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2018專四語言知識必考語法知識
2018專四語言知識題題型為詞匯語法選擇題，小編整理了2018專四語言知識必考語法知識，供考生們參考復習。
2018專四語言知識必考語法知識之虛擬語氣
�？�“堅決要命”型、would rather型、high time型的虛擬語氣和虛擬語氣的倒裝形式。“堅決要命”型指句子的主句中帶有表達“堅持、決定或決心、要求、命令”等意義的詞語，從句使用should型的虛擬語氣。
例如：
It is essential that he examine all the facts first. (2014)
Had it not been for your advice, I would have made the wrong decision. (2016)
It's getting late. I'd rather you left now. (2011)
值得注意的是，近幾年出現新的趨勢：在考查語言結構的基礎上，加入了對句子所表達的語氣、程度和深層語義的檢測。比如2016年的第20小題：
The sentence "I wish I had been more careful in spending money." expresses the speaker's _____.
A. hope B. joy
C. regret D. relief
2018專四語言知識必考語法知識之主謂一致
多年來側重考察集合名詞(如cattle，police，family，audience )、學科(如politics，physics, statistics)、時間、金錢、距離作為整體表示總量(如20 miles，5 dollars，30 minutes)、either...or，neither...nor的就近原則等幾個方面的主謂一致。近年的考題加強了綜合性，看是一個小題，卻能考察一個語法現象的幾個小點。
例如：
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? (2015)
A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.
B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.
C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.
D. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.
2018專四語言知識必考五類語法知識之情態動詞
情態動詞對中國學生是一個難點，也是考察的重點�？疾旆绞揭矎囊酝倪x出正確的用詞，提升到對情態動詞所表達的內涵的深度理解。
例如：
Which of the following sentences express Willingness? (2012)
A. By now she will be eating dinner.
B. I shall never do that again.
C. You shall get a promotion.
D. My brother will help you with the luggage.
又如:
Which of the following sentences expresses a Fact?(2013)
Which of the following sentences indicates Possibility? (2014)
Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of Possibility. (2016)
關于情態動詞，建議關注should除了“應該”外，還常表示“竟然”和“萬一”; shall可以用在第二、三人稱后表命令、要求、規定和意愿;Shall we是提出suggestion，而Shall I...是提出offer;must表肯定的推測，can not表否定的推測。
2018專四語言知識必考五類語法知識之句法成分和語法概念
自2010年起，每年都會有幾個題考察某個劃線部分/斜體部分在句子中的所做的成分或者相互關系，所以考生要熟悉一些語法術語的英語表達，如subject，predicate，object，appositive，complement， adverbial of condition / concession / time，dynamic verb，stative verb，reflexive pronouns等。
例如：
Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship? (2014)
A. He was reading Mary's letter in the room.
B. You can buy men's shoes in this shop.
C. Mrs. Blake's passport was lost.
D. The enemy's defeat brought the war to an end.
Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? (2015)
A. The man has a large family to support.
B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.
C. He was the last guest to leave.
D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.
Which of the following is a stative verb? (2015)
A. drink B. close
C. rain D. belong
2018專四語言知識必考語法知識之限定詞
限定詞(determiners)也成為考察的熱點，each，all, half，both，such，other，another，few，many，a bit等都在近年考題中出現。這些詞看司空見慣，但是對它們在句子中的位置和使用的準確度，考生們仍有不扎實之處。
小結
語法部分無外乎虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、主謂一致、情態動詞、反義疑問句、限定詞、時態語態、倒裝、各類從句、比較結構等十來個方面。上面五點是考試中出現頻率較高，甚至每年必考的內容。其他幾方面，考生可以仿照上面的方式，梳理近十年的考題，以點帶面，以題促練，進行考前強化。
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