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id="5vajrimf" class="info"> <span id="5vajrimf" class="time">時(shí)間：2024-08-19 12:56:01 </span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="sm_after_time"></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/bylw/qitaleilunwen/" title="其他類論文">其他類論文</a></span> <span id="5vajrimf" class="source"><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/usr/login.html" title="我要投稿">我要投稿</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript">s("content_top");</script> <div id="5vajrimf" class="content"> <p>交通科技大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐?/p> <p>　　交通越來越發(fā)達(dá)了，人們的出行也越來越方便了，下面小編為大家介紹交通科技大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐�，希望能幫到大家�?/p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="https://p.9136.com/00/l/c2dbcec42_2.jpg" alt="交通科技大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐?/></p><p>　　<strong>【論文摘要】</strong></p><p>　　由于高速公路路基的施工控制是十分復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，其涉及到的技術(shù)及內(nèi)容非常多樣，應(yīng)用也很多，目前路基的施工控制技術(shù)在高速公路施工中還不能得到有效應(yīng)用，工程中路基的質(zhì)量不夠穩(wěn)定。文章首先介紹了路基的施工控制技術(shù)，然后分析了其在施工過程中的應(yīng)用，以期提高路基的施工質(zhì)量。</p><p>　　<strong>【關(guān)鍵詞】</strong></p><p>　　高速公路；路基；施工技術(shù)；質(zhì)量控制</p><p>　　高速公路建設(shè)是一項(xiàng)關(guān)乎民生與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的工程，目前國家也在持續(xù)增加對高速公路工程的投資和建設(shè)。路基建設(shè)是高速公路施工中的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)，路基的質(zhì)量直接決定了高速公路整體的施工質(zhì)量。為保證路基的施工質(zhì)量，需在施工過程中應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的施工控制技術(shù)。但目前，許多高速公路在施工過程中還未能有效應(yīng)用這些控制技術(shù)，工程中路基的質(zhì)量不能保持穩(wěn)定。因此，如何在施工中高效地運(yùn)用施工控制技術(shù)，是目前學(xué)者們亟需解決的問題。</p><p>　　<strong>1 路基施工的基本流程</strong></p><p>　　高速公路路基施工，首先是對路基進(jìn)行放樣處理，再對地表進(jìn)行清理，隨后進(jìn)行路基的開挖工作并修理邊坡，最后再進(jìn)行路基的填筑、平整壓實(shí)路槽，進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢測。其中涉及到的控制技術(shù)包括路基的土方挖運(yùn)技術(shù)、路基的填筑壓實(shí)技術(shù)、路基的排水技術(shù)。</p><p>　　<strong>2 路基的挖運(yùn)</strong></p><p>　　路基的挖運(yùn)工序，需要按照一定的方法與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來操作，在挖土過程中從上而下進(jìn)行挖掘。特別是不同路段的路基，其路基工程不盡相同，需要根據(jù)其特點(diǎn)選擇不同的挖運(yùn)技術(shù)來對路基進(jìn)行挖運(yùn)控制。</p><p>　　2.1 路基的土方挖運(yùn)控制技術(shù)</p><p>　　一般而言，在對路基的土方進(jìn)行挖運(yùn)時(shí)，若高速公路的路塹較長，則需使用從上到下，分層次的縱向挖掘的方法進(jìn)行開挖，此時(shí)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵守土方挖方的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，禁止以路基方向進(jìn)行掏洞式的挖掘方式，防止邊坡出現(xiàn)明顯的不平整。