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2017考研英語(yǔ)閱讀基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備
英語(yǔ),作為一門非常重要語(yǔ)言工具的應(yīng)用,是不能臨陣磨槍的。英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)和提高是個(gè)日積月累、厚積薄發(fā)的過(guò)程,也是逆水行舟、不進(jìn)則退的過(guò)程。為此,YJBYS小編給大家介紹下如何做好考研英語(yǔ)閱讀的基礎(chǔ)工作。
第一、真題閱讀文章的特點(diǎn):
a.六大期刊來(lái)源:
The Economist
Time
Scientific American
Harvard Business Review
Business Week
Newsweekb.
體裁: 議論文;說(shuō)明文
c.題材:社會(huì)生活;商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);文化教育;科普知識(shí)
d.文章結(jié)構(gòu):引入:一個(gè)人;一句話;一件事;一個(gè)現(xiàn)象;一個(gè)對(duì)比;一個(gè)比照;
論述:論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)
呼應(yīng):重申論點(diǎn);提出建議
e.句間段間四大關(guān)系:承接,并列,例證,轉(zhuǎn)折
f.觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí):包含觀點(diǎn)詞或主觀價(jià)值判斷詞或虛擬語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子一定是觀點(diǎn)。
g.作者觀點(diǎn):I+觀點(diǎn)詞=作者觀點(diǎn)
Few+觀點(diǎn)詞=作者觀點(diǎn)
Someone+觀點(diǎn)詞+觀點(diǎn)(作者會(huì)認(rèn)同,反對(duì)或者中性)
文中無(wú)人認(rèn)領(lǐng)的觀點(diǎn)就是作者的觀點(diǎn)
第二、正確的解題步驟時(shí)間分配:每篇16分鐘最佳,最多20分鐘。
第一步:閱讀題干,確定題型,推測(cè)論題;40-50秒
第二步:通讀全文,把握重點(diǎn),確定觀點(diǎn);
重點(diǎn)讀:首段、各段首末句、轉(zhuǎn)折處。
非重點(diǎn):例子、數(shù)據(jù)。
第三步:再讀題干,回文定位,同義替換;
定位詞的優(yōu)先考慮順序:
1、首先標(biāo)出明確告訴位置的題目所在(某段某行)
2、專有名詞,包括人名、地名、書(shū)名及帶引號(hào)的詞等
3、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、時(shí)段(包括某些介詞短語(yǔ))
4、較長(zhǎng)、較復(fù)雜的詞組(名詞動(dòng)詞詞組優(yōu)先)
5、重要的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等實(shí)詞
6、條件詞、因果詞、比較詞等虛詞(起輔助作用)
第四步:比對(duì)選項(xiàng),合理排除,找出最佳;
兩個(gè)閱讀原則:
1.尋讀---解題過(guò)程中起著一個(gè)定位的作用。
2.精讀---與題干相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句,針對(duì)考題中的某些信息或難點(diǎn)做具體細(xì)致的解析。
第三、高效的解題技巧---六大題型深度簡(jiǎn)約剖析
考試意義上的閱讀理解它是一種定向理解,即要求考生在閱讀短文后回答命題人設(shè)計(jì)的理解題,與考題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容則可以不理解。站在命題人角度去分析閱讀理解題題型,并掌握不同題型的特點(diǎn)及答題要求。閱讀理解題型大致可以歸納為以下六類:細(xì)節(jié)題,推理題,態(tài)度題,主題題,語(yǔ)義題及例證題。
細(xì)節(jié)題: 70%
事實(shí)識(shí)別;觀點(diǎn)識(shí)別;因果識(shí)別;which題型
1、題干提示詞:which,what,why,who,how,how many, cause, because, result, true, not true, mention, not mention等。
2、解題核心技巧
a.定位:根據(jù)題干的定位詞回文定位,尋找線索句。
特別提示:題目順序與文章順序基本一致,視情況靈活處理。
b.替換:將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與線索句一一比對(duì),表達(dá)方式不同意思最為接近的選項(xiàng)就是正確答案。
c.排除:排除干擾選項(xiàng),再次確定正確選項(xiàng)。
例如:21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as( ) 2012 text 1
[A] a supplement to the social cure
[B] a stimulus to group dynamics
[C] an obstacle to school progress
[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors
Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.
解析:選D, 因?yàn)楸绢}是細(xì)節(jié)題的同意替換:cause=lead to; undesirable=no good; behaviors=drinking, drugs and casual sex。A,B是Rosenberg個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),且是文中句子的偷換概念,C在本段是無(wú)中生有。
推理題:
1、題干提示詞:infer,imply,conclude,suggest,indicate等出現(xiàn)在題干中時(shí),基本判定為推理題。
2、根據(jù)推理判斷題的性質(zhì)和出題范圍,我們可以大致把這種題型分為三種類別:
A、局部推理題,文章的一句話或幾句話、抑或是一兩個(gè)段落,是相對(duì)比較容易快速定位的推理題,題干提示詞,如believe, imply, according to the author等。
例如:It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that__. (2007)
The statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph 1) implies that__. (2005)
B、全文推理題,這種題型一般不僅是考查對(duì)于全文中心思想的推理,同樣也是考查對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理,只不過(guò)是這些細(xì)節(jié)散布在文章的各個(gè)角落,需要考生進(jìn)行全面的歸納。
例如:The text suggests that immigrants now in the US_. (2006)
It can be inferred from the text that public services_. (2002)
C、細(xì)節(jié)性推理題,這種題型是細(xì)節(jié)題和推理題的綜合 ,一般的問(wèn)法為which of the following is true,或者Which of the following is not true等,要求考生找到符合原文信息的選項(xiàng),而且四個(gè)選項(xiàng)所涉及的內(nèi)容可能分布在文章各個(gè)段落,需要考生迅速定位并進(jìn)行推理判斷。
3、解題技巧。
1.定位:精讀題干,尋找定位詞,充分了解題目要求我們進(jìn)行推理和判斷的內(nèi)容;
2.替換:將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與線索句進(jìn)行比對(duì),要理解文章的字面意思,弄清上下文的整體邏輯,表達(dá)方式不同,意思最為接近的選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng);
3.排除:主題大于細(xì)節(jié),觀點(diǎn)大于論據(jù),特別關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折處;
例如:36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that( )2012text4
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.
[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
解析:選C,由紅色字體我們可以推斷出C為正確答案。A用現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)迷惑大家,文章的基調(diào)是過(guò)去時(shí)。B段中第一句是條件狀語(yǔ)從句:如果工會(huì)會(huì)員Hoffa還健在的話,他會(huì)代表公務(wù)員。從這句我們不能推斷出他曾經(jīng)是公務(wù)員。D中政府與工會(huì)會(huì)員的關(guān)系,在本段并沒(méi)有提到。
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