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托福閱讀素材之信息安全
同學(xué)們在備考托福閱讀的時候，大量的練習(xí)和閱讀量是必不可少的。下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)黻P(guān)于信息安全類的托福閱讀素材，希望能有所幫助哦!
托福閱讀素材之信息安全1
關(guān)于信息安全類的托福閱讀素材
Today, tracking consumers is far more intrusive than the public realizes. For example, the top 50 websites in the US on average installed 64 pieces of tracking technology onto the computers of visitors, usually with no warning.
現(xiàn)如今，追蹤技術(shù)的植入程度已經(jīng)遠超社會大眾的想象。例如，全美最大的50家網(wǎng)站平均在訪問者的電腦上安裝了64種追蹤技術(shù)，而且通常都沒有任何警告。
The "cookie"- a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site,or to track you across many sites-is already old news. There are new and more complex tools such as "beacons" which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage. These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.
過去，網(wǎng)站或營銷公司會在你的電腦上安裝一個小文本(cookie)，用來記錄你對一個網(wǎng)站的喜好，或者跟蹤你訪問各個網(wǎng)站的情況。但如今，像beacon這種更新穎、更復(fù)雜的.軟件可以在人們?yōu)g覽網(wǎng)頁時進行實時掃描，然后立即對用戶的地址、收入、購物興趣，甚至醫(yī)療條件等因素進行評估。
Tracking files get onto websites and are downloaded to a computer, in several ways. Often, companies simply pay sites to distribute their tracking files. But tracking companies sometimes hide their files within free software offered to websites, or hide them within other tracking files or ads. When this happens, websites aren't always aware that they're installing the files on visitors' computers.
網(wǎng)站安裝、下載追蹤文件的方式多種多樣。通常，公司付費給網(wǎng)站來發(fā)布他們的追蹤文件。但是，追蹤公司偶爾也會將文件隱藏在網(wǎng)站上的免費軟件或其他追蹤文件或廣告中。這種情況下，網(wǎng)站本身也不清楚他們在用戶電腦上安裝了追蹤文件。
Tracking companies are often staffed by math gurus with expertise in quantitative analysis. Some use probability algorithms to try to pair what they know about a person's online behavior with data from offline sources about household income, geography and education, among other things.
追蹤公司的員工多為精通定量分析的數(shù)學(xué)專家。他們通過使用幾率算法，根據(jù)了解到的用戶的線上行為來推算線下資料，比如家庭收入、所在地和教育程度等。
Personal data gathered from such tracking is now bought and sold on stock market-like exchanges.
通過此種追蹤手段收集來的個人信息會在交易所等證券市場進行買賣交易。
The new technology is now exerting a profound impact on the Internet industry, especially on how retailers locate and sell to their customers. Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented threats. Private, sensitive, personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.
這項新技術(shù)已經(jīng)對時下的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，尤其是對零售商尋找潛在用戶、銷售商品而言更是如此。與此同時，這對世界各地數(shù)百萬的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶們來說也是個前所未有的威脅。他們的私人、敏感甚至商業(yè)信息都在不知不覺中被收集和出售。
Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly. But the technology has grown so powerful and evasive that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers. These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.
對此，追蹤公司表示，他們是以匿名的方式收集此類信息，而且這些信息的使用對用戶無害。但是，追蹤技術(shù)成長得如此強大，使用如此隱秘，就連美國最大的一些網(wǎng)站也不知道自己在用戶電腦上安裝了入侵文件。這其中就包括MSN網(wǎng)和Yahoo網(wǎng)。
Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy, don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.
所以，下次瀏覽網(wǎng)頁的時候如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有廣告向你推薦商品，而這些商品恰恰是你最近想買的東西時，千萬別驚嘆什么“電腦居然能讀懂我的心”啦。
托福閱讀素材之信息安全2
A great way to get to know someone better is to say something that makes them laugh.
想要更好地了解別人，一個好辦法就是說些能讓他們發(fā)笑的事。
Sharing a few good giggles and chuckles makes people more willing to tell others something personal about themselves, without even necessarily being aware that they are doing so, suggests new research.
新研究顯示，分享一些好笑的事會讓人更樂意告訴別人自己的私事，甚至當(dāng)他們這樣做的時候，也根本不會意識到這一點。
Alan Gray of University College London discovered the tidbit in a new study recently published in the journal Human Nature.
英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(University College London)的艾倫格雷(Alan Gray)在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一有趣的現(xiàn)象。最近，他的這項研究成果發(fā)表在了《人類天性》(Human Nature)雜志上。
According to Gray, the act of verbally opening up to someone is a crucial building block that helps to form new relationships and intensify social bonds.
格雷認為，用言語向他人敞開心扉的行為是幫助人們建立新關(guān)系，增強人與人之間社會聯(lián)系的重要基本要素。
Such self-disclosure can be of a highly sensitive nature — like sharing one’s religious convictions or personal fears — or a superficial tidbit such as one’s favorite type of food.
自我表露的過程具有高度敏感性——好比分享宗教信仰或者害怕之物——或者只是一個流于表面的趣聞，比如最愛的.食物類型。
To investigate the role and influence of laughter in this disclosure process, Gray and his colleagues gathered 112 students from Oxford University in England, into groups of four.
為了調(diào)查笑聲在自我表露過程中扮演的角色和產(chǎn)生的影響，格雷和他的同事從英國牛津大學(xué)(Oxford University)召集了112個學(xué)生，并把他們分為四組。
The students did not know one another. The groups watched a 10-minute video together, without chatting to one another.
學(xué)生們彼此都不認識。每組會坐在一起看一個10分鐘的視頻，期間并無交談。
The videos differed in the amount of laughter they invoked, and the amount of positive feelings or emotions they elicited.
視頻的區(qū)別在于，引人發(fā)笑的頻率和傳達積極情緒或情感的效力各有不同。
One featured a stand-up comedy routine by Michael McIntyre, another a straightforward golf instruction video, and the third a pleasant nature excerpt from the “Jungles” episode of the BBC’s Planet Earth series.
一個視頻是邁克爾麥金太爾(Michael McIntyre)的單人喜劇秀，一個是簡短的高爾夫教學(xué)片，第三個是從《BBC行星地球系列》(BBC’s Planet Earth series)“叢林”(Jungles)一集里節(jié)選的一個令人愉悅的自然片段。
The levels of laughter and the participants’ emotional state after watching the video was the
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