GMAT寫作布局策略詳解

GMAT寫作布局策略詳解

　　寫作部分是GMAT考試里一個典型的題目，GMAT寫作怎么寫才能夠拿高分，想要拿到高分，作文中段落和句子的布局就很重要了，下面小編就來為大家介紹一下吧!

　　一、我們要瀏覽GMAT作文題目、審題(分析題目的結論、論據和假設)并寫出開頭段

　　審題和開頭段同時進行，一邊看題一邊寫，這不是回避邏輯錯誤，GMAT考試而是將審題、找錯和寫作有機地結合。第一段的任務無非就是指出論題的結論、假設、論據，并指出題目有錯誤。同學們會發現，在我們寫作第一段的時候，邏輯錯誤會不斷的涌現出來，而當我們把有問題的假設以及原論證的邏輯結構清理以后，該論證所存在的所有問題也就都暴露出來了。

　　二、在寫完開頭段并審好題后，大家要趁著頭腦清醒，把主要的邏輯問題都打出來

　　原文可能出現六七個邏輯錯誤，而大家只需要從中挑出3-4個最主要的進行有利的攻擊就可以了。因為這篇文章能不能拿高分，直接取決于與你能否抓住主要邏輯錯誤。也就是說，如果你忽視了非常致命的邏輯錯誤，那么即使你把其它的錯誤批駁得再好，所用的語言再美，字數再多，最后照樣不及格。有人擔心是不是要把所有的錯誤都清理出來，實際上大家只要把主要的錯誤都清理出來，進行有利的攻擊，同樣可以拿到六分，正如ETS的六分例文一樣。這樣做的另一個好處是可以節約時間，因為考生在正文寫作時往往會把順手的段落大寫特寫，力爭在某點上把敵人駁的體無完膚，但是等到意識到有其它的重要邏輯錯誤未被談及的時候，時間卻已經到了。而首先列出提綱則可以提醒我們點到為止，切實做到合理分配時間。與其把一個問題分析的特別透徹，不如把所有的主要問題都涉及到，即使不很透徹，也比前者要好。簡而言之，Argument這部分展開批駁的時候，與其“斷其一指”，不如“傷其四指”。

　　三、在完成了提綱之后，就要逐一展開正文段落了

　　正文段落的展開有兩種的順序，第一種就是先攻擊主要的問題，GMAT寫作在第一個段落批駁最重要的邏輯錯誤，也花最多的筆墨，以后字數和重要性逐級遞減。另外一種就是以論證的邏輯關系為序一層一層的批駁。不論何種方式，都應遵循展開文章的一個整體原則，也就是挑你最有話可說的先說。實際上，順序是可以在檢查時通過剪切和復制調整的。

　　一般情況下都是一段攻擊一個主要的邏輯問題。如果邏輯錯誤很多，那么可以在最后一個正文段集中批判一下，而最后一段中的每個錯誤點到為止即可。對于除此以外的邏輯錯誤，我們都應該至少提供一個能批駁原論證的反例或假設。而對于正文段落(除去開頭段和結尾段)的數量，沒有正確或錯誤之分，但由于每篇官方 Argument文章都含有2個以上的正文段，我們的文章的正文段數量最好應達到2至4段,全篇最好為4至6段,每個正文段針對一個主要的問題, 每段以4-8句話為宜。句子太少會導致論證不充分,而如果一段超過8句必然有重復的內容,論證效果就會有缺陷，因此每段的句子數量并非越多越好。

　　結尾段的功能只有兩個，即再次指出原論證有錯誤，并指出如何能彌補該錯誤。

　　延伸閱讀：GMAT寫作分數低的七個原因

　　第一、樣本不足

　　The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

　　第二、無因果聯系

　　The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.

　　第三、錯誤類比

　　The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....

　　第四、時地全等

　　The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....

　　第五、二者擇一

　　The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.

　　第六、結論無據

　　The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.

　　第七、可疑調查

　　The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that...would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

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