感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)英文翻譯
在早期的感恩節(jié)晚餐中，當(dāng)時(shí)的移民和美洲土著會(huì)用各種農(nóng)作物，比如玉米、南瓜、土豆、山藥、甚至小麥等所有可能的材料去制作面包，然后一起享用。
【感恩節(jié)由來(lái)介紹英文】
Thanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals.
A time of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian corn, holidayparades and giant balloons.
在美國(guó)，感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)感謝恩賜，家庭團(tuán)聚，合家歡宴的日子;是一個(gè)家家餐桌上都有火雞、填料、南瓜餡餅的日子;是一個(gè)充滿了印第安玉米、假日游行和巨型氣球的日子。
The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect).
They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution.
There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly.
Seeking abetter life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to financea pilgrimage to America.
Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
乘 “五月花”來(lái)到這個(gè)國(guó)度的旅行者(朝圣者)原本是英國(guó)分離者地下教會(huì)清教徒，他們的家在英國(guó)，因不堪忍受國(guó)內(nèi)的宗教迫害，他們逃亡到荷蘭。
在荷蘭，他們享受了更多的宗教信仰自由，但最終卻意識(shí)到在荷蘭的這種生活方式是對(duì)他們的主的褻瀆。為了尋求更好的生活，他們與倫敦貿(mào)易公司協(xié)商，由該公司資助他們到美國(guó)。
在這趟旅途中，船上只有大約1/3的乘客是清教徒，其他大多數(shù)人并非分離派清教徒，而是公司雇傭來(lái)保護(hù)其利益的人員(契約奴)。
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating.
At the beginning of thefollowing fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one.
And the remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast ——including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year.
Itis believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year withoutthe help of the natives.
The feast was more of a traditional English harvestfestival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.
1620年 12月11日，旅行者們?cè)?ldquo;普利茅斯石”登陸。他們的第一個(gè)冬季是災(zāi)難性的，第二年秋天來(lái)臨時(shí)，原來(lái)的102名乘客只剩下56人。
但1621年他們獲得了大豐收，這些幸存的殖民者們決定和幫助他們度過(guò)困難的91名印第安人一起饗宴慶祝。
他們相信，若沒(méi)有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膸椭麄兪遣豢赡芏冗^(guò)這一年的。這次節(jié)日的盛宴不僅僅是一個(gè)“感恩”儀式，它更像英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的豐收慶典。慶典持續(xù)了三天。
Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks andgeese.
It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain that they had venison.
The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
總督布雷德福派了“四人捕鳥(niǎo)隊(duì)”去捕捉野鴨和野鵝。我們現(xiàn)在并不能確定是否有野生火雞在當(dāng)時(shí)的筵席上，但筵席上肯定有鹿肉。當(dāng)時(shí)，朝圣者用“火雞”一詞來(lái)代表各種野禽。
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread orpastries of any kind.
However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes, or butter.
There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous.But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit,clams, venison, and plums.
現(xiàn)在，幾乎每家感恩節(jié)餐桌上都有南瓜餡餅――感恩節(jié)的另一種主食。但在當(dāng)年的第一次慶典上卻不可能有這種食品。因?yàn)槊娣燮嫒�，所以面包、餡餅、糕點(diǎn)等食物都沒(méi)有。
但他們卻吃了煮南瓜，并用收獲的玉米制成了一種油炸面包。也沒(méi)有牛奶、蘋(píng)果酒、土豆和黃油。
沒(méi)有馴養(yǎng)的奶牛，自然沒(méi)有牛奶;而新發(fā)現(xiàn)的土豆被很多歐洲人認(rèn)為是有毒的。第一次慶典上有魚(yú)、草莓、豆瓣菜、龍蝦、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李子等。
This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain.
