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季羨林《加德滿都的狗》英譯版
張培基先生的經(jīng)典著作《英譯中國(guó)現(xiàn)代散文選》里看到這篇文章，感動(dòng)的一塌糊涂，喜歡季老淳樸的文風(fēng)和張培基先生扎實(shí)的英文功底。
加德滿都的狗
Dogs in Katmandu
季羨林
Ji Xianlin
我小時(shí)候住在農(nóng)村里，終日與狗為伍，一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到狗這種東西有什么稀奇的地方。但是狗給我留下了極其深刻的印象。我母親逝世以后，故鄉(xiāng)的家中已經(jīng)空無(wú)一人。她養(yǎng)的一條狗——連它的顏色我現(xiàn)在都回憶不清楚了——卻仍然日日夜夜臥在我們門(mén)口，守著不走。
When I lived in the countryside as a small child, there were dogs all around, and so I got quite accustomed to them, never thinking of them as anything out of the common. Nevertheless, they have since left a most deep impression on me. After mother, the sole occupant of our country home, passed away, the dog she had raised—I’ve now even forgotten what color he was—continued to keep watch at the door, lying there day and night.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“終日與狗為伍”意即“每天都與狗在一起” ，實(shí)際上指“農(nóng)村遍地所見(jiàn)都是狗” 現(xiàn)參照上下文把它譯為there were dogs all around，這句話也可以直譯，但意思比較牽強(qiáng)。
2，“一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到狗這種東西有什么稀奇的地方” 實(shí)際上是指，對(duì)農(nóng)村里的狗已習(xí)以為常，不足為奇。譯為and so I got quite accustomed to them, never thinking of them as anything out of the common. out of common 即“非同尋常”，表“習(xí)慣于”的詞組還有g(shù)et used to ,be adapted to, be adjust to
3,” 故鄉(xiāng)的家中已經(jīng)空無(wú)一人”并未直譯，而是通過(guò)增譯the sole occupant of our country home作為Mother 的同位語(yǔ)來(lái)表現(xiàn)
4，“連它的顏色我現(xiàn)在都回憶不清楚了“譯者將”憶不清楚“譯為forget,采取了”形式上肯定，內(nèi)容上否定的手法“這點(diǎn)我們?cè)凇队昵啊分幸惨?jiàn)到過(guò)，是翻譯中常用的手法。
5，continue to這個(gè)詞組中已經(jīng)暗含 “不走”的意思了，因此可以略去不譯
綜述：
本文是一篇小品文，也是考試中常見(jiàn)的題材，語(yǔ)言自然生動(dòng)，貼近生活，翻譯時(shí)要注意那些偏口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)哦~
女主人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)人世，再?zèng)]有人喂它了。它好像已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。但是它堅(jiān)決寧愿忍饑挨餓，也絕不離開(kāi)我們那破爛的家門(mén)口。黃昏時(shí)分，我形單影只從村內(nèi)走回家來(lái)，屋子里擺著母親的棺材，門(mén)口臥著這一只失去了主人的狗，淚眼汪汪地望著我這個(gè)失去了慈母的孩子，有氣無(wú)力地?fù)u擺著尾巴，嗅我的腳。茫茫宇宙，好像只剩下這只狗和我。
He must have been aware that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his mistress. But he would rather endure the torments of hunger than forsake his post outside our run-down home. At dusk, when I arrived alone from somewhere in the village at our house, in which lay mother’s coffin, the ownerless dog would fix his tearful eyes on me, the youngster bereaved of his loving mother, wag his tail feebly and sniff at my feet. It seemed as if he and I were left all alone in this vast universe.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“女主人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)人世，再?zèng)]有人喂它了。它好像已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。”譯為He must have been aware that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his mistress。如果你也想到了合譯，快給自己32個(gè)贊~must have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的揣測(cè)
