大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題

大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題（精選5卷）

　　無論是在學習還是在工作中，我們最少不了的就是試題了，通過試題可以檢測參試者所掌握的知識和技能。你知道什么樣的試題才是規范的嗎？以下是小編精心整理的大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

　　大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題 1

　　2024英語六級聽力——

　　After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices，mark abc and d then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet one with a single line through the sensor。Conversation one。

　　Thank you for meeting with me，steven at such short notice。

　　not a problem，margaret。Now please give me some good news。Have you agreed to my last proposal？

　　I have indeed and I wish to sign the agreement pending one small change to be made to the contract。

　　Margaret，we have been through this for almost a year now back and forth making alterations。Are you sure you want to make a sponsorship deal for your clients or not？I ask this because frankly，some people at my end are running out of patience。I understand your concerns。

　　but as im sure you understand，we hold our clients best interests to be of the utmost concern。We therefore comb through the fine details of all contracts。Rest assured we all appreciate your firms patience。

　　Fine。So what changes do you wish to make？

　　Essentially，we would like the new deal to exclude the middle east。

　　Thats all the middle east。

　　Why my client has a couple of other perspective marketing deals from companies in the middle east。Those offers should they materialize would exclusively employ my clients image in the middle east only。Therefore，in order to avoid any conflict，we would need to ensure that both marketing campaigns do not overlap geographically。

　　What business sector in the middle east are we talking about here？

　　Real estate.

　　that should be okay then so long as the product is very different from our food and beverage market，there should be no conflict of interest。Nevertheless，I will have to run this through my people。I dont foresee any problem though，the middle east is a negligible market for us，but I still need to check this with a couple of departments。

　　Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard。

　　Question 1，what does the woman say she will do？

　　Question 2，what does the man say about some people he represents？

　　Question 3，what reason does the woman give for the new deal to exclude the middle east？

　　Question 4，what does the man say about the middle east？

　　Next，we have a special science related news story。Paula hancock is at the denver observatory。Paula，what is the big story over there？Hi.john.All the astronomers on site here are very excited。In fact，space enthusiasts all across north america and the rest of the northern hemisphere will be congregated on mountain tops tonight to watch the night sky。

　　Whats the big event？Is there an eclipse happening soon？

　　Tonight the earth will come into close proximity with the oppenheimer comet。It is the closest our planet has been to such a phenomenon in over 100years。For this reason。It is expected that thousands of people will gaze up at the sky tonight in order to see this formidable object。

　　How far away is this common？Will people be able to see it with the naked eye？

　　The oppenheimer comet will still be millions of miles away on the edge of our galaxy。But nevertheless，this is a relatively close distance，close enough for people to observe in good detail through a telescope。People will only see a blur without one。However that does not mean one needs professional equipment。Even the most ordinary of telescopes should be conducive for people to observe and wonder at this flying object。

　　Many of our viewers will be wondering how they too can take part in this once in a lifetime event。Where will this comment be in the sky？How can people find it？

　　The comet will be almost exactly due north at60°above the equator。However，finding the comet is indeed very tricky and scientists here have told me there are plenty of phone apps that will facilitate this。

　　How fantastic？Thank you，paula for the information。

　　Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard。Question five，what does the woman say about all the astronomers at the denver observatory？

　　Question 6，what do we learn from the conversation about the oppenheimer comment？

　　Question 7，what does the woman say？People will only see in the sky without a telescope？

　　Question 8，what do scientists at the denver observatory advise amateurs do to facilitate their observation。

　　single line through the center。Passage one，

　　dietary guidelines form the basis for nutrition advice and regulations around the world。While there is strong scientific consensus around most existing guidelines。One question has recently stirred debate。Should consumers be warned to avoid ultra processed foods？Two papers published today in the american journal of clinical nutrition outline the case for and against using the concept of ultra processed foods to help inform dietary guidelines beyond conventional food classification systems。The authors，carlos monteiro of the university of sao paulo and arna ostrich of novo nordisk foundation。Well discuss the issue in a live virtual debate。August14th，during nutrition，2024live online。The debate centers around a system developed by monteiro and colleagues that classifies foods by their degree of industrial processing，ranging from unprocessed to ultra processed。The system defines ultra processed foods as those made using sequences of processes that extract substances from foods and alter them with chemicals。In order to formulate the final product，ultra processed foods are characteristically designed to be cheap，tasty and convenient。Examples include soft drinks and candy，package snacks and pastries，ready to heat products and reconstituted meat products。Studies have linked consumption of ultra processed foods which are often high in salt，sugar and fat weight gain and an increased risk of chronic diseases，even after adjusting for the amount of salt，sugar and fat in the diet，while the mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood，montero argues that the existing evidence is sufficient to justify discouraging consumption of ultra processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies。

　　Questions 9to11 are based on the passage you have just heard。

　　Question 9，what question is said to have recently stirred debate？

　　Question 10，how does the system developed by montero and colleagues classify foods？

　　Question 11，what is consumption of ultra processed foods linked with according to studies passage two，believe it or not？

　　Human creativity benefits from constraints。According to psychologists，when you have less to work with，you actually begin to see the world differently。It constraints。You dedicate your mental energy acting more resourcefully when challenged you figure out new ways to be better the most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus to leap higher。People who invent new products are not limited by what they dont have or cant do。They leverage their limitations to push themselves even further。Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use。They created innovation based on what was not working for them at the moment。Innovation is a creative persons response to limitation in a 2015study which examined how thinking about scarcity or abundance influences how creatively people use their resources。Ravi matter at the university of illinois and meng zhu at johns hopkins university found that people simply have no incentive to use whats available to them in novel ways。When people face scarcity，they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional ways because they have to obstacles can broaden your perception and open up your thinking processes，consistent constraints，help you improve at connecting unrelated ideas and concepts。Marissa meyer，former vice president for search products and user experience at google。Once wrote in a publication on bloomberg constraints，shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome。Creativity thrives best and constraint。

　　Questions 12to15 are based on the passage you have just heard。

　　Question12，what do psychologists say？People do when they are short of resources，

　　question13，what does the passage say about innovation？

　　Question14.What did a 2015 study by ravi mehta and meng zhu find?

　　question15.What did marissa meyer once write concerning creativity with a single line through the center？

　　Recording one different people use different strategies for managing conflicts。These strategies are learned in childhood。Usually we are not aware of how we act in conflict situations。We just do whatever seems to come naturally，but we do have a personal strategy and because it is learned，we can always change it by learning new and more effective ways of managing conflicts。When you get involved in a conflict，there are two major concerns you have to take into account，achieving your personal goals and keeping a good relationship with the other person，how important your personal goals are， how important the relationship is to you affect how you act in a conflict。Given these two concerns，five styles of managing conflicts can be identified when the turtle turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts。They give up their personal goals and relationships。They believe it is easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it。Two，the shark sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict they seek to achieve their goals at all costs。Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing。Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement losing gives them a sense of weakness，inadequacy and failure。Three，the teddy bear。Teddy bears want to be accepted and liked by other people。They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony and believe that conflicts cannot be discussed without damaging relationships。They give up their goals to preserve the relationship for the fox foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and about their relationships，with other people。They give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his goals。They seek a solution to conflicts where both sides gain something5，the owl owls view conflicts as problems to be solved。They see conflicts as improving relationships by reducing tension between two people。They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem by seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person。Owls maintain the relationship。Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves their own goals and the other persons goals。And they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved。

　　Questions 16to18 are based on the recording you have just heard。

　　Question 16。Why does the speaker say strategies for managing conflicts can always be changed？

　　Question 17，what is said to affect the way one acts in a conflict？

　　Question 18 of the five styles the speaker discusses which views conflicts as problems to be solved?

