英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句（附用法+練習(xí)題）
賓語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)最重要的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容之一,下面是小編為大家收集整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句相關(guān)內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀。
| 【1】賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)介 |
| 【2】賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn) |
| 【3】賓語(yǔ)從句的用法 |
| 【4】賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) |
| 【5】能力提高練習(xí) |
賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)介
一、賓語(yǔ)從句的含義
在主句中做賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
她知道這位老師看過(guò)這部電影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又是由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以它叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句的定義
置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的分類
1. 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。
2.介詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你剛才說(shuō)的話。
3.形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于形容詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要遲到了。
四、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1. that:沒(méi)有含義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分
2.whether/if:表示是否，在賓語(yǔ)從句中不做成分。
I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后，他是否還住在這里。
3.連接代詞：what, which, who, whom, whose（在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主、賓、表和定語(yǔ)）
連接副詞：where, when, how, why（在賓語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)）
The small children dont know what is in their stockings．（what 在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)）
這些小孩子不知道什么在他們的'長(zhǎng)筒襪里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在賓語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)）
你能告訴我為什么你今天早上開(kāi)會(huì)遲到嗎？
五、在做賓語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)
1. 時(shí)態(tài)：
①當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
I dont know when he will come back．我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。
②當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句必須是一種過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。
③當(dāng)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理的句子做賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老師說(shuō)過(guò)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
2.語(yǔ)序：任何從句都使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)然也不例外。
六、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有以下三種
1. 引導(dǎo)詞 that只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中或非正式文體中常省略。
例如：He knew （that） he should work hard.
2. 引導(dǎo)詞 if/ whether，意為“是否”在口語(yǔ)中常用if，連詞if/ whether不能省略。
例如：Tom didn’t know if/ whether his grandpa liked the present.
3. 由疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
疑問(wèn)代詞有：what，who，whom，whose，
which等，在賓語(yǔ)從句中主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等。疑問(wèn)副詞有：when， where， why， how， 在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語(yǔ)。
例如：1） We don’t know who will win the match. （who作從句的主語(yǔ)）
2） The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？ （which作從句的定語(yǔ)）
七、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)真理時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)
1、賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。
2、從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
3、連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，口語(yǔ)中一般可以省略。
4、whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中不做任何成分，但有具體的含義，意為“是否”。if/whether不能省略。
5、如果從句太長(zhǎng)，可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it.
6、補(bǔ)充：從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.
7、分類：賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類:
（1）動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句.時(shí)態(tài)：
①主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)。
②主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
③當(dāng)為客觀事實(shí)和科學(xué)真理時(shí)，從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
（2）賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告訴我他將在下一年上大學(xué). I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒(méi)人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試. 連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.
8、Do you know who has won this game?你知道誰(shuí)贏了這一局游戲嗎 I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你該依靠誰(shuí). The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Huawei or Apple smart phone? 你決定好是買(mǎi)華為還是蘋(píng)果的手機(jī)了嗎?連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤(pán)嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買(mǎi)到.
（3）動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯. He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 他告訴我們?cè)谡麄�(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的. 部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的所有票都賣光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢(qián)嗎? 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的這些詞有:make sure確保 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤.
9、可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我沒(méi)去聚會(huì),感覺(jué)非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫(xiě)日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話.（when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it是代詞，代指這種情況） I hate it that i love you.我討厭我愛(ài)你。（it是形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開(kāi)啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.
③若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.
3、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的.俱樂(lè)部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書(shū)是關(guān)于神舟六號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無(wú)所知.
4、形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised.I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過(guò)考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.
5、if,whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別：
①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if
②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。
⑤避免歧義時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.6.哪些賓語(yǔ)從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于主句尾,賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；在直接引語(yǔ)中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是：think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he won’t come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)我的舞會(huì).I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來(lái)不仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講課，是不是?
10、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候
①?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在一個(gè)西方的國(guó)家讀書(shū),可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我是否正在讀《老人與海》.
②從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.
