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      1. 下半年公共英語三級(jí)考試常見語法解析

        時(shí)間:2024-10-14 20:34:57 公共英語 我要投稿
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        2016下半年公共英語三級(jí)考試常見語法解析

          PETS-3考試中語法占到了很大比重。而各位考生由于很久未系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)英語,常常對考試中出現(xiàn)的語法題目感到很“苦手”。本系列文章將對PETS-3常見的一些語法進(jìn)行解析,希望能對考生有所幫助。

        2016下半年公共英語三級(jí)考試常見語法解析

          第一節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

          一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

          1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的時(shí)間狀語從句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的條件狀語從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作,而主句則用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。

          例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.

          2、當(dāng)表示普遍的真理或者眾所周知的客觀事實(shí),常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例:The earth is round. 地球是圓的。

          二、一般過去時(shí):區(qū)分三個(gè)短語的用法:

          1、used to do sth:過去常常做某事。

          2、be/get used to doing sth:習(xí)慣做某事。

          3、be used to do sth:被用于做某事。

          三、一般將來時(shí)

          1、be to+動(dòng)詞原形:表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.

          2、be about to+動(dòng)詞原形:表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例:The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。

          3、一些表示動(dòng)作趨勢,如開始、終結(jié),以及一些表示動(dòng)作方向,如往來的動(dòng)詞,常常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按照安排將于將來發(fā)生的事情,這類動(dòng)詞常見的有如:start,go,leave,come,arrive等。例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京。

          四、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):

          重點(diǎn)區(qū)分when和while引起的時(shí)間狀語的用法。

          When表示時(shí)間上的點(diǎn),在考試中其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多翻譯為“這時(shí)?”,主句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多翻譯為“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”,該從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.

          I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.

          五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

          重點(diǎn)區(qū)分have (has) been to:某人去過某地,表示一種經(jīng)歷,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever連用;

          Have (has) gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語連用。例:He has gone to America.他已經(jīng)去了美國。He has been to America twice.他去過美國兩次。

          六、過去完成時(shí):

          1、強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另外一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作之前時(shí),用過去完成時(shí)。

          2、It was the first/second/last time that? 在該句型,that從句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

          七、將來完成時(shí):

          常常標(biāo)志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一個(gè)表示將來時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語,主句用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。

          第二節(jié) 感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞的用法及英語中?嫉膬蓚(gè)句式結(jié)構(gòu)

          一、感官動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語態(tài):在英語中,常見的感官動(dòng)詞有“五看二聽一感覺”(see、watch、look、notice、observe;hear、listen to、feel),在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),如see sb do/doing sth,改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)則要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.

          二、使役動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語態(tài):在英語中,常見的使役動(dòng)詞有make、let、have,在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形做賓補(bǔ),如make sb do sth,改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)則要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 兩種形式都表示使/讓某人做某事的意思。例:We were made to study hardy.我們被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。

          三、英語中?嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主語為物)例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。

          四、英語中?嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)二:have/get sth done 請/讓別人做某事(have/get后接賓語為物)

          例:I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped.

          五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去動(dòng)詞。例:The work must be finished before lunch. 這項(xiàng)工作必須在午飯前干完。

          第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

          常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can、could;may、might;must、need;should;ought to,對于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常考其兩方面的內(nèi)容,一是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測句型,二是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語氣(該部分的講解放在虛擬語氣)

          一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容推測的常見句型有:

          1、Can/may do sth:表示對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的可能性的推測;

          2、Must do sth:表示對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。

          二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對過去內(nèi)容推薦的常見句型:

          1、can/may have done sth:表示對過去內(nèi)容的可能性;

          2、must have done sth:表示對過去內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。

          例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.

          2、I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

          四、虛擬語氣表示與客觀事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),由if虛擬條件從句和主句構(gòu)成。

          一、虛擬語氣的基本內(nèi)容

          根據(jù)虛擬與其這種與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)所對應(yīng)的時(shí)間不同,虛擬語氣的if虛擬條件從句與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞分別有三類構(gòu)成形式:

          假設(shè)類型If虛擬條件從句

          主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 Did/were Would/should do 與過去事實(shí)相反 Had done Would/should have done 與將來事實(shí)可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do

          例:1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.

          2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money

          would have been lost

          3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

          4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.

          5、Do you think there would be less conflict (戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭) in the world if all people spoke the same language.

          6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.

          二、if的省略形式(又稱虛擬語氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))

          在if虛擬條件從句中,如果謂語部分包含were,should,had等詞,則可以把這些詞放到主語前,省略if,構(gòu)成虛擬語氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

          三、主句與從句時(shí)間不一致時(shí)虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

          當(dāng)虛擬語氣的if虛擬條件從句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),要根據(jù)各自表示的時(shí)間采用對應(yīng)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成形式。

          例:1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.

          2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.

          四、主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

          在英語中存在一些動(dòng)詞,表示建議、命令、要求等主觀的傾向,由這些動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的that賓語從句中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。這類常見的主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞有“一堅(jiān)持、二命令、三建議、五要求”,分別是:

          一堅(jiān)持:insist 二命令:order、command 三建議:suggest、advise(n advice)、propose(提議、建議) 五要求:ask、demand、require、request、desire

          例:1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.

          2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out. 同時(shí),如果在題干中出現(xiàn)上面這些主觀傾向性動(dòng)詞的名詞和形容詞形式,題干中從句部分的謂語動(dòng)詞也要用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略?荚囍谐R姷脑~匯有:order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,demand,request,desire,advisable,desirable.

          五、wish that和if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

          Wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句都用虛擬語氣來表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,其中wish that句型往往翻譯為:多么希望?;if only表示的愿望較wish that更強(qiáng)烈,常翻譯為但愿;要是?就好了。兩者的用法基本相同。兩者的用法是:1、當(dāng)表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的一種愿望時(shí),wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動(dòng)詞采用的形式是:did/were;

          2、當(dāng)表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的一種愿望時(shí),wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動(dòng)詞采用的形式是:had done;

          3、當(dāng)表示未來一時(shí)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種愿望時(shí),wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動(dòng)詞采用的形式是:would do.

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