　　Recording two，the genetic code of all1.5million known species of animals and plants living on earth will be mapped to help save species from extinction and boost human health。Scientists hope that cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases。Slow aging improve crops in agriculture create new bio materials in britain，organizations including the natural history museum，the royal botanic gardens，a queue and the welcome sanger institute have joined forces to sequence britains 66,000 species of animals and plants dubbed the darwin tree of life project。It is expected to take 10 years and cost￡100 million once completed。All the information will be publicly available to researchers。Many scientists believe that earth has now entered the 6th mass extinction with humans creating a toxic mix of habitat loss，pollution and climate change，which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds。Since1500，it is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago。Scientists say that sequencing every species will revolutionize the understanding of biology and evolution，bolster efforts to conserve as well as protect and restore biodiversity。Doctor tim littlewood，head of life sciences department at the natural history museum said whether you are interested in food or disease，the history of how every organism on the planet has adapted to its environment is recorded in its genetic makeup，how you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it。We will be using modern methods to get a really good window on the present and the past。And course，a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future。Sir jim smith，director of science at welcome said，try as I I cant think of a more exciting，more relevant，more timely or more internationally inspirational project。Since1970，humanity has wiped out60%of animal populations about 23,000of80,000 species surveyed are approaching extinction。We are in the midst of the 6th great extinction events of life on our planet which not only threatens wildlife species，but also imperils the global food supply。As scientists，we all realise we desperately need to catalogue life on a fragile planet。Now I think were making history。

　　Questions19to21 are based on the recording you have just heard

　　question 19.what do scientists hope to do by cracking the genetic code of plants and animals？

　　Question 20，what do many scientists believe with regard to earth？

　　How does sir jim smith，director of science at welcome describe the darwin tree of life project。John dunn，the english poet wrote in the 17th century，no man is an island entire of itself。Every man is a piece of the continent，a part of the main。Now a british academic has claimed that human individuality is indeed just an illusion，because societies are far more interconnected at a mental，physical and cultural level than people realize。In his new book，the self delusion。Professor tom oliver，a researcher in the ecology and evolution group at the university of reading argues there is no such thing as self。 And not even our bodies are truly us. Just as Copernicus realized, the earth is not the center of the universe. Professor Oliver said society urgently needs a Copernican like revolution to understand people are not detached beings, but rather part of one connected identity, a significant milestone in the cultural evolution of human minds was the acceptance that the earth is not the center of the universe, the so called Copernican revolution, he writes, however, we have one more big myth to dispose of that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe. You may feel as if you are an independent individual acting autonomously in the world that you have unchanging inner self that persists throughout your lifetime, acting as a central anchor point with the world changing around you. This is the illusion I seek to tackle. We are intimately connected to the world around us. Professor Oliver argues there are around 37 trillion cells in the body, but most have a lifespan of just a few days or weeks. So the material us is constantly changing. In fact, there is no part of your body that has existed for more than 10 years. Since our bodies are essentially made anew every few weeks, the material in them alone is clearly insufficient to explain the persistent thread of an identity. Professor Oliver claims that individualism is actually bad for society only by realizing we are part of a bigger Entity. Can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems through selfish over consumption? We are destroying the natural world and using non renewable resources at an accelerating rate. We are at a critical crossroads as a species where we must rapidly reform our mindset and behavior to act in less selfish ways. He said so lets open our eyes to the hidden connections all around us.

　　Questions, 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

　　Question 22. What is indeed just an illusion according to professor Tom Oliver?

　　Question 23. What does professor Tom Oliver think of the idea that we exist as independent selves at the center of a subjective universe?

　　Question 24. Why does professor Tom Oliver claim that the material us is constantly changing?

　　Question 25. How can we solve pressing environmental and societal problems? According to professor Tom Oliver.

　　六級翻譯2——

　　中國傳統婚禮

　　Traditional Chinese wedding customs have a long history.Acomplete set of wedding ceremonies were gradually formedin the Zhou Dynasty,and someof them are still in use today.Nowadays,although Chinese wedding conventions havechanged a lot,the ceremony isstill a very grand occasion,when the wedding venue is carefully decorated,with red asthe main color to symbolize happiness,and with many spe-cial objects placed to wish the couple well-being.At thewedding ceremony,the couple should bow to heaven andearth,to their parents and to each other,and afterwardshold a banquet to entertain and toast to the guests.Today,many young people still love the traditional Chinese wed-ding to experience the unique and beautiful Chinese ro-mance.

　　六級作文2——

　　社會實踐和學習同樣重要

　　There is a growing awareness of the equal importance ofsocial practice and academic learning in todays world.Some believe that social practice is thekey to success,whileothers arguethat it is not compulsory for everyone toengage in.Personally,I find the former view morereason-able.

　　Firstly,social practice is essential for students.It allows themto apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-lifescenarios,enhancing their understanding and reinforcingtheir knowledge.For example,participating in internships orvolunteer work can provide students with valuable insightsinto their chosen field and help them develop practical skillsthat cannot be learned from textbooks.Secondly,in theworkplace,employers value individuals who can effectivelycollaborate,communicate,and adapt to different situations.Lastly,in daily life,social practice enables individuals to in-teract effectively with others,resolve conflicts,and make in-formed decisions.

　　In conclusion,social practice and academic learning are ofequal importance in todays world.By recognizing and em-bracing the value of both,we can foster a society thatvaluesknowledge,practical skills,and social responsibility.

　　大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題 2

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to wvrite an essay that begins with the sentence “People are now increasingly aware of the challenges in making a decision when faced with too many choices."You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　1.A)In a food store.

　　B)In a restaurant.

　　C)In a kitchen.

　　D)In a supermarket.

　　2.A)She eats meat occasionally.

　　B)She enjoys cheeseburgers.

　　C)She is a partial vegetarian.

　　D)She is allergic to seafood.

　　3.A)Changing ones eating habit.

　　B)Dealing with ones colleagues.

　　C)Following the same diet for years.

　　D)Keeping awake at morning meetings.

　　4.A)They are both animal lovers.

　　B)They enjoy perfect health.

　　C)They only eat organic food.

　　D)They are cutting back on coffee.

　　Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　5.A)The man had an attitude problem.

　　B)The man made little contribution to the company.

　　C)The man paid attention to trivial things.

　　D)The man got a poor evaluation from his colleagues.

　　6.A)They reject employeesreasonable arguments for work efficiency.

　　B)They make unhelpful decisions for solving problems.

　　C)They favor some employeessuggestions over others.

　　D)They use manipulative language to mask their irrational choices.

　　7.A)It is a good quality in the workplace.

　　B)It is more important now than ever.

　　C)It is a must for rational judgment.

　　D)It is more of a sin than a virtue.

　　8.A)Making rational and productive decisions.

　　B)Focusing on employeescareer growth.

　　C)Preserving their power and prestige.

　　D)Smoothing relationships in the workplace.

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　9.A)They bring great honor to their country.

　　B)They create very high commercial value.

　　C)They accomplish feats many of us cannot.

　　D)They show genius which defies description.

　　10.A)They try to be positive role models to children.

　　B)They work in spare time to teach children sports.

　　C)They take part in kidsextra-curricular activities.

　　D)They serve as spokespersons for luxury goods.

　　11.A)Being super sports stars without appearing arrogant.

　　B)Keeping athletes away from drug or alcohol problems.

　　C)Preventing certain athletes from getting in trouble with the law.

　　D)Separating an athletes professional life from their personal life.

　　Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　12.A)They are dreams coming true to the brides.

　　B)They should be paid up by the attendees.

　　C)They are joyous and exciting occasions.

　　D)They always cost more than expected.

　　13.A)It was cancelled.

　　B)It had eight guests only.

　　C)It cost $60,000.

　　D)It was held in Las Vegas.

　　14.A)Ask her friends for help.

　　B)Postpone her wedding.

　　C)Keep to her budget.

　　D)Invite more guests.

　　15.A)She called it romantic.

　　B)She rejected it flatly.

　　C)She said she would think about it.

　　D)She welcomed it with open arms.

　　Section C

　　Directions:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

　　16.A)It determines peoples moods.

　　B)It can impact peoples wellbeing.

　　C)It can influence peoples personalities.

　　D)It is closely related to peoples emotions.

　　17.A)They make people more reproductive.

　　B)They tend to produce positive feelings.

　　C)They increase peoples life expectancy.

　　D)They may alter peoples genes gradually.

　　18.A)The Americans are apparently more outgoing than the Chinese.

　　B)People in the same geographical area may differ in personality.

　　C)People share many personality traits despite their nationalities.

　　D)The link between temperature and personality is fairly weak.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

　　19.A)A growing number of US seniors face the risk of early mortality.

　　B)Correlations have been found between loneliness and ill health.

　　C)Chronic loneliness does harm to senior citizens in particular.

　　D)The number of older Americans living alone is on the rise.

　　20.A)Loneliness is probably reversible.

　　B)Being busy helps fight loneliness.

　　C)Loneliness rarely results from living alone.

　　D)Medication is available for treating loneliness.

　　21.A)Living with ones children.