③從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問(wèn)政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說(shuō)月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰(shuí)為他們最喜歡的歌手賓語(yǔ)從句，即：在主句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。 連接詞一般都是that(指事物或人),which（指事）,who（指人）
1、從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。
2、從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether…ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。
3、從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問(wèn)代、副詞作連接詞。
注意：當(dāng)who為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語(yǔ)+其他三：判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：
1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況；
2、主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1、The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. 【A. was B. is C. were D. are】
2、I believe that our team____ the basketball match.【 A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 】
3、I don’t know____ to visit the old man. 【A. whether B. if C. that D. who】
4、The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. 【A.which；where B.what；which C.where；which D.what；where】答：選B，動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表疑問(wèn)含義“哪一個(gè)…”而此句中并非疑問(wèn)含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過(guò)去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對(duì)其修飾的定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語(yǔ)，use sth. as…“把…用作…whether + or not 賓語(yǔ)從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞后；eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes？
注：
（1）主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致： 主句謂語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需；eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過(guò)去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)；eg． He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移，及完成反意問(wèn)句； 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句否定式時(shí)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱）eg． I dont think you are right ,are you ? I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）在表示建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 決定 decide； 命令 order、command； 堅(jiān)決主張 insist； 等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）如果賓語(yǔ)從句后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句后置eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）賓語(yǔ)從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略A．當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他不能省略。eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?．B．當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．C．當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)eg．That our team will win，I believe．
賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
一、賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞：that
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（陳述語(yǔ)序）
注意：
引導(dǎo)詞為that ；
語(yǔ)序?yàn)関.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+由if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；
主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí) 從句為任意時(shí)態(tài)。
從屬連詞連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問(wèn)詞（what， how， where， when ...）that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，if和whether，whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。
連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what,whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外，也可以指陳述。
連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例句：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。注：賓語(yǔ)從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面。
二、動(dòng)賓從句
大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的這些詞有：make sure（確保）、make up one’s mind（下決心）、keep in mind（牢記）
可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it（雙賓語(yǔ)）這類動(dòng)詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
三、介賓從句
用whether之類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句。
用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見(jiàn)到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
四、形容+賓從句
有些形容詞具有動(dòng)詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；
例句：
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
五、詞語(yǔ)用法
if與whether
①if和whether在作“是否”理解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if。
②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether。
③whether后可以緊跟or not,但是if不可以。e.g.Steve wonders whether or not David wants to hit Rain.=Steve wonders whether David wants to hit Rain or not.=Steve wonders if David wants to hit Rain or not.但是不可以寫(xiě)成Steve wonders if or not David wants to hit Rain.
I cantremember if I posted the letter or not. 我不記得有沒(méi)有寄出那封信（——From 《牛津英漢詞典·If》）
④在不定式前只能用whether。
⑤一般“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。
不省略引導(dǎo)詞
存在以下情況時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略：
一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略。
主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.
如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的'形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。
時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序
當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.
當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)
①?gòu)木溆靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
②從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前
③從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后
④如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化
⑤當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí)，不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首
無(wú)論任何時(shí)候都為陳述語(yǔ)序.但也有部分口語(yǔ)提問(wèn)例外 E.G:Whats the matter?Whats wrong with you?
賓語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
單項(xiàng)選擇。
1.The weather forecast doesn’t say ______.
A.if it rains tomorrow
B.if does it rain tomorrow
C.if it will rain tomorrow
D.if will it rain tomorrow
2.Do you know _____?
A.whose pen is this
B. whose pen this is
C.whom does the pen belong to
D.whom the pen belong to
3.Could you tell me where _____?
A.the tape was
B.was the tape
C.the tape is
D.is the tape
4.They want to know _____?
A.where is the hospital
B.how old are you
C.when the train will leave
D.why is the boy crying
5.Tony wanted to know _________.
A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B.when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C.what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
6.I wonder _________ .
A.how much cost these shoes
B.how much do these shoes cost
C.how much these shoes cost
D.how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________
A.who he was
B.who was he
C.who is he D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A.whose cup this is
B.whose cup is this
C.this is whose cup
D.whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _____.
A.what time the movie starts
B.what time starts the movie
C.the time to start the movie
D.the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long _____.
A.was I ill
B.have I been ill
C.I have been ill
D.I had been ill
11.Have you decided _____for Australia?
A.when will you leave
B.when do you leave
C.you will leave when
D.when you will leave
12.Can you tell me ____?
A.where does Tom live
B.where Tom lived
C.Tom lives where
D.where Tom lives
13.The old man asked me ________ .
A.where was the cinema
B.where is the cinema
C.where the cinema was
D.where was the way to the cinema
14.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if
C. why D. how
15.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A.that B.whether
C.weather D.how
16.No one knows ___the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A.when B.whether
C.where D.if
17.July didn’t know______.
A.where is Tim’s father
B.when was the first watch made
C.who the old man is
D.what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A.how should we do
B.what we should do
C.what to do
D.what should we do
19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A.how do it
B.how to do
C.what do it
D.what to do
20.He asked me _________.
A.whether I find out the sender of the money
B.whether did I find out the sender of the money
C.whether the sender of the money found out
D.whether I found out the sender of the money
1.參考答案C。if連接賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
2.參考答案B。whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語(yǔ)。
3.參考答案C。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
4.參考答案C。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，時(shí)態(tài)不受限制。
5.參考答案C。主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭フQ老人是之前就把禮物放進(jìn)襪子里了，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
6.參考答案C。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序.