當(dāng)對高速公路較短的路塹進(jìn)行挖運(yùn)時(shí)，需使用以路線橫向的挖掘方法；當(dāng)路塹的深度和寬度均較小時(shí)，需根據(jù)橫斷面全寬縱向進(jìn)行挖掘的方法；當(dāng)路塹的深度與寬度均較大時(shí)，需使用分段半挖、半填的方式進(jìn)行挖掘。對于其他類型的路基，則具體情況具體分析，爭取采用最合適的方式進(jìn)行挖掘。此外，在進(jìn)行土方挖運(yùn)時(shí)，需注意避開梅雨季節(jié)，若不能避開則需要定期進(jìn)行排水工作，建立排水系統(tǒng)，以防路基積水。同時(shí)應(yīng)注意定期修整路基的邊坡，保證路基的穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　2.2 路基的石方挖運(yùn)控制技術(shù)</p><p>　　與土方的挖運(yùn)相比，石方的挖掘更加復(fù)雜，在挖掘過程中，需要更高的控制技術(shù)。首先需要參考石方的類別、類型以及巖石的發(fā)育和風(fēng)化程度來確定其挖運(yùn)方式。當(dāng)需挖運(yùn)的巖石為軟石或者強(qiáng)風(fēng)化巖石，則可以采用機(jī)械挖掘?yàn)橹�，爆破挖掘�(yàn)檩o的挖掘方式。若需挖運(yùn)的巖石為硬度較高的石頭，則以爆破挖掘?yàn)橹鳌C(jī)械挖掘?yàn)檩o。在對石方進(jìn)行爆破挖掘之前，需要明確爆破周邊的環(huán)境，精確計(jì)算爆破的安全距離，再結(jié)合所需爆破的范圍制定詳細(xì)的爆破方案。在進(jìn)行爆破挖掘過程中，需實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控各項(xiàng)情況，在爆破后，需對爆破范圍內(nèi)的路基進(jìn)行檢查，保證路基的狀況良好。再根據(jù)路基石方的爆破情況，選擇二次挖運(yùn)的方式。此外，需要注意的是，爆破挖掘過程中通常會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的巖石碎塊，在爆破結(jié)束后需要及時(shí)處理。</p><p>　　<strong>3 路基的填筑壓實(shí)</strong></p><p>　　在對路基進(jìn)行分層填筑壓實(shí)時(shí)，需要采用分區(qū)段、分階段、分流程的傳統(tǒng)方式，并選擇壓縮形變量小、強(qiáng)度大、便于壓實(shí)的材料。路基的填料對路基的填筑壓實(shí)成效有決定性的作用，施工人員在選取填筑材料過程中，既要考慮材料的易取性，還要著重考慮材料是否具有合適的性質(zhì)。在進(jìn)行填筑之前，需要先收集路基填筑處的數(shù)據(jù)資料，如氣象、水文等，并對這些資料進(jìn)行分析，再結(jié)合工程的實(shí)際情況選取合理的填筑計(jì)劃。</p><p>　　3.1 路基的填筑控制技術(shù)</p><p>　　一般而言，路基的填料主要成分是土，在選取土材料時(shí)，需要保證其砂石、含水量等都符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不能用沼澤土、凍土等其他材料來代替。如果必須使用這些不合適的填料來當(dāng)作原料時(shí)，則需要采取一定的控制技術(shù)，使之轉(zhuǎn)化為合格的填料。比如，若必須使用黏土作為填料時(shí)，則需要控制好黏土的含水量，要經(jīng)常翻曬填料，并添加適量的石灰來降低其含水量。若必須采用凍土等含水量少的材料作為填料時(shí)，則需要在填料過程中灑入適當(dāng)?shù)乃�，以期提高填料的含水量�?/p><p>　　此外，在壓實(shí)路基前，對填筑的材料進(jìn)行含水檢查，以確保高速公路的安全可靠。</p><p>　　3.2 路基的壓實(shí)控制技術(shù)</p><p>　　路基在壓實(shí)過程中，需要保證路基的平整，并符合相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，若路基不平整，那即使在后續(xù)的攤鋪壓實(shí)工序后，路面仍然會(huì)因?yàn)槁坊牟黄秸纪共黄�。因此，在路基的填筑壓�?shí)過程中，需要嚴(yán)格遵守高速公路路基的相關(guān)施工要求，把控好路基的平整性。首先，在對高速公路進(jìn)行填料填筑之前，需先對路基做好場地清理工作，測量好填料的性質(zhì)和填料的含水量，并規(guī)劃好填料的運(yùn)送路線，在路基上規(guī)劃好網(wǎng)格，使運(yùn)送材料的車可以根據(jù)規(guī)劃，每格一車，按序卸土。其次，在進(jìn)行分層填土?xí)r，需要及時(shí)對路基進(jìn)行整理，并控制好路面的頂面標(biāo)高，注意其松鋪高度及分層壓實(shí)厚度。此外，還要考慮不同批次填料性能的不同，路基的填料層數(shù)不可過多。若路堤的高度低于1米時(shí)，需要對其進(jìn)行翻松再壓實(shí)。最后，為保證路基的強(qiáng)度與路基的穩(wěn)定度，路基在填筑過程中需進(jìn)行分層壓實(shí)，以期提高路基密度。