　　B)Meaningful social contact.

　　C)Meeting social expectations.

　　D)Timely medical intervention.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

　　22.A)She had a successful career in finance.

　　B)She wrote stories about women travelers.

　　C)She invested in several private companies.

　　D)She made regular trips to Asian countries.

　　23.A)Travel round the world.

　　B)Set up a travel agency.

　　C)Buy a ranch.

　　D)Start a blog.

　　24.A)Create something unique to enter the industry.

　　B)Gain support from travel advertising companies.

　　C)Try to find a full-time job in the travel business.

　　D)Work hard to attract attention from publishers.

　　25.A)Refraining from promoting similar products.

　　B)Avoiding too much advertising early on.

　　C)Creating an exotic corporate culture.

　　D)Attracting sufficient investment.

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Unthinkable as it may be,humanity,every last person,could someday be wiped from the face of the Earth. We have learned to worry about asteroids(小行星)and super volcanoes,but the more likely.26according to Nick Bostrom,a professor of philosophy at Oxford,is that we humans will destroy ourselves.

　　Professor Bostrom,who directs Oxfords Future of Humanity Institute,has argued over the course of several papers that human27risks are poorly understood and,worse still,28underestimated by society.Some of these existential risks are fairly well known,especially the natural ones.But others are29or even exotic. Most worrying to Bostrom is the subset of existential risks that30from human technology,a subset that he expects to grow in number and potency over the next century.

　　Despite his concerns about the risks31to humans by technological progress,Bostrom is no luddite(科 技進步反對者).In fact,he is a longtime32of trans-humanism—the effort to improve the human condition, and even human nature itself,through technological means.In the long run he sees technology as a bridge,a bridge we humans must cross with great care,in order to reach new and better modes of being.In his work, Bostrom uses the tools of philosophy and mathematics,in33probability theory,to try and determine how we as a,34might achieve this safe passage.What follows is my conversation with Bostrom about some of the most interesting and worrying existential risks that humanity might.35in the decades and centuries to come,and about what we can do to make sure we outlast them.

　　A)advocateI)particulan

　　B)ariseJ)posed

　　C)emphasizecK)scenarig

　　D)encounterL)severely

　　E)essentialM)shrewdly

　　F)evaporationN)species

　　G)extinctionO)variety

　　H)obscure

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter:Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　San Francisco Has Become One Huge Metaphor for Economic Inequality in America

　　A)The fog still chills the morning air and the cable cars still climb halfway to the stars.Yet on the ground,the Bay area has changed greatly since singer Tony Bennet left his heart here.Silicon Valley and the tech industry have led the region into a period of unprecedented wealth and innovation.But existing political and land limits have caused an alarming housing crisis and astronomical rise in social and economic difference.

　　B)While the residents of most cities display pride and support for their home industries,drastic market distortions in the San Francisco Bay Area have created boiling resentment in the region towards the tech industry.A vocal minority is even calling on officials to punish those who are benefitting from the economic and housing boom.If this boom and its consequences are not resolved,a drastic increase in social and economic difference may have a profound impact on the region for generations.A history and analysis of this transformation may hold invaluable insights about the opportunities.Perils of tech cities are currently being cultivated across the US,and indeed around the world.

　　C)According to a recent study,San Francisco ranks first in California for economic difference.The average income of the top 1%of households in the city averages $3.6 million.This is 44 times the average income of those at the bottom,which stands at $81,094.The top 1%of the San Francisco peninsulas share of total income now extends to 30.8%of the regions income.This was a dramatic jump from 1989,where it stood at 15.8%.

　　D)The regions economy has been fundamentally transformed by the technology industry springing from Silicon Valley.Policies pushed by Mayor Ed Lee provided tax breaks for tech companies to set up shop along the citys long-neglected Mid-Market area.The city is now home to Twitter,Uber,Airbnb,Pinterest,Dropbox and others.In short,the Bay Area has become a global magnet for those with specialized skills,which has in turn helped fuel economic enthusiasm,and this economic growth has reduced unemployment to 3.4%,an admirable feat.

　　E)In spite of all that,the strength of the recent job growth,combined with policies that have traditionally limited housing development in the city and throughout the peninsula,did not help ease the affordability crisis.In 2015 alone,the Bay Area added 64,000 in jobs.In the same year,only 5,000 new homes were built.

　　F)With the average house in the city costing over $1.25 million and average flat prices over $1.11 million,the minimum qualifying income to purchase a house has increased to $254,000.Considering that the average household income in the city currently stands at around $80,000,it is not an exaggeration to say that the dream of home ownership is now beyond the grasp of the vast majority of todays people who rent.

　　G)For generations,the stability and prosperity of the American middle class has been anchored by home ownership.Studies have consistently shown that the value of land has overtaken overall income growth,thus providing a huge advantage to property owners as a vehicle of wealth building.When home prices soar above the reach of most households,the gap between the rich and the poor dramatically increases.

　　H)If contributing factors leading to housing becoming less than affordable are not resolved over multiple generations,a small elite will control a vast share of the countrys total wealth.The result?A society where the threat of class warfare would loom large.A societys level of happiness is tied less to measures of quantitative wealth and more to measures of qualitative wealth.This means that how a person judges their security in comparison to their neighborshas more of an impact on their happiness than their objective standard of living.At the same time,when a system no longer provides opportunities for the majority to participate in wealth building,it not only robs those who are excluded from opportunities,but also deprives them of their dignity.

　　I) San Francisco and the Bay Area have long been committed to values which embrace inclusion and rejection of mainstream culture.To see these values coming apart so publicly adds insult to injury for a region once defined by its progressive social fabric.In the face of resentment,it is human to want revenge.But deteriorating policies such as heavily taxing technology companies or real estate developers are not likely to shift the balance.

　　J)The housing crisis is caused by two primary factors:the growing desirability of the Bay Area as a place to live due to its excellent economy,and our limited housing stock.Although the city is experiencing an unprecedented boom in new housing,more units are sorely needed.Protection policies were originally designed to suppress bad development and boost historic preservation in our urban areas.Now,too many developers are experiencing excessive delays.Meanwhile,there are the land limitations of the Bay Area to consider.The region is surrounded by water and mountains.Local governments need to aid development as well.This means increasing housing density throughout the region and building upwards while streamlining the approval process.

　　K)Real estate alone will not solve the problem,of course.Transportation,too,needs to be updated and infrastructure extended to link distant regions to Silicon Valley and the city.We need to build an effective high-speed commuting system linking the high-priced and crowded Bay Area with the low-priced and low- density Central Valley.This would dramatically reduce travel times.And based on the operating speeds of hovering trains used in countries such as Japan or Spain,high-speed rail could shorten the time to travel between San Francisco and Californias capital,Sacramento,or from Stockton to San Jose,to under 30 minutes.This system would bring once distant regions within reasonable commute to heavy job centers. The city also needs to existing transportation routes combined with smart home-building policies that dramatically increase housing density in areas surrounding high-speed rail stations.By doing so,we will be able to build affordable housing within acceptable commuting distances for a significant bulk of the workforce.

　　L)Our threatening housing crisis forces the difficult question of what type of society we would like to be.Will it be one where the elite command the vast bulk of wealth and regional culture is defined by an aggressive business world?We were recently treated to a taste of the latter,when local tech employee Justin Keller wrote an open letter to the city complaining about having to see homeless people on his way to work.

　　M)It doesnt have to be this way.But solutions need to be implemented now,before angry crowds grow from a nuisance to serious concern.It may take less than you might think.And in fact,the solutions to our housing crisis are already fairly clear.We need to increase the density of housing units.We need to use existing technology to shorten travel times and break the land limits.There is a way to solve complex social and economic problems without abandoning social responsibility.This is the Bay Areas opportunity to prove that it can innovate more than just technology.

　　36.San Francisco city government offered tax benefits to attract tech companies to establish operations in a less developed area.

　　37.The fast rise in the prices of land and houses increases the economic inequality among people.

　　38.San Francisco has been found to have the biggest income gap in California between the rich and the poor.

　　39.The higher rate of employment,combined with limited housing supply,did not make it any easier to buy a bouse.

　　40.When people compare their own living standard with others,it has a greater impact on their sense of contentment.

　　41.Improved transport networks connecting the city to distant outlying areas will also help solve the housing crisis.

　　42.Average incomes in the Bay Area make it virtually impossible for most tenant families to buy a home.

