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英語特殊句式語法匯總
強調句的十種結構:
1.用助動詞“do(does/did)+動詞原形”來表示強調:
Do write to me when you get there.你到那兒后務必給我來信。
2.用形容詞very,only,single,such等修飾名詞或形容詞來加強語氣:
How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢買這么貴的寶石呢?
3.用ever,never,very,just等副詞和badly,highly,really等帶有-l y的副詞來進行強調:
I really don’t know what to do next.我的確不知道下一步該怎么做。
4.用in the world,on earth,at all等介詞短語可以表達更強的語氣(常用于疑問句):
Where in the world could he be?他到底會在哪兒?
5.用感嘆句來表示強烈的感情,突出說話人的情感:
How interesting a story it is!這是一個多么有趣的故事啊!
6.用重復來表示強調:
Why!why!The cage is empty!啊!啊!箱子是空的。
7.用倒裝句(也就是將要強調的句子或被強調的部分置于句首)來加強語氣:
On the table were some flowers.桌上擺著一些花。(強調地點)
8.用強調句型:“It is(was)+被強調的部分+that(who)+原句其它部分”來強調說話人的意愿:
It was on Monday night that all this happened.所有這一切發生在周一晚上。
9.用If來表示強調:
1)If從句+I don’t know who/what,etc.does/is/has,etc.
主語部分也可以用nobody does/is/has,etc.或everybody does/is/has,et c.來代替(這里的if從句往往是正話反說,反話正說):
If he can’t do it,I don’t know who can.要是他做不了這件事,我不知道還有誰能做。(強調只有他能做) If Jim is a coward,everybody is.要是吉姆是個膽小鬼,那么人人都是膽小鬼。(強調吉姆不是膽小鬼)
2)if從句+it be主句(此用法可看成是第8中強調句型的變形,即把所要強調的內容放在it be的后面,把其它內容放在由if引導的從句中):
If anyone knew the truth,it was Tom.如果說誰了解事實的真相,那便是湯姆。
10.用破折號、黑體字也可以表示強調,加強語氣:
It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work.那是因為艱苦的工作--十年艱苦的工作!
He began the work in late May.他在五月底開始的這項工作。(強調時間)
英語語法倒裝句知識點:讓步狀語從句倒裝用法系統歸納
有這樣一道考題:
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體說來,它主要涉及兩個考點:一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結構,主要是為了強調位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等,其詞序形式為:被強調的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中,位于句首的單數可數名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習慣,英語中的單數可數名詞在泛指時,一般要有不定冠詞的修飾,但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數可數名詞是個例外,即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知,上面這道考題的答案應為B。
為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法,本文將這類語法現象歸納為以下五種句型:
一、名詞+as / though+主語+動詞
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王,但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個孩子,但卻知道幫助別人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師,但也不可能什么都懂。
【說明】其中的動詞通常為連系動詞,也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動詞的表語。另外,要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習慣上不用冠詞,即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較:
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩,卻喜歡與女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅強,但在過去的數周里也受到了嚴峻的考驗。
二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功,但不驕傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來不太可能,但卻是真的。
Stupid as it sounds,I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢,我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。
Patient as he was,he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心,也不愿等這么長。
Beautiful though the necklace was,we thought it was over-priced. 那條項鏈雖然很漂亮,我們認為價錢太高。
【說明】其中的動詞也通常為連系動詞,也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動詞的表語。
三、副詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快,你總不能在兩天之內就讀完這本書。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力,卻未能取得很大進步。
Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大,但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。
【說明】有的詞典將much as 作為習語看待,認為它是一個用以引導讓步狀語從句的復合連詞。再如:
Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他,但我卻不喜歡他這個人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。
四、動詞原形+as / though+主語+動詞
Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對,我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設法,卻未解決這個問題。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他,但必須承認他的偉大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了,我們卻得到了許多經驗。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了,但他卻以其反對奴隸制的激烈演說而出了名。
【說明】主語后的動詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態動詞或助動詞(若表示情態意義,則選用情態動詞;若陳述事實,則用did, do 等助動詞)。
五、分詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨,我還是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著,但我們還是設法前進了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個勁地嚼著蘋果,但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動。
【三條補充說明】
1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導,但不能用although來引導;但是,未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導,而不能用as來引導。也就是說,although引導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝,as引導讓步狀語從句時必須倒裝,而though引導讓步狀語從句時可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如:
雖然很晚了,但我們還是繼續工作。
正:Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正:Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
誤:Late although it was, we still went on working.
誤:As it was late, we still went on working.
2. 上面提到的倒裝結構有時也可用來表示原因,區別的辦法主要看句子的內容:讓步從句的內容大多數與主句在意義上相反,而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關系。比較:
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了,但還是學習到很晚才睡。(表讓步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因為很累,所以他睡得很早。(表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕,卻能勝任這項工作。(表讓步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因為年輕,所以不能勝任這項工作。(表原因)
3. 在美國英語中,人們通常用as…as引導讓步狀語從句。如:
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷,我們還是出去了。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了,但不驕傲。
英語語法倒裝句知識點:“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝
請看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題:
Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are
此題應選 B。容易誤選D。至于A,C,這比較容易排除,因為情態動詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D,主要是因為句首用了only in thisway 的緣故,按照英語語法規則:“only+狀語”位于句首,句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如:
1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時我才意識到是我錯了。
2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如:
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。
3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如:
Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。
注意:若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝(但有時也可以倒裝)。如:
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們在街上只看到一個警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點。
英語語法感嘆句知識點:感嘆句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
What a clever boy he is! (他是個)多么聰明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (這是個)多么有趣的故事啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【說明】 在感嘆句中,What a / an 常用來修飾單數可數名詞,若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭,則用 an。what 是用來修飾復數可數名詞和不可數名詞。但有些不可數名詞,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,當前面有形容詞修飾,使抽象名詞具體化時,則要用 what a / an,如:
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!
【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
How well you look! 你氣色真好!
How kind you are! 你心腸真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 這個男孩多么聰明啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
【說明】how還可以修飾動詞構成感嘆句,但動詞不提前。如:
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫生啊!
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!
英語語法感嘆句知識點:陳述句改為感嘆句,感嘆句通常有what, how引導,表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞,感嘆句結構主要有以下幾種:
How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!
How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!
What +名詞+其他成分!
What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+復數名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+不可數名詞+其他成分!
請看以下例子:
It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。
→ What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!
It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。
→ What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!
He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細。
→ How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細啊!
Time passed quickly. 時間過得很快。
→ How quickly time passed! 時間過得真快!
英語語法感嘆句知識點:感嘆句后接附加疑問句,感嘆句之后有時可接附加疑問句,如:
How odd, isn’t it?
多怪,是不是?
What a magnificent building, isn’t it?
多么雄偉的建筑,對不對!
How nice, isn’t it?
多好呀,不是嗎!
What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he?
他咳得好歷害,是不是?
How exciting the game is, isn’t it?
好刺激的比賽啊,不是嗎?
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