When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
緊接著的第二年(1622)卻沒(méi)有舉行“感恩”慶典。到了1623年，發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，朝圣者們聚集到一起，舉行了虔誠(chéng)的祁雨儀式，剛好在第二天，一場(chǎng)充沛的大雨從天而降。威廉布雷德�？偠叫荚俅螒c祝感恩節(jié)，并再次邀請(qǐng)了他們的印第安朋友。
之后數(shù)年無(wú)感恩節(jié)，直到1676年6月，感恩節(jié)才再次被提出。
【感恩節(jié)傳統(tǒng)：許愿與感恩】
making a wish 許愿
does your family fight over the wishbone from the thanksgiving turkey? known as a "lucky break" the tradition of tugging on either end of a fowl's bone to win the larger piece and its accompanying "wish" dates back to the etruscans of 322 b.c. the romans brought the tradition with them when they conquered england and the english colonists carried the tradition on to america.
giving thanks 感恩
thanksgiving is about giving thanks for the people and blessings of the past year.
from pre-meal prayers to providing holiday meals to the homeless, the holiday is truly a celebration of praise and thanksgiving.
【加拿大感恩節(jié)】
加拿大感恩節(jié)的慶�；顒�(dòng)是在十月的第二個(gè)星期一。與美國(guó)人緬懷清教徒先輩定居新大陸的傳統(tǒng)不同，加拿大人主要感謝上天給予的成功的收獲。加拿大的感恩節(jié)早于美國(guó)的感恩節(jié)，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)是，加拿大的收獲季節(jié)相對(duì)于美國(guó)早一些，因?yàn)榧幽么蟾拷辈�。加拿大的感恩�?jié)通常被認(rèn)為受三個(gè)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣的影響。
其一是來(lái)自歐洲傳統(tǒng)的影響。從大約2000年以前最早的一次收獲開(kāi)始，人們就已經(jīng)慶祝豐收，感謝富饒的大自然給予他們的`恩施和好運(yùn)。當(dāng)歐洲人來(lái)到加拿大后，也將這一傳統(tǒng)帶入加拿大，并對(duì)后來(lái)加拿大感恩節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生影響。
其二是英國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家慶祝生存的影響。在清教徒登陸美國(guó)馬薩諸塞的40年之前，加拿大就舉行了第一個(gè)正式的感恩節(jié)。在1578年，一位英國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家命名馬釘法貝瑟(Martin Frobisher)試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)連接?xùn)|方的通道，不過(guò)他沒(méi)有成功。
但是他在現(xiàn)今的加拿大紐芬蘭省建立了定居點(diǎn)，并舉行了一個(gè)慶祝生存和收獲的宴餐。其它后來(lái)的移居者繼續(xù)這些“感恩”儀式。這一次被認(rèn)為是加拿大的第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)。
其三的影響來(lái)自于后來(lái)的美國(guó)。1621年的秋天，遠(yuǎn)涉重洋來(lái)到美洲新大陸的英國(guó)移民，為了感謝上帝賜予的豐收，舉行了3天的狂歡活動(dòng)。從此，這一習(xí)俗就沿續(xù)下來(lái)，并逐漸風(fēng)行各地。在美國(guó)革命其間，美國(guó)一批忠于英皇室的�；庶h遷移到加拿大，也將美國(guó)感恩節(jié)的習(xí)慣和方式帶到了加拿大。
1750年慶祝豐收的活動(dòng)被來(lái)自美國(guó)南部的移居者帶到了新四科舍(Nova Scotia)，同時(shí)，法國(guó)移居者到達(dá)，并且舉行“感恩”宴餐。這些均對(duì)加拿大的感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
1879 年加拿大議會(huì)宣稱11月6日是感恩節(jié)和全國(guó)性的假日。在隨后的年代，感恩節(jié)的日期改變了多次，直到在1957 年1月31日，加拿大議會(huì)宣布每年十月的第二個(gè)星期一為感恩節(jié)，在這一天感謝萬(wàn)能的上帝保佑加拿大并給予豐富的收獲。
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