　　43.Innovative solutions to social and economic problems should be introduced before it is too late.

　　44.Residents of the San Francisco Bay Area strongly resent the tech industry because of the economic inequality it has contributed to.

　　45.One way to deal with the housing crisis is for the government to simplify approval procedures for housing projects.

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　The suggestion that people should aim for dietary diversity by trying to eat a variety of foods has been a basic public health recommendation for decades in the United States and elsewhere.Now,however,experts are warning that aiming for a diverse diet may actually lead to just eating more calories,and,thus,to obesity.One issue is that people may not interpret "variety"the way nutritionists intend.This problem is highlighted by new research conducted by the American Heart Association.Researchers reviewed all the evidence published related to dietary diversity and saw a correlation between dietary diversity and a greater intake of both healthy and unhealthy foods.This had implications for obesity,as researchers found a greater prevalence of obesity amongst people with a greater dietary diversity.

　　One author of the new study explained that their findings contradict standard dietary advice,as most dietary guidelines around the world include a statement of eating a variety of foods.But this advice does not seem to be supported by science,possibly because there is little agreement about the meaning of “dietary diversity,”which is not clearly and consistently defined.Some experts measure dietary diversity by counting the number of food groups eaten,while others look at the distribution of calories across individual foods,and still others measure how different the foods eaten are from each other.

　　Although the findings of this new study contradict standard dietary advice,they do not come as a surprise to all of the researchers involved.Dr.Rao,one of the study authors,noted that,after 20 years of experience in the field of obesity,he has observed that people who have a regimented lifestyle and diet tend to be thinner and healthier than people with a wide variety of consumption.This anecdotal evidence matches the conclusions of the study,which found no evidence that dietary diversity promotes healthy body weight or optimal eating patterns, and limited evidence shows that eating a variety of foods is actually associated with consuming more calories, poor eating patterns and weight gain.Further,there is some evidence that a greater variety of food options in a single meal may delay peoples feeling of fullness and actually increase how much they eat.

　　Based on their findings,the researchers endorse a diet consisting of a limited number of healthy foods such as vegetables,fruits,grains,and poultry.They also recommend that people simultaneously endeavor to restrict consumption of sweets,sugar and red meat.The researchers stress,however,that their dietary recommendations do not imply dietary diversity is never positive,and that,in the past,diversity in diets of whole,unprocessed food may have actually been very beneficial.

　　46.What has been a standard piece of dietary advice for decades?

　　A)People should diversify what they eat.

　　B)People should have a well-balanced diet.

　　C)People should cultivate a healthy eating habit.

　　D)People should limit calorie intake to avoid obesity.

　　47.What did the new research by the American Heart Association find?

　　A)Unhealthy food makes people gain weight more easily.

　　B)Dietary diversity is positively related to good health.

　　C)People seeking dietary diversity tend to eat more.

　　D)Big eaters are more likely to become overweight.

　　48.What could help to explain the contradiction between the new findings and the common public health recommendation?

　　A)There is little consensus on the definition of dietary diversity.

　　B)The methods researchers use to measure nutrition vary greatly.

　　C)Conventional wisdom about diet is seldom supported by science.

　　D)Most dietary guidelines around the world contradict one another.

　　49.What did Dr.Rao find after 20 years of research on obesity?

　　A)There is no clear definition of optimal eating patterns.

　　B)Diversified food intake may not contribute to health.

　　C)Eating patterns and weight gain go hand in hand.

　　D)Dietary diversity promotes healthy body weight.

　　50.What does the passage say about people who eat a great variety of food?

　　A)They are more likely to eat foods beneficial to their health.

　　B)They dont have any problems getting sufficient nutrition.

　　C)They dont feel they have had enough until they overeat.

　　D)They tend to consume more sweets,sugar and red meat.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　The ability to make inferences from same and different,once thought to be unique to humans,is viewed as a cornerstone of abstract intelligent thought.A new study,however,has shown that what psychologists call same- different discrimination is present in creatures generally seen as unintelligent:newborn ducklings(小鴨) .

　　The study,published Thursday in Science,challenges our idea of what it means to have a birdbrain,said Edward Wasserman,an experimental psychologist at the University of lowa who wrote an independent review of the study

　　“In fact,birds are extremely intelligent and our problem pretty much lies in figuring out how to get them to talkto us,or tell us how smart they really are,"he said.

　　Antone Martinho and Alex Kacelnik,co-authors of the new paper,devised a clever experiment to better test bird intelligence

　　First,they took 1-day-old ducklings and exposed them to a pair of moving objects.The two objects were either the same or different in shape or color.Then they exposed each duckling to two entirely new pairs of moving objects.

　　The researchers found that about 70%of the ducklings preferred to move toward the pair of objects that had the same shape or color relationship as the first objects they saw.A duckling that was first shown two green spheres,in other words,was more likely to move toward a pair of blue spheres than a mismatched pair of orange and purple spheres.

　　Ducklings go through a rapid learning process called imprinting shortly after birth—its what allows them to identify and follow their mothers.

　　These findings suggest that ducklings use abstract relationships between sensory inputs like color,shape, sounds and odor to recognize their mothers,said Dr.Kacelnik.

　　By studying imprinting,the authors of this study have shown for the first time that an animal can learn relationships between concepts without training,said Jeffrey Katz,an experimental psychologist at Auburn University who was not involved in the study.

　　Previous studies have suggested that other animals,including pigeons,dolphins,honeybees and some primates (靈長類動物) ,can discern same from different,but only after extensive training.

　　Adding ducklings to the list—particularly untrained newborn ducklings-suggests that the ability to compare abstract concepts“is far more necessary to a wider variety of animalssurvival than we previously thought,”Dr.Martinho said.He believes the ability is so crucial because it helps animals consider context when identifying objects in their environment.

　　Its clear from this study and others like it that “animals process and appreciate far more of the intricacies in their world than weve ever understood,"Dr.Wasserman said."We are in a revolutionary phase in terms of our ability to understand the minds of other animals.”

　　51.In what way were humans thought to be unique?

　　A)Being capable of same-different discrimination.

　　B)Being able to distinguish abstract from concrete.

　　C)Being a major source of animal intelligence.

　　D)Being the cornerstone of the creative world.

　　52.What do we learn from the study published in Science?

　　A)Our understanding of the bird world was biased.

　　B)Our communication with birds was far from adequate.

　　C)Our knowledge about bird psychology needs updating.

　　D)Our conception of birdsintelligence was wrong.

　　53.What did the researchers discover about most ducklings from their experiment?

　　A)They could associate shape with color.

　　B)They could tell whether the objects were the same.

　　C)They preferred colored objects to colorless ones.

　　D)They reacted quickly to moving objects.

　　54.What was novel about the experiment in the study reported in Science?

　　A)The ducklings were compared with other animals.

　　B)It was conducted by experimental psychologists.

　　C)The animals used received no training.

　　D)It used a number of colors and shapes.

　　55.What do we learn from Dr.Wassermans comment on the study of animal minds at the end of the passage?

　　A)Research methods are being updated.

　　B)It is getting more and more intricate.

　　C)It is attracting more public attention.

　　D)Remarkable progress is being made.

　　Part N Translation (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　鄭和是中國歷史上最杰出的航海家，在航海、外交、軍事等諸多領域都表現出非凡的智慧和卓越 的才能。他曾七次率領龐大的船隊遠航，訪問了西太平洋和印度洋的.許多國家和地區，加深了中國同 東南亞、東非的相互了解。

　　鄭和下西洋對中外的經濟和文化交流起到了十分積極的推進作用，也為維護區域和平做出了巨大 貢獻。為了永遠銘記鄭和及其豐功偉績，7月11 日，即鄭和首次率船隊遠航啟程的日子，被定為中國 的航海節。

　　PartI Writing

　　參考范文:

　　People are now increasingly aware of the challenges in making a decision when faced with too many choices.We are faced with various choices since our childhood, such as choosing friends,schools,careers and so on.Different choices will surely bring different lives.Therefore,it is of great significance to make decisions carefully.

　　From my perspective,there are both positive and negative aspects no matter what choice is made.Take us college students as an example.We are about to graduate and will face a dilemma of choosing whether to take the postgraduate entrance exam or hunt for jobs after graduation.On the one hand,pursuing postgraduate study can help us improve our academic level and lay a solid foundation for our future career development,while also requiring a lot of time and effort.On the other hand,going to work allows you to enter the workplace earlier and gain practical experience,as well as a certain amount of money.But in an increasingly competitive society,your career development may be limited by not having a distinguished educational background.

