)for example; for instance; such as
這種舉例目的在于論證論點(diǎn)，而論點(diǎn)往往位于論據(jù)之前，因此，for example/instance和such as 這種舉例標(biāo)志詞引導(dǎo)的句子往往是非重點(diǎn)，前面的論點(diǎn)句子才更為重要。
(2)first; second/ next/ moreover/ in addition/ furthermore
這種舉例論證處，由于例子超過了一個(gè)，因此比較符合命題規(guī)律。如果閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)first, 一定會(huì)有第二個(gè)例子(甚至更多的例子)出現(xiàn)，標(biāo)志詞不僅僅只限于second, 還有next, moreover, in addition, furthermore等。
★閱讀小貼士：“2快1慢”。第一、初次瀏覽文章要快：把握文章主旨大意;第二、檢索信息、尋找答案要快;第三、找到有關(guān)句子或段落，需要仔細(xì)研究理解要放慢速度。
【三個(gè)重視】
三個(gè)重視，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)在做題的過程中，如何更為有效地排除干擾選項(xiàng);特別是在選項(xiàng)看不懂的情況下，往往需要重視以下三點(diǎn)。
一、感情色彩詞
所謂“感情色彩詞”是指，句子的表述總會(huì)帶有作者的感情色彩，最為明顯的感情色彩可以分為好與壞。根據(jù)好與壞的感情色彩進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)排除，可以避免做題的時(shí)候遇到不會(huì)的問題亂蒙的現(xiàn)象。
【例如】5. According to the author, the American economic situation is .
A. not as good as it seem.
B. At its turning point
C. Much better than it seems
D. Near to complete recovery
原 文：Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are pre-siding over is for real.
解題：根據(jù)劃線處，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該句中“harder to do sth”表示的感情色彩是不好的，根據(jù)這一線索，我們很自然地就會(huì)選出A選項(xiàng)。
二、語氣詞
1、含有委婉選項(xiàng)詞(may; might; be likely to do; be unlikely to do)的選項(xiàng)保留
2、絕對(duì)選項(xiàng)詞(only, all)的選項(xiàng)往往首先排除。特別是在做推斷題目時(shí)這一招，非常管用。
【例如】what can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?
A. people no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
通過觀察選項(xiàng)，我們可以初步確定C選項(xiàng)為我們青睞的選項(xiàng)，而答案選C。
三、時(shí)態(tài)
考研閱讀理解，選項(xiàng)的時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)于答案的正誤產(chǎn)生直接性影響。一般說來
1、have done表示已經(jīng)完成，事情已經(jīng)做了;did也表示事情已經(jīng)做過。
2、doing表示事情正在進(jìn)行中。
3、will, may表示事情將要做，還沒有做。
所以考生在考試中一定要看清楚原文句子的時(shí)態(tài)，否則，做題會(huì)因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)的混淆選錯(cuò)答案。
【例如】From the passage we can infer that ?
A. reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate
B. creationists do not base their argument on reasoning
C. evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialist
D. creationism is supported by scientific findings
原文：and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
解題：這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)含有虛擬語氣的句子，還原一下語序可以變?yōu)椋?/p>
If reason were the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate, all would be well.
翻譯：如果理性是神創(chuàng)論和進(jìn)化論爭(zhēng)論的唯一評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，那么認(rèn)識(shí)事物都可以被很好的予以解決。
虛擬是一種假設(shè)，即這件事情目前根本不存在，不能構(gòu)成事實(shí)。所以，選項(xiàng)A在時(shí)態(tài)上就與原文不符，應(yīng)該首先予以排除。
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