在進(jìn)行路基壓實(shí)過程中，需先壓兩邊再壓中間，以形成路拱；先使用輕型碾輪、再使用重型碾輪，以期使路基強(qiáng)度逐漸增長；壓實(shí)速度先慢后快，粗中有細(xì)；在壓實(shí)后還應(yīng)對每層的壓實(shí)度進(jìn)行檢測，保證其符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以期實(shí)現(xiàn)壓實(shí)均勻無沉陷。</p><p>　　<strong>4 路基的排水</strong></p><p>　　水含量對路基施工的影響非常大，因此在高速公路施工中應(yīng)盡量避免梅雨天氣。如果避免不了，則要采取一定的路基排水措施。路基排水技術(shù)的目的是確保路基中填料的含水量一直保持在工程的可容許范圍之內(nèi)，以確保路基穩(wěn)定。</p><p>　　4.1 路基排水方法</p><p>　　根據(jù)前文中介紹的高速公路路基施工的基本流程，對高速公路路基進(jìn)行排水。路基的排水設(shè)備一般有地面排水與地下排水。地面排水一般是在路基上挖掘排水溝或者邊溝。地下排水一般是排水槽。路基的排水一般采用排水溝和邊溝進(jìn)行排水，在挖掘過程中需根據(jù)路基的填料選擇合適的挖掘方式。在挖掘過程中，一般先使用機(jī)械挖掘出一個(gè)有10cm余量的排水溝，再由人工進(jìn)行修整，以便保證排水溝的邊坡穩(wěn)定性。邊溝則通常是在高速公路的肩外挖出矩形的邊溝，并用水泥砌片石。邊溝的縱坡一般與路線的縱坡保持一致。若路基需要排掉路面的積水時(shí)，可以在邊溝下搭建縱向的滲溝。此外，對路基進(jìn)行挖掘時(shí)，還需對溝底高程進(jìn)行測量。挖掘出的填料要么夯實(shí)后堆放到邊坡頂，要么運(yùn)出場外，嚴(yán)禁堆放到排水溝的兩側(cè)，以免水回流影響路基的排水效果。</p><p>　　4.2 路基排水質(zhì)量與排水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　路基的排水溝基本要求是要保證邊溝平整、排水暢通、無阻水現(xiàn)象。若降雨量過大或者邊坡角度太大，導(dǎo)致其排水速度大于溝底可承受的沖刷速度時(shí)，需對排水溝表面進(jìn)行加固。排水溝表面加固通常采用水泥表面加固的方法。若是路基的填料含水較多或土質(zhì)松軟，則需對排水溝的出水口采用同樣的加固措施，以防止水滲透到溝底填料中或沖刷溝壁。</p><p>　　<strong>5 結(jié)語</strong></p><p>　　路基的質(zhì)量決定了高速公路整體的質(zhì)量，在路基施工過程中應(yīng)用施工控制技術(shù)，一方面可以確保施工質(zhì)量符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，另一方面還可以提高工程的進(jìn)展與科學(xué)性，使施工方案嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)科學(xué)，幫助施工人員加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量管理，提高我國的高速公路質(zhì)量，為我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出一定貢獻(xiàn)。</p><p>　　<strong>【參考文獻(xiàn)】</strong></p><p>　　[1]汪元偉.淺論公路路基施工重要性及關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)[J].四川水泥，2016（01）.</p><p>　　[2]馬瑞鋒.試析省級公路路基施工技術(shù)[J].科技視界，2016（05）.</p><p>　　[3]劉慧廣.公路工程路基壓實(shí)施工技術(shù)要點(diǎn)分析[J].交通世界（建養(yǎng).機(jī)械），2015（12）.</p> <script>s("content_relate");</script><p>【交通科技大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐摹肯嚓P(guān)文章：</p><p><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/bylw/qitaleilunwen/108674.html" title="學(xué)生科技論文">學(xué)生科技論文</a><span>03-17</span></p><p><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/bylw/lunwentigang/50474.html" title="科技論文畢業(yè)論文提綱">科技論文畢業(yè)論文提綱</a><span>11-23</span></p><p><a target="_blank" href="http://m.1-jiu.com/bylw/lunwentigang/38800.html" title="畢業(yè)論文提綱 --科技論文">畢業(yè)論文提綱 --科技論文</a><span>11-24</span></p><p><a 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