　　In short,any decision has two sides.We need to take our own actual situation into account in order to make a wiser choice.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

　　1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.B

　　16.C 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.B

　　Part III Reading Comprehension

　　26.K 27.G 28.L 29.H 30.B 31.J 32.A 33.I 34.N 35.D

　　36.D 37.G 38.C 39.E 40.H 41.K 42.F 43.M 44.B 45.J

　　46.A 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.C 51.A 52.D 53.B 54.C 55.D

　　Part IV Translation

　　參考譯文:

　　Zheng He was the most outstanding navigator in Chinese history.He showed extraordinary wisdom and talent in many fields such as navigation,diplomacy and military affairs.He led a huge fleet of ships on seven long voyages and visited many countries and regions in the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean,deepening the mutual understanding between China and Southeast Asia and East Africa.

　　Zheng Hes voyages to the western oceans played a very positive role in promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries,and also made great contributions to the maintenance of regional peace.In order to forever remember Zheng He and his great achievements,July 11,the day when Zheng He first set sail for a long voyage with his fleet of ships,was designated as Chinas Maritime Day.

　　大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題 3

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　You might not know yourself as well as you think.According to a new study,people are26accurate judges of only some of their behaviors.While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits,this new study27how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next.Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically28every 9.5 minutes between 7 a.m.and 2 a.m.to record 30 seconds of audio.These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to29how outgoing,agreeable,or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day.The study used data from 248 participants,all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two30weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.

　　Six laboratory assistants rated each participants audio clips to see how their observations compared with peoples31of themselves.The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted.Further,participantsratings of their own behaviors agreed with observersfor how outgoing and how conscientious they were being.But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness.Some of this32could be because the observers used only audio clips,and thus could not read33like body language,but there are34other explanations,as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude.The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather35rude behavior.

　　A)activated I)probes

　　B)articulatesJ)random

　　C)assessmentK)recall

　　D)consecutiveL)relatively

　　E)cuesM)saturated

　　F)denyN)symptoms

　　G)discrepancyO)terminate

　　H)probably

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.

　　Why we need tiny colleges

　　A)Were experiencing the rebirth of smallness.Farmers markets,tiny homes,and brew pubs all exemplify our love of smallness.So do charter schools,coffee shops,and local bookstores.Small is often(but not always)more affordable,healthier,and sustainable,but its finest characteristic,the one that turns charm into love,is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.

　　B)In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction:Universities with 20,000 or 30,000 students are considered“mid-sized”.The nations largest university,Arizona State University,has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online.At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses:colleges such as Sterling College,Thomas More College of Liberal Arts,and Deep Springs College.These colleges are so small that they can only be called “tiny.”

　　C)Tiny colleges focus not just on a young persons intellect,but on the young person as a whole.Equally important,tiny colleges ask,“How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?”And they shape a college experience to address that question.They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.

　　D)Ive had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career—a small liberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities.Ive also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions,and in many of my colleagues,especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood.Administrators focus on the business of running a university,and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline.Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.

　　E)Having just retired from teaching at a public university,Im now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona,to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College.Im convinced theres a need for another type of education,one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world.Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning,hope, courage,and passion,as well as information and skills.Large institutions,I believe,are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.

　　F)Theres no“best of”list when it comes to tiny colleges,at least not yet.But around the country people are creating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges,large public universities,and online education.

　　G)With only 26 students,Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and,quite likely,the most atypical (非典型的) .Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border,Deep Springs is a private,residential,two-year college for men,committed to educating students for “a life of service to humanity.”Founded by the electricity tycoon(大亨)L.L.Nunn in 1917,Deep Springs “curriculum”revolves around academics,labor,and self-governance.In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.

　　H)“Living in close community with ones teachers and fellow students,and being forced to take on adult responsibilities,makes for ones growth as a person,"says William Hunt,who graduated last year. “To exist for very long in a community like that,you have to get over the question of whether youre sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers,how much you can manage to learn with them."

　　I)Sterling College,in Craftsbury Common,Vermont,is also very small-fewer than 100 students. Unlike Deep Springs,Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues,but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor.According to its catalog,a college education at Sterling combines“rigorous academics,roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work.”

　　J)The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year,not including the cost of living on campus,as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges,only Deep Springs doesnt charge tuition or room and board;students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college.If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene,they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.

　　K)Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms.Weve come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities,posh (豪華的) dorms,an array of athletic programs,and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall!We also have accepted the idea that college presidents,and their many vice-presidents,should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate,up-to-date technology infrastructure.All of this drives up the cost of education.

　　L)The “trick”to making tiny colleges affordable,if thats the right word,is simplicity.At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction.Reflecting on his own college education,President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other.The economics of a tiny college, in other words,might be similar to that of a tiny house.Because it is small,a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish,insure,and maintain.But the economic benefits of a small house dont end there.Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really dont need,because theres no place to put it.

　　M)Im a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges,and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions.Academic research and job training are important,but tiny colleges arent suited for either.The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex,and no single model can meet all of these needs.But Im now convinced theres an educational need thats now going almost completely unmet:namely,the need to help young people transition into adulthood.Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.

　　N)The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us,and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social.Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people,when alls said and done,we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. Weve come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life.Weve also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one.Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements,but theyre an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities:the need to produce thoughtful,engaged,and compassionate human beings.

　　36.One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankind throughout their lives.

　　37.Much to the authors disappointment,the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largely ignore studentsgrowth as social beings.

　　38.Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.

　　39.According to a recent graduate from a tiny college,living together with faculty and fellow students is conducive to a students growth as a person.

　　40.Rather than going small,most American universities are trying to go big.

　　41.In a certain tiny college,rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.

　　42.Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their own expansion.

　　43.The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.

　　44.After her retirement,the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.

　　45.Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interaction with people near and dear to us.

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　If youre someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic(大流行病),youre not alone.Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you,not unlike alcohol, cigarettes,or other harmful substances.His 2013 book,Salt Sugar Fat,explored food companiesaggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health.In his new book,Hooked,Moss updates the food giantsefforts to keep us eating what they serve,and how theyre responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.

　　Processed food is inexpensive,its legal,and its everywhere.Companiesadvertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly.So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people.Memory,nostalgia (懷舊)in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave.Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when theyre at a ball game with their parents,that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life,when that child wants to experience a joyous moment,theyre going to think of soda.Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.

　　Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories,cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.

　　One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful,more troublesome than drugs can be is memory.What we eat is all about memory.And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age.And we keep those memories for a lifetime.Knowing this,the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products.One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain,the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively.Theres nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain.For Moss,this puts the notion of “fast food”in an entirely new light as this isnt limited to fast food chains—almost 90%of food products in grocery stores are processed foods.Everything in the industry is about speed,from manufacturing to packaging.

　　Overall,Moss outlines the industrys dependence on making their products inexpensive,super delicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers.Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier,these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.

　　46.In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?

　　A)They are all addictive.

　　B)They are all necessary evils.

　　C)They are all engineered to be enjoyed.

　　D)They are all in increasingly great demand.

　　47.What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?

　　A)The food environment.

　　B)Aggressive marketing.

　　C)Convenience.

　　D)Memory.

　　48.What do food companies do to capitalize on consumersassociation with their food products?

　　A)They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.

　　B)They attempt to use consumerslong-term memories to promote addiction.

　　C)They try to exploit consumersmemories for their products as early as possible.

　　D)They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.

　　49.How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging,according to Moss?

　　A)Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.

　　B)Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.

　　C)Focusing on how quickly the work is done.

　　D)Prioritizing the quality of their products.

　　50.Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumersdemand for healthier food products?

　　A)They think speed of production outweighs consumershealth.

　　B)They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.

　　C)They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.

　　D)They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　Chimpanzees (黑猩猩),human beingsclosest animal relatives,share up to 98%of our genes.Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives.Fewer than 300,000 wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today,while humans have colonized every corner of the globe.At more than 7 billion,human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.

　　What could account for our speciesincredible evolutionary successes?

　　One obvious answer is our big brains.It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box,innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.

　　But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists ( 人 類 學 家 ) are rejecting that explanation.They think that,rather than making our living as innovators,we survive and thrive precisely because we dont think for ourselves.Instead,people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.