2，“但是它堅(jiān)決寧愿忍饑挨餓，也絕不離開(kāi)我們那破爛的家門(mén)口”采用我們熟悉的rather do than do 句型，譯為But he would rather endure the torments of hunger than forsake his post outside our run-down home.其中”忍饑挨餓“即”忍受饑餓“譯為endure the torments of hunger，torment是增益成分，原文無(wú)其詞而有其意。
3，Post 意即”崗位“，譯者此處將”不離開(kāi)門(mén)口“轉(zhuǎn)換為”不愿離開(kāi)自己門(mén)外的‘崗位’“來(lái)譯，凸顯了狗的靈性，也增加了譯文的文學(xué)性，
4，“我形單影只從村內(nèi)走回家來(lái)“譯為I arrived alone from somewhere in the village at our house，其中”從A回B“使用arrive from A at B的句型，這是之前很少見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，另外，”從村里“即”從村里的某個(gè)地方“不宜譯為from the village 而要譯為from somewhere in the village
5，the ownerless dog即“失去了主人的狗“較the dog that had lost his mistress 簡(jiǎn)潔哦
綜述：
除了上述幾點(diǎn)，注意譯者對(duì)“黃昏時(shí)分…”這句的處理，分別運(yùn)用了從句，倒裝，和同位語(yǔ)來(lái)整合句子，值得好好借鑒~
此情此景，我連淚都流不出來(lái)了，我流的是血，而這血還是流向我自己的心中。我本來(lái)應(yīng)該同這只狗相依為命，互相安慰。但是，我必須離開(kāi)故鄉(xiāng)，我又無(wú)法把它帶走。離別時(shí)，我流著淚緊緊地?fù)ё×怂�，我遺棄了它，真正受到良心的譴責(zé)。幾十年來(lái)，我經(jīng)常想到這一只狗，直到今天，我一想到它，還會(huì)不自主地流下眼淚。我相信，我離開(kāi)家以后，它也絕不會(huì)離開(kāi)我們的門(mén)口。它的結(jié)局我簡(jiǎn)直不忍想下去了。母親有靈，會(huì)從這一只狗身上得到我這個(gè)兒子無(wú)法給她的慰藉吧。
In face of the sad and dreary scene, I could shed no tears. What I shed was blood which flowed right into my innermost heart. I could have stayed with him to live in mutual dependence and comfort each other in distress, but I had to quit my native place, unable to take him along with me. At the time of parting, I hugged him tightly with tears in my eyes. I felt terribly bad about having to desert him. He has since been in my mind for decades. Even today, I cannot restrain my tears whenever I think of him. I am certain he would never stop standing guard at our door even after I left. I cannot bear to imagine what fate befell him in the bed. May mother’s soul receive from this faithful dog the consolation that I, as her son, have not been able to offer her!
要點(diǎn)：
1，“此情此景”即“面對(duì)悲慘凄涼的情景”，譯為In face of the sad and dreary scene，采取加字譯法
2，“相依為命，互相安慰”譯為live in mutual dependence and comfort each other in distress，
3，“真正受到良心的譴責(zé)”譯為felt terribly bad about having to desert him，feel terribly bad about 意為“甚感歉疚”，此句還可譯作feel conscience-stricken about
4,” 母親有靈，會(huì)從這一只狗身上得到我這個(gè)兒子無(wú)法給她的慰藉吧。”中“母親有靈”即“希望母親的靈魂…”，本句譯為May mother’s soul receive from this faithful dog the consolation that I, as her son, have not been able to offer her!其中faithful也是增益的哦~
綜述：本段中有n個(gè)“我”，基于忠實(shí)傳達(dá)原文情感的原則，譯者大部分采取的是直接譯出的方法~
從此，我愛(ài)天下一切狗。
Since then, I have been fond of all dogs in the world.
但是我遷居大城市以后，看到了狗漸漸少起來(lái)了。最近多少年以來(lái)，北京根本不許養(yǎng)狗，狗簡(jiǎn)直成了稀有動(dòng)物，只有到動(dòng)物園里才能欣賞了。
But I’ve seen a steady dwindling of the canine population ever since I became a city dweller. In recent years, it has been strictly banned in Beijing to raise dogs. Dogs have become a rare animal to be seen only in a zoo.
要點(diǎn)：
“狗漸漸少起來(lái)了”，譯為a steady dwindling of the canine population,其中canine population即“狗的總數(shù)”，dwindle 表數(shù)量減少的表達(dá)，在之前的《中年人的寂寞》中也有哦，“可是這些舊友一年比一年減少了”譯為But old friends are dwindling away year by year.
我萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到，我到了加德滿都以后，一下飛機(jī)，在機(jī)場(chǎng)受到熱情友好的接待，汽車一駛離機(jī)場(chǎng)，駛?cè)胧袃?nèi)，在不算太寬敞的馬路兩旁就看到了大狗、小狗、黑狗、黃狗，在一群衣履比較隨便的小孩子們中間，搖尾乞食，低頭覓食。
At Katmandu, the moment I was driven into town after meeting with a warm and friendly reception at the airport, I was greatly surprised to see dogs, big and small, black and yellow, in the midst of casually-dressed children on both sides of a relatively narrow street, wagging their tails or nosing around for food.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“我到了加德滿都以后，一下飛機(jī)，在機(jī)場(chǎng)受到熱情友好的接待，汽車一駛離機(jī)場(chǎng)，駛?cè)胧袃?nèi)，”整合意思為“到了加德滿都，在機(jī)場(chǎng)受到熱情友好的接待后，我就被帶到了市里”譯為At Katmandu, the moment I was driven into town after meeting with a warm and friendly reception at the airport, the moment 來(lái)表示”一..。就“的意思，放在最前面，使整個(gè)句子降為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
2，根據(jù)上下文，“我萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到”是主要?jiǎng)釉~，其內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是“見(jiàn)到狗”這件事，因此作者調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，譯為I was greatly surprised to see dogs…(為了句式順暢，譯者反話正譯，將“沒(méi)想到”譯為“驚訝于”)
3，“大狗、小狗、黑狗、黃狗”在原文中作“看到”的賓語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)先譯表示共性的詞，即“狗”，之后的顏色以后置的方式列出。這也是翻譯表示列舉的句子時(shí)的常用方法
4，“在不算太寬敞的馬路兩旁”和“在一群衣履比較隨便的小孩子們中間，”一起翻譯，與“搖尾乞食，低頭覓食。”一同后置，譯為in the midst of casually-dressed children on both sides of a relatively narrow street, wagging their tails or nosing around for food.注意介詞的使用
綜述：
譯者采用將這一長(zhǎng)句譯為另一長(zhǎng)句的~雖然并不推薦翻譯時(shí)使用過(guò)長(zhǎng)的句子，但分析長(zhǎng)句是有助于我們整體水平提高的。
這是一件小事，卻使我喜出望外：久未晤面的親愛(ài)的狗竟在萬(wàn)里之外的異域會(huì)面了。
Small as the incident was, I was immensely overjoyed to meet out of the blue in a remote foreign land dear dogs that I had not seen for ages.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“久未謀面的親愛(ài)的狗竟在萬(wàn)里之外的異域會(huì)面“ 譯為to meet out of the blue in a remote foreign land dear dogs that I had not seen for ages. 其中out of the blue 作”出乎意料”解~這是本文第二個(gè)out of 的短語(yǔ)了~
Out of+名詞通�？梢员硎�“不…;無(wú)…:非…”
狗們大概完全不理解我的心情，它們大概連辨別本國(guó)人和外國(guó)人的本領(lǐng)還沒(méi)有學(xué)到。我這里一往情深，它們卻漠然無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，只是在那里搖尾低頭，到處嗅著，想找到點(diǎn)什么東西吃吃。
Presumably these dogs were entirely ignorant of my state of mind and perhaps even incapable of telling a foreigner from a native. They appeared totally apathetic towards me in spite of my partiality for them and kept wagging their tails with lowered heads and nosing around for food.
要點(diǎn):
1，”辨別“可譯為tell A from B, distinguish between A and B
2,“不能做某事“=be incapable of doing
3,” 我這里一往情深, 它們卻漠然無(wú)動(dòng)于衷”即“他們對(duì)我的一往情深完全無(wú)感“，譯為T(mén)hey appeared totally apathetic towards me in spite of my partiality for them。其中”一往情深“譯為partiality即”偏愛(ài)，偏袒“
綜述：注意本段be ignorant of,和be apathetic towards的使用
晚上，我們從中國(guó)大使館回旅館的時(shí)候，天已經(jīng)完全黑了。加德滿都的大街上，電燈不算太多，霓虹燈的數(shù)目更少一些。我在陰影中又隱隱約約地看到了大狗、小狗、黑狗、黃狗，在那里到處嗅著�；氐铰灭^，在沐浴后上床的時(shí)候，從遠(yuǎn)處的黑暗中傳來(lái)了陣陣的犬吠聲。古人說(shuō)，深夜犬吠若豹。我現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)到的不是吠聲若豹，而是吠聲若犬。這事當(dāng)然并不稀奇，可這并不稀奇的若犬的犬吠聲卻給我?guī)?lái)了無(wú)盡的甜蜜的回憶。這甜蜜的犬吠聲一直把我送入我在加德滿都過(guò)的第一夜的夢(mèng)中。
In the evening, it was already dark when we were on our way to the hotel from the Chinese Embassy. The streets of Katmandu were illuminated by only a few electric lamps, and still fewer neon lights. In the dim light I vaguely saw again dogs, big and small, black and yellow, nosing around here and there. Back in the hotel, when I was getting into bed after a bath, I heard dogs barking again and again in the distant darkness. It remained me of the old saying, “A dog’s bark at dead of night resembles that of a leopard.” To me, however, what I heard was dogs’ barking, pure and simple, having nothing whatever in common with that of leopards. The barking was nothing out of the ordinary, yet it brought back to me one sweet memory after another. The sweet barking sent the me straight into the dreams I had on my first night at Katmandu.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“古人說(shuō)，深夜犬吠若豹“中的”古人說(shuō)“用It remained me of the old saying，用It remained me of sth 表示承上啟下，是文學(xué)翻譯常用的手段，常見(jiàn)的還有 as the says going。。。
2，pure and simple 意為 “完全的，十足的，不折不扣的“用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣
3，“并不稀奇”譯為 nothing out of the ordinary ,out of 第三次出現(xiàn)了~與nothing 搭配，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣
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