英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知多點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法存在句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：there be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)可以是代詞嗎
there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)可以是代詞，如：
There’s but we two.
只有我們兩個(gè)人。
Let’s see, there’s you and me…
讓我想一想，有你和我……
I’m old and he is my son. There is only he to take my body to the grave.
我老了，他是我的兒子。只有他給我送葬了。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：判斷此題是定語(yǔ)從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
例題解析：
It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where
答案選A，填對(duì)此句的關(guān)鍵是要弄清第二空必須填 that，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如：
(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
【分析】此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句who had been in prison)。
(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
【分析】此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 in this room，where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語(yǔ)從句。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其他從句的比較：
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句的比較：
強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was …that同時(shí)省去，句子仍然成立;而主語(yǔ)從句將that與后面部分代替it，成立。如：
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見(jiàn)到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立，因此前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤，因此，前面句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而是主語(yǔ)從句。
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的比較：
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的'It沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，It be與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語(yǔ)從句中的It是主語(yǔ)，It be與that不可同時(shí)省略;
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)相一致;而定語(yǔ)從句中主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí)，也不能將that換成which;而定語(yǔ)從句中的that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可被省略，并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替。
◎當(dāng)it be后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如：
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買(mǎi)的書(shū)。(本句是對(duì)What is that?問(wèn)句的回答，that所引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣(mài)的就是這本書(shū)。(本句相當(dāng)于對(duì)I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過(guò)去常在開(kāi)會(huì)的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)前面的room進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，它是定語(yǔ)從句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過(guò)去我們開(kāi)會(huì)就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分，本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)a day進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，是定語(yǔ)從句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句的比較：
◎狀語(yǔ)從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語(yǔ);而強(qiáng)調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。
◎狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
◎狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where，而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如：
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書(shū)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)such an interesting book)
(比較：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。定語(yǔ)從句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時(shí)間主從復(fù)合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來(lái)了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the next morning)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首句子要倒裝。
例題解析：
Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A，C，這比較容易排除，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語(yǔ)中。本題之所以要選B而不選D，主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in thisway 的緣故，按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則：“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，句子通常要用倒裝語(yǔ)序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問(wèn)句形式)。如：
1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到是我錯(cuò)了。
2. “only+介詞短語(yǔ)”位于句首。如：
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。
3. “only+狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首。如：
Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個(gè)人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。
注意：若位于句首的不是only+狀語(yǔ)，而是 only+賓語(yǔ)等，則通常無(wú)需倒裝(但有時(shí)也可以倒裝)。如：
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們?cè)诮稚现豢吹揭粋�(gè)警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：感嘆句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)!
What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【說(shuō)明】 在感嘆句中，What a / an 常用來(lái)修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，若其前面的形容詞為元音開(kāi)頭，則用 an。what 是用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾，使抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，則要用 what a / an，如：
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場(chǎng)雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!
【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)!
How well you look! 你氣色真好!
How kind you are! 你心腸真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽(tīng)!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
【說(shuō)明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句，但動(dòng)詞不提前。如：
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：陳述句改為感嘆句
感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：
How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!
How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!
What +名詞+其他成分!
What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
請(qǐng)看以下例子：
It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。
→ What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!
It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。
→ What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!
He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。
→ How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)啊!
Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過(guò)得很快。
→ How quickly time passed! 時(shí)間過(guò)得真快!
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