　　In a famous study,psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects- children and chimpanzees—a mechanical box with a treat inside.In one condition,the box was opaque,while in the other it was transparent.The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat,but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.

　　Oddly,the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box,even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect.That is,they copied irrationally:Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward,children slavishly imitated every action theyd witnessed.

　　Of course,that study only included three-and four-year-olds.But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy othersactions,and infants are less likely to over- imitate—that is,to precisely copy even impractical actions.

　　By contrast,chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition.In the transparent condition—where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless—they ignored that step entirely.Other research has since supported these findings.

　　When it comes to copying,chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.

　　Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from?Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally.Instead,people must learn them step by step,trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.

　　So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others,you might laugh a little bit.Were not chimpanzees,after all.

　　51.What might explain humanshaving the largest population of almost all mammals?

　　A)They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.

　　B)They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.

　　C)They possess the most outstanding ability to think.

　　D)They know how to survive everywhere on earth.

　　52.What accounts for humansevolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?

　　A)They are better at innovating solutions.

　　B)They thrive through creative strategies.

　　C)They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.

　　D)They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.

　　53.What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?

　　A)Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.

　　B)Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.

　　C)Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.

　　D)Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.

　　54.What is anthropologist Joseph Henrichs explanation for the human preference for copying?

　　A)It originates in the rationality of people around the world.

　　B)It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.

　　C)It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.

　　D)It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.

　　55.What point does the author want to emphasize when he says“Were not chimpanzees”?

　　A)It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.

　　B)It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.

　　C)It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.

　　D)It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.

　　Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　近年來，中國城市加快發展，城市人居環境得到顯著改善。許多城市努力探索中國特色的城市高質量 發展之路，城市功能不斷完善，治理水平明顯提高。中國持續開展城市生態修復和功能修補，全面實施城 鎮老舊小區改造，大力推進城市園林綠化，消除污染；同時大力推進城市基礎設施體系化建設，開展房屋建 筑和市政設施普查以及安全隱患排查整治，努力為市民創造高品質的'生活環境，讓城市更美麗、更安全、更 宜居。

　　Part I Writing

　　參考范文:

　　It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn.While the accumulation of knowledge is undoubtedly crucial,it is the capacity to acquire, assimilate, and apply information that truly benefits individuals throughout their lives.

　　For one thing,the world is constantly evolving, with new information and ideas emerging at a rapid pace. The ability to learn equips students with the necessary skills to keep pace with these changes.For another,developing learning capacity promotes problem-solving skills and fosters creativity.Memorization often follows a fixed pattern, restricting students ability to think outside the box.Conversely, when students are empowered to learn,they acquire the skills to think critically and approach challenges with creative solutions.Moreover,students who are taught how to learn can develop a curiosity for new knowledge,thereby becoming a lifelong learner.

　　In conclusion,the focus of education should be shifted from imparting knowledge to cultivating learning skills in students.To achieve this goal,educators should focus on teaching key learning strategies, such as goal-setting and self- assessment.They can also foster a love for learning by allowing students to explore their interests and providing opportunities for independent and collaborative learning.

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　26.L 27.I 28.A 29.K 30.D 31.C 32.G 33.E 34.H.35.F

　　36.G 37.D 38.J 39.H 40.B 41.I 42.C 43.L 44.E 45.N

　　46.A 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.B

　　Part V Translation

　　參考譯文:

　　In recent years,Chinas cities have witnessed accelerated development and significant improvements in the urban living environment.Many cities have been making efforts to explore the path of high-quality urban development with Chinese characteristics,bringing about continuous improvement of urban functions and a noticeable rise in the level of governance.China has been ceaselessly carrying out urban ecological restoration and functional repair,comprehensively implementing the renovation of old residential neighborhoods,and vigorously promoting urban landscaping to eliminate pollution.At the same time,China has been giving great impetus to the systematic construction of urban infrastructure,and conducting surveys of housing buildings and municipal facilities as well as the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards,in an effort to create a high-quality living environment for citizens and make cities more beautiful,safer and more livable.

　　大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題 5

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　It would be all too easy to say that Facebooks market meltdown is coming to an end. Afterall, Mark Zuckerbergs social network burned as much as $ 50 billion of shareholders wealth injust a couple months. To put that in context, since its debut(初次登臺) on NASDAQ in May,Facebook has lost value nearly equal to Yahoo, AOL, Zynga, Yelp, Pandora, OpenTable,Groupon, LinkedIn, and Angies List combined, plus that of the bulk of the publicly tradednewspaper industry:

　　As shocking as this utter failure may be to the nearly 1 billion faithful Facebook usersaround the world, its no surprise to anyone who read the initial public offering (IPO)prospectus (首次公開募股說明書). Worse still, all the crises that emerged when the companydebuted-overpriced shares, poor corporate governance, huge challenges to the core business,and a damaged brand-remain today. Facebook looks like a prime example of what Wall Streetcalls a falling knife-that is, one that can cost investors their fingers if they try to catch it.

　　Start with the valuation(估值). To justify a stock price close to the lower end of theprojected range in the IPO, say $ 28 a share, Facebooks future growth would have needed tomatch that of Google seven years earlier. That would have required increasing revenue by some80 percent annually and maintaining high profit margins all the while.

　　Thats not happening. In the first half of 2012, Facebook reported revenue of $ 2.24 billion, up38 percent from the same period in 2011. At the same time, the companys costs surged to $ 2.6 billion in the six-month period.

　　This so-so performance reflects the Achilles heel of Facebooks business model, which thecompany clearly stated in a list of risk factors associated with its IPO: it hasnt yet figured outhow to advertise effectively on mobile devices, The number of Facebook users accessing thesite on their phones surged by67 percent to 543 million in the last quarter, or more than half itscustomer base.

　　Numbers are only part of the problem. The mounting pile of failure creates a negativefeedback loop that threatens Facebooks future in other ways. Indeed, the more Facebooksdisappointment in the market is catalogued, the worse Facebooks image becomes. Not onlydoes that threaten to rub off on users, its bad for recruitment and retention of talentedhackers, who are the lifeblood of Zuckerbergs creation.

　　Yet the brilliant CEO can ignore the sadness and complaints of his shareholders thanks tothe super- voting stock he holds. This arrangement also was fully disclosed at the time of theoffering. Its a pity so few investors apparently bothered to do their homework.

　　61. What can be inferred about Facebook from the first paragraph?

　　A.Its market meltdown has been easily halted.

　　B.It has increased trade with the newspaper industry.

　　C.It has encountered utter failure since its stock debut.

　　D.Its shareholders have invested $ 50 billion in a social network.

　　62. The crises Facebook is facing_____

　　A.have been disclosed in the IPO prospectus

　　B.are the universal risks Wall Street confronts

　　C.disappoint its faithful users

　　D.have existed for a long time

　　63. To make its stock price reasonable, Facebook has to____

　　A.narrow the IPO price range

　　B.cooperate with Google

　　C.keep enormously profitable

　　D.invest additional $ 2.6 billion

　　64. It can be inferred from the context that the "Achilles heel" (Line 1, Para. 5) refersto____

　　A.deadly weakness

　　B.problem unsolved

　　C.indisputable fact

　　D.potential risk

　　65. What effect will Facebooks failure in the market have?

　　A.Its users benefits will be threatened.

　　B.Talented hackers will take down the website.

　　C.The CEO will hold the super-voting stock.

　　D.The companys innovation strength will be damaged.

　　參考答案

　　61.C)。本題考查第一段的主旨大意。此種題型可以使用排除法，將各選項代入原文來驗證對錯。A)“臉譜網的市場崩潰已被輕而易舉地制止了”，原文開篇指出，說臉譜網的市場崩潰將要結束未免太簡單了.A)與原文不符，故排除;B)“臉譜網增加了與報紙業之間的商務往來”，原文首段末句plus that of…中的that指的是value，意指臉譜網自登陸納斯達克以來，損失的價值等同于幾個大型互聯網企業加上大部分報業價值的總和，B)與原文不符，故排除;C)“臉譜網自股票上市以來遭遇了巨大失敗”，由第一段中的'burned，lost等詞可以推斷臉譜網上市后遭遇了巨大失敗，故為答案。

　　62.D)。事實細節題。D)‘‘已經存在很長時間了”，與定位句中remain today的意思相同，故為答案。

　　63.C)。本題考查臉譜網如何才能使其制定的股價合理，題干中的reasonable對應原文中的justify。定位句提到，要實現接近其公開募股說明書上的較低股價，比如每股28美元，這就要求臉譜網年收益增長要高達80%，并始終保持高利潤率，故答案為c)。

　　64.A)。本段提到，臉譜網現在還未解決如何有效地在移動設備上做廣告這一問題，而用手機登錄其網站的用戶數量卻不斷飆升，且文章通篇語義色彩都是消極的，故可推出此處應指臉譜網商業模式中的致命軟肋，故答案為A)。

　　65.D)。由定位句可知，臉譜網在市場上的失意不僅會影響到用戶，還會影響招募和挽留天才黑客，而這些人正是扎克伯格創造力的命脈。由此推知，臉譜網的創新力會因其市場失意而受到損害，故答案為D)。

　　大學英語六級(CET-6)歷年試題 6

　　CONVERSATION 1 (mjch)

　　W: Hi, David, I havent seen you in class for almost two weeks.