7.參考答案A。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,who 作從句的'賓語(yǔ)。
8.參考答案A。whose是所有格，所以后面要有一個(gè)名詞，整體做從句的賓語(yǔ)。
9.參考答案A。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
10.參考答案D。主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，醫(yī)生問(wèn)我之前我已經(jīng)病了，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
11.參考答案D。你決定什么時(shí)候去澳大利亞了嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
12.參考答案D。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，where作從句的賓語(yǔ)。
13.參考答案C。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，where表示地點(diǎn)。
14.參考答案A。if表示選擇，我想你是否將喜歡他。
15.參考答案B。有or not， 所以用whether.
16.參考答案B。有or not就用whether.
17.參考答案D。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序, 主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
18.參考答案B。沒(méi)有人告訴我們應(yīng)該做什么，所以我們需要你的幫助。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，如果選B就是沒(méi)有人做什么，us后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，而us是賓格不能作從句的主語(yǔ)，所以 C選項(xiàng)缺少賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選B.
19.參考答案D。我們不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陸地和海洋。What做to do 的賓語(yǔ)。
20.參考答案D。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，他問(wèn)我是否我能找出寄錢(qián)的人，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
能力提高練習(xí)
單項(xiàng)選擇。
1.I dont know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, Ill tell you．
A.if; Whether
B.whether; Whether
C.if; That
D.if; If
2.I dont know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A.when does he come
B.how will he come
C.if he comes
D.whether hell come
3.Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?
A.what B.how
C.whether D. where
4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A.how did he mend
B.what did he mend
C.how he mended
D.what he mended
5.I want to know _________.
A.whom is she looking after
B.whom she is looking
C.whom is she looking
D.whom she is looking after
6.Do you know where _________ now?
A.he lives B.does he live
C.he lived D.did he live
7.Do you know what time _________?
A.the train leave
B.does the train leave
C.will the train leave
D.the train leaves
8.I dont know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A.how the two players are old
B.how old are the two players
C.the two players are how old
D.how old the two players are
9.The small children dont know _________.
A.what is their stockings in
B.what is in their stockings
C.where is their stockings in
D.what in their stockings
10.I cant understand _____.
A.what does Christmas mean
B.what Christmas does mean
C.what mean Christmas does
D.what Christmas means
11.I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A.who B.what
C.when D.where
12.Could you tell me ___________?
A.where do you live
B.who you are waiting for
C.who were you waiting for
D.where you live in
13.Do you still remember _______?
A.that he said
B.what he said
C.did he say that
D.what did he say
14.I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A.why she left
B.why did she leave
C.why she had left
D.why had she left
15.She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A.rise B.rose
C.rises D.had risen
16.They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A.how far/ had gone
B.how long/ has gone
C.how far/ went
D.how far / had run
17.The manager came up to see __________.
A.what was the matter
B.what the matter was
C.what the matter is
D.what’s the matter
18.Can you tell me ___________?
A.what are you doing
B.where do you study
C.what you were doing
D.what to do it
19.He asked his father _______.
A.where it happens
B.where did it happen
C.how it happened
D.how did it happen
20.No one tells us______， so we need your help.
A.how we should do
B.what should we do
C.how to do it
D.what to do it
1.參考答案D. 前一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示選擇“是否”，后一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，所以用主將從現(xiàn)。
2.參考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回來(lái)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
3.參考答案D. where表示地點(diǎn)，最近的醫(yī)院在哪里。
4.參考答案C 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，已經(jīng)說(shuō)了是修理錄音機(jī)，所以不用what, 而用how.
5.參考答案D賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，whom作照顧的賓語(yǔ)。
6.參考答案A 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受限制，住在哪里用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
7.參考答案D賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，從句是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
8.參考答案D賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。
9.參考答案B賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，what在從句中做主語(yǔ)。
10.參考答案D 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，what在從句中做賓語(yǔ)。
11.參考答案C. 因?yàn)楹竺娴膹木涫钦f(shuō)他將回家，所以前面應(yīng)該是我不知道他什么時(shí)間回家。
12.參考答案B. B是陳述語(yǔ)序，D可以用where you live或which you live in.
13.參考答案B. 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，what在賓語(yǔ)從句中做said的賓語(yǔ)。
14.參考答案A. 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句用現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)事實(shí)用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。
15.參考答案C. 客觀真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
16.參考答案D. 距離多遠(yuǎn)一般用how far，go是個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)該用可以表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。
17.參考答案A. 主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句要用過(guò)去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)，所以C、D排除。What作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。
18.參考答案D. what作動(dòng)詞不定式的.真正賓語(yǔ)。
19.參考答案C. 賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
20.參考答案C. 因?yàn)椴恢鯓幼觯孕枰愕膸椭绻遣恢雷鍪裁矗瑫?huì)有人告訴你做什么的。如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，則特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序不變。
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