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9個(gè)方法準(zhǔn)確找出四級(jí)閱讀答案
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：9個(gè)方法準(zhǔn)確找出四級(jí)閱讀答案，下面就和小編一起去看看是哪九個(gè)方法吧。
方法一： 詳略得當(dāng)
對(duì)于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)快速閱讀測(cè)試來(lái)說(shuō)，根據(jù)題目的“題眼”快速在文章中找到答案是最關(guān)鍵的，這樣我們就要在閱讀時(shí)注意詳略得當(dāng)。克服精讀精益求精的習(xí)慣，做到有信息處精讀，無(wú)信息處略讀，略讀處一掃而過(guò)。對(duì)所要解釋或證明的觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)舉例處或者通常有數(shù)個(gè)名詞的并列項(xiàng)，它們不是完整的主謂賓的句子，因此無(wú)法與問(wèn)題對(duì)應(yīng)的詳細(xì)列舉處，都可以略讀。那么題目中數(shù)字、人名等信息(題眼)在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)的部分必須詳讀。
CET-4樣卷原文中有這樣一段：
There are two ways to bury trash:
Dump — an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)
Landfill— carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
Sanitary landfill — landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill — landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
文章是對(duì)Dump和Landfill分別做了一個(gè)解釋?zhuān)@些就應(yīng)該是考生略讀的地方。
方法二：顯性信息
查讀的信息通常是顯性信息，只要將問(wèn)題在原文中進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位就能得到正確答案，一般不需要做推理。
[例2] The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).
[題目] In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
[解析] 從題干中的關(guān)鍵信息短語(yǔ) the death rate on interstate highway可采取尋讀法找到最后一句話為原文出處。原文中明確指出高速公路上的死亡率只是其他公路的一半(half that of…)與題干中的 is still high than(仍高出)相矛盾，可判斷此句話錯(cuò)誤。
特別提示：考生對(duì)于以下一些顯性信息也應(yīng)注意
(1) 表示因果關(guān)系的詞或詞組：because, reason, due to, since, so that, therefore等
(2) 表示目的關(guān)系的詞或詞組：in order to, so as to, by等
(3) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞或詞組：but, however, yet等
(4) 表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞或詞組：contrary to, unlike, like等
方法三：題文同序
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的快速閱讀部分，問(wèn)題順序與原文順序一致(有時(shí)判斷題和填空題交匯處順序不一致)，這就要求考生應(yīng)該按照題目的順序依次做題。對(duì)于所有的四級(jí)快速閱讀文章這個(gè)技巧都適用，在此就不做特別舉例
方法四：分解對(duì)應(yīng)
分解對(duì)應(yīng)四分法(快速閱讀的解題核心)：快速將問(wèn)題分解成4個(gè)部分(主A 謂B賓C+其他D)，與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
[例3] A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.
[題目] Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.
[解析] 我們可以將題目簡(jiǎn)單劃分句子成分：主語(yǔ)為L(zhǎng)andfills，謂語(yǔ)為are，賓語(yǔ)為like compost piles，speed up decomposition of the buried trash.與原文bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly相對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣我們就很容易的看到題目Landfills are like compost piles，可是原文中卻是A landfill is not like a compost pile，很明顯我們就可以得到正確答案，故答案為N
方法五：一段一題、長(zhǎng)段兩題、平均分配
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的快速閱讀的出題方式一般都為一段出一題、長(zhǎng)段出兩題，遵循平均分配題目所在位置的原則，在此也不做特別舉例。
方法六：選小不選大
四級(jí)快速閱讀中，問(wèn)題的范圍必須小于原文范圍，反之則判定為錯(cuò)N
[例4] In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities.
[題目] In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.
[解析] 原文明白無(wú)誤地告訴考生“清理垃圾以及建造清埋場(chǎng)是由當(dāng)?shù)卣?fù)責(zé)的”。據(jù)此可斷定，該論斷不準(zhǔn)確，答案為N。
在此特別提示考生，如果題目中所表述的內(nèi)容與原文明顯不符、矛盾或相反，可判斷為N
確定為N的情況：
(1) 題目中的信息與原文內(nèi)容相反
(2) 題目將原文的意思張冠李戴
(3) 將原文中的不確定因素轉(zhuǎn)化為確定因素
(4) 改變?cè)闹械臈l件、范圍等
方法七：兩段判定(判斷NG最好方法)
在四級(jí)快速閱讀中，如果上一題已經(jīng)確定了在原文中的位置，讀過(guò)兩段后仍無(wú)下一題所需信息，則可以判定該題為NG，而不用通讀全文。
方法八： 主賓判定
四級(jí)快速閱讀中，將題干的句子進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分解后，問(wèn)題中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)在原文未出現(xiàn)或被偷換概念是，判定為NG
確定為NG的情況：
(1) 題目中的表述無(wú)中生有
(2) 原文中作者的目的、意圖、愿望等內(nèi)容在題目中作為客觀事實(shí)陳述
(3) 將原文中的特殊情況推廣為普遍現(xiàn)象
(4) 將原文的內(nèi)容具體化
(5) 隨意比較原文中的兩個(gè)事物
方法九：相關(guān)信息準(zhǔn)確合并
快速閱讀文章中有時(shí)可能會(huì)問(wèn)到所面臨的問(wèn)題是什么?某事情的原因是什么?等等，這樣的問(wèn)題在文中可能是在不同的位置都有表述，所以考生遇到這樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)，不能只局限在某一段里面找答案，可以先做后面的題目，在后面的閱讀中發(fā)現(xiàn)還有該題的答案時(shí)，將相關(guān)信息合并后再確定答案
[例5] Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.) Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postal.
Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium,a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.
[題目] The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution.
[解析]根據(jù)上面2段文章，美國(guó)人面臨水的問(wèn)題主要有兩個(gè)：But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater.和Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution.這兩句話決定了題目的答案，故為Y
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