　　(1) We thought you had disappeared on holiday early or something. M: Hi Sarah.Wel, its a bit of a long story,Im afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasnt getting any better.

　　W:Oh, yeah. Thereve been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks. M: And

　　(2) on the way back from the hospital,I slipped on some ice and fell and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought Id broken my wrist. Although thankfully its not broken.But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks. W: Oh, thats too bad.How unfortunate. M: To make things worse,I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade.So, it was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken too.

　　W: No! What a complete catastrophe! Is the laptops still under warranty?

　　(3) If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer and theyll send you a brand new one for free, surely.

　　M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to have them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.

　　W:Listen, I have the number of a really good affordable computer repair shop at home. My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles.Lets go back to my house and (4) we can call the repair shop,and you could have some tea and cookies too.

　　M: Wow.Thanks, Sarah. That would be great. Let me just call my mom and let her know I be home a little bit later.

　　Q1: What did Sara think David was doing for the last two weeks?

　　Q2: What happened to David on his way back from the hospital?

　　Q3:What does Sarah say they should do with the damaged computer?

　　Q4:What does Sarah say she is going to do?

　　CONVERSATION 2 (skystar)

　　M: Welcome to this weeks episode of Book Talk. With me today is Heidi Brown,(1) a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history.

　　W: Thanks for having me, John. Im so excited to talk about my latest book, which was published last month.

　　M: So this book is a novel, your first attempt at that genre.And thats a bit of a departure for you.

　　W:(6) Id say its a major departure as its not just a work of fiction, its set 200 years in the future.

　　M: Right. So how did that happen? You spent three decades writing about the past and focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. And now youre speculating about the future.

　　W: Well, after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives during battle,I just started wondering about other facets of their lives, especially their personal lives.

　　M:I can see that. Your novel is about soldiers, but it focuses on their relationships, especially the bonds between sons and mothers, and men and their wives.

　　W:Yes.(7) That focus came about when l still intended to write another book of history,I started by researching soldiers actual personal lives, studying their letters home.

　　M: So how did that history book become a novel?

　　W: Well,(8) I realized that the historical record was incomplete.So Id either have to leave a lot of gaps or make a lot more assumptions than a historian should.

　　M: But why write a novel set in the future, when your credentials are perfect for a historical novel? As a historian,any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility.

　　W:I felt too constrained working with the past. Like what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction.But writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent.

　　M:Well,having read your book, Im glad you made that choice to move into fiction.

　　Q5: What does the man say about the woman?

　　Q6: What does the woman say about her newly published book?

　　Q7:What did the woman do before writing her new book?

　　Q8: What does the woman say about her writing history books?)

　　PASSAGE 1

　　(9) Whether its in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus, theres one thing youll find in nearly allads for Coca-Cola, the characteristic glass bottle. Most Americans dont drink soda out of the glass bottles seen in Cokes ads anymore.But this week,the company is celebrating a century of the bottle thats been sold in more than 200 countries. (10) Flashback to 1915, when a bottle of Coca-Cola costs just a nickel as the soft drink gained in popularity, it faced a growing number of competitors, counterfeits,even trying to copy Cokes logo.So according to Coca-Cola historian, Ted Ryan, the company decided to come up with packaging that couldnt be duplicated.A product request was sent to eight different glass makers.Workers at the root glass company got the request and began flipping through the encyclopedia at the local library,Landy gone cocoas seed.

　　The cocoas seed is not an ingredient of the soda.(11) They designed their bottle based on the seeds that shape and large middle. It wasnt overcoat executives in Atlanta and would go on to receive its own trademark spur collections and earn Coca-Cola an iconic image that made it part of American culture for a century.

　　It was 100 years ago this week that the bottle earned a package by world warll, Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions. Americans mostly consumed Coke out of aluminum or plastic today, but the glass bottle remains a symbol of America thats readily recognized around the world.

　　Q9. What does the passage say appears in almost all ads for Coca-Cola.

　　Q10.Why did the Coca-Cola company decide to have special packaging designed?

　　Q11. What do they learn about the Coca-Cola bottle designed by the root glass company?

　　PASSAGE 2 (mjch)

　　Trying to create some measurable improvement in mood.But most of us are reluctant to start these conversations because we presume the opposite. In an experiment, commuters who talk to nearby strangers found that commute more enjoyable than those who didnt. They were asked to predict whether theyd enjoy the commute more if they converse with other people. Intriguingly, most expect the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable. Why is this? Social anxiety appears to be the problem. Peoples reluctance to start conversations with nearby strangers comes partly from underestimating othersinterest in connecting.

　　The sad thing is that people presume that a nearby stranger doesnt want to converse and dont start a conversation. Only those who force themselves to chat because it was required by the experiment found out what a pleasant experience it could be. Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the impact of social interactions may not, in some context, be social enough for their own wellbeing.You should be chatting with the strangers you encounter. You may occasionally have a negative encounter that might stick in your memory. This is because the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events.But starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection.

　　It may surprise you that conversing with strangers will make them happier too. The pleasure of connection seems contagious. People who I talk to have equally positive experiences as those who initiate a conversation.

　　Q12: What does research show about a conversation between strangers?

　　Q13: What prevents people from starting a conversation with strangers?

　　Q14: Why does a negative encounter with strangers stick in ones memory?

　　Q15: What does the passage say the pleasure of connection seems to be?

　　LECTURE 1 (chy)

　　The Caribbean islands are divided into two worlds, a rich one, and a poor one. This tropical regions economy is based mainly on farming. Farmers are of two types. One is the plantation owner who may have hundreds of thousands of acres. In contrast, this small cultivator is working only a few acres of land.

　　Most visitors to the Caribbean are rich.Like the plantation owner. They do not realize or do not want to realize that many farm families barely managed to get by on what they grow.The Caribbean produces many things. Sugar is the main product. Other export crops are tobacco coffee, bananas, spices, and citrus fruits,such as orange lemon or grapefruit.

　　From the west Indies also come oil,mineral pitch, and many forest products. Jamaicas aluminum or supplies are the worlds largest. Oil comes from Trinidad, Aruba and Carolco, but for many of the smaller islands, sugar is the only export.Rum,a strong alcoholic. We just distilled from sugar cane is also an export.

　　The worlds best rum comes from this area. Local kinds vary from the light rums of Puerto Rico to the heavier, darker rums of Barbados and Jamaica. American tourists enjoy stocking up on inexpensive high-quality Caribbean rum while theyre on vacation. In correct. the well-known vicar of that name is made for the thick, outer skin of a native orange ever since Americas colonial days, the Caribbean islands have been favorite places to visit.

　　Since world war ll, tourism has increased rapidly because great numbers of people go there. The Islanders have built elaborate resorts, developed harbors and airfields, improved beaches and have expanded sea and air routes. Everything is at the resort, hotel, beach, shopping and recreation, the vacationer never has any reason to explore the island.

　　As in most places, those who have money live well, indeed, those who dont have money live at various levels of poverty, but here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy.A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses at the seaside or in the countryside. Their service might include a cook, a maid and a nurse for the children.

　　Most of the people live well below the poverty level. In towns, they live crowded together in tiny houses. Islanders make the best they can of what they have. Their homes are quite Chevy. Sadly, most tourists never see this side of the Caribbean.

　　Question16 to 18 are based on the recording, you have just heard.

　　Question 16. What does the speaker say about the economy of the Caribbean islands?

　　Question 17. What is the main product of the Caribbean islands?

　　Question 18. What do we learn about the majority of people in the Caribbean islands?

　　LECTURE 2 (00)#兒童教育

　　Talk to anyone who is a generation or too older, and they would most likely comment that children are most spoiled these days, no one wants to have,or be around demanding, selfish and spoiled children. Those who get bad temper will silently brood when theyre not given everything they want immediately.

　　Paradoxically, the parents of such children courage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving that children everything they can, that children will be happy.

　　in the short term，perhaps they are right. But in the longer term, (19)such children end up lonely dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who tried so hard to please them.

　　Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable rather than spoiled and miserable.(20) One factor hindering this is that parents cant, or dont spend enough quality time with their kids and substitute. this deficit with Loinbo toys, games, gadgets, and the like.

　　Rather than getting material things, children need parents devoted attention.

　　The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things theyd like to have.

　　This teaches them to value the effort as well as what it achieves, allow them to enjoy anticipation.

　　Numerous psychological studies have

　　demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life.

　　One famous experiment in the 1960s, involved 3 to 6 year old children.

　　They were given a choice between receiving a small reward,such as a cookie immediately.

　　or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two.

　　Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self worth, and even tend to be healthier.

　　(21)If they failed, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result.

　　This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment, which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financilly, and in personal relationships.

　　And lastly,parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own.

　　This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others.

　　Qualities ?shorter? take them a long way in life.

　　Q19:What will happen to children if they always get immediate satisfaction?

　　Q20: What may prevent parents from raising confident and capable children?

　　Q21: Why should children be encouraged to keep trying when they fail?

　　LECTURE 3

　　#面試經驗

　　Its not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager,answering questions that effectively opened themselves up for judgement. (22) And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. The most obvious thing not to do is complain.Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage,or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. (23)Dont say that youve moved around in jobs because you havent found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. And interviewer may well think why would this role be any different for you.You will probably leave here in six months. It also begs the question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesnt sound like you had open communication with him or her. (24)Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative, who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized.Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for. Lastly, have a good idea of what your role is.And try and convey the idea that youre flexible. Asking what your role will be suggest you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you.In reality, your role is whatever you make of it. This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued.And this is equally important, if youre just starting out. Entry level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skill in most interviews.(25) Its important to have a wide skillset, as many startups and small companies are moving really fast. Employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.

　　22. What does the speaker say can easily prevent an interviewee from getting a job?23. What should the interviewee avoid doing in an interview?

　　24. What kind of employees do companies like to recruit?

　　25. What is especially important for those working in a small company?

　　CONVERSATION 1(much)

　　W: Hi, David, I havent seen you in class for almost two weeks. (1)We thought you had disappeared on holiday early or something M: Hi Sarah. Well, its a bit of a long story, Im afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasnt getting any better

　　W: Oh, yeah. Thereve been so many viruses

　　going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks

　　M: And, (2) on the way back from the

　　hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought Id broken my wrist Although thankfully its not broken But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks

　　W: Oh thats too bad. How unfortunate

　　M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So, it

　　was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my

　　bag was broken too

　　W: No! What a complete catastrophe! Is the laptops still under warranty? (3)If it is, then you can easily send it back to the

　　manufacturer and theyII send you a brand new one for free, surely

　　M: The warranty ran out three days before

　　broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to have them in before we break for the Christmas Youdao holidays

　　W: Listen, I have the number of a really good affordable computer repair shop at home. My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. Lets go back to my house and (4)we can call the repair shop, and you could have some tea and cookies too

　　M: Wow. Thanke-Se

　　eelld be great

　　18:04

　　Let me just call my mom and let her know IIl be home a little bit later

　　Q1: What did Sara think David was doing for the last two weeks?

　　Q2: What happened to David on his way back from the hospital?

　　Q3: What does Sarah say they should do with the damaged computer?

　　Q4: What does Sarah say she is going to do?

　　Let me just call my mom and let her know IIl be home a little bit later

　　Q1: What did Sara think David was doing for the last two weeks?

　　Q2: What happened to David on his way back from the hospital?

　　Q3: What does Sarah say they should do with the damaged computer?

　　Q4: What does Sarah say she is going to do?

　　作文第一卷

　　Directions: For this part.you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to address the issue. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Young people spend a lot of time on the internet. Howev-er,they are sometimes unable to recognize false information on the internet,judge the reliability of online information sources,or tell real news stories from fake ones.

　　范文(虛假信息)

　　Living in an age of internet, young generations tend to acquire assorted information about the world totally via virtual envi-ronment. Convenient as it may seem, the reliability of online information sources can not be guaranteed. Under this circumstance, they might be deliberately misled, to a large extent, by some fake news stories.

　　To avoid youngstersbeing misguided by those irresponsible mass media, we need to take several effective measures ur-gently. To begin with, authorities concerned should enhance their supervision of the information published on the internet. Moreover, parents should encourage their children to develop independent thinking and often discuss with them the issues on the internet to make sure they are growing in a healthy mind state. Last but not least, young people themselves should read more insightful books and learn to think more of the values and attitudes behind online stories.

　　Its important that the young possess the capability of telling real news stories from fake ones. Only when theyre equipped with the quality of recognizing false stories in an era of infor-mation explosion can they be closer to the genuineness of our modern world.

　　選詞填空1：

　　If you think life is wonderful and expect it to stay…

　　26.B)beyond

　　27.H)noteworthy

　　28.A)affect

　　29.L)span

　　30.J)premature

　　31.M)specifically

　　32.c)conceded

　　33.E)foster

　　34.D)correlation

　　35.O)trait

　　信息匹配:

　　Do music lessons really make children smarter ?

　　36.[A] A recent analysis found that most research mischar-acterizes the relationship between music and skills enhance -ment....

　　37.[N] Did he have a hidden talent that others didnt have?Or more endurance than his peers ?Music researchers tend，like Schellenberg ，to be musicians themselves ，and ashe noted in his recent paper，…

　　38.[c] Schellenberg had long been skeptical of the science supporting claims that music education enhances childrens abstract reasoning, math, or language skills.……

　　39.[G] After computing their assessments, Schellenberg concluded that the majority of the articles erroneously claimed that music training had a causal effect.……

　　40.[O] But those convictions should be checked at the en-trance to the lab,he added.Otherwise,the work becomes re-ligion or faith."You have to let go of your faith if you want to be a scientist."

　　41.[H] To argue for a cause-and-effect relationship, scien-tists must attempt to explain why and in how a connection could occur. When it comes to transfer effects of music……

　　42.[D] The 2004 paper was specifically designed to address those concerns. And as a passionate musician, Schellenberg was delighted when he tuned up credible evidence that music has transfer effects on general intelligence……..

　　43.[J]Neuropsychologist Lutz Jancke agrees."Most of these studies dont allow for causal inferences, "he said.For over two decades, Jancke has researched the effects of music lessons,..

　　44.[F]For his recent study, Schellenberg asked two research assistants to look for correlational studies on the effects of music education.They found a total of 11 4 papers pub-lished since 2000.

　　45.[I] But Schellenberg remains highly oritical of how the concept of plasticity has been applied in his field,"Plasticity has become an industry of its own "he-wrote in his May paper......

　　仔細閱讀:

　　The trend toward rationality and enlightenment was endan-gered long before the advent of the World Wide Web.

　　46.A)It initiated a change from dominance of reason to su-premacy of pleasure.

　　47.D)It is conducive to critical thinking.

　　48.D) It has rendered their interactions more superficial.

　　49.c) It was viewed as a means to quest for knowledge.

　　50.B)They are constantly seeking approval from their audi-ence.

　　According to a recent study,a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some degree by a sense of entitlement.

　　51.B)They feel they deserve more than they get.

　　52.B)They were spoiled when growing up.

　　53.D) Seek ways to sustain their motivation.

　　54.C)They convey their requirements in a straightforward way.

　　55.A)Those who can be counted on to fulfill commitments

　　翻譯1：

　　延安位于陜西省北部，地處黃河中游，是中國革命的圣地。毛澤東等老一輩革命家曾在這里生活戰斗了十三個春秋，領導了抗日戰爭和解放戰爭，培育了延安精神，為中國革命做出了巨大貢獻。延安的`革命舊址全國數量最大、分布最廣、級別最高。延安是全國愛國主義、革命傳統和延安精神教育基地。延安有9個革命紀念館，珍藏著中共中央和老一輩革命家在延安時期留存下來的大量重要物品，因此享有"中國革命博物館城"的美譽。

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