專業(yè)解析托福寫作名詞表達法
托福寫作部分的用詞地道的重要性毋庸置疑。然而,由于歷史、地理和社會的原因,英國更注重抽象思維,他們擅長用抽象的概念來表達具體的事物。他們認為通過名詞化可以產生大量抽象概念,滿足英語表達抽象概念的需要。因此,擅用名詞化不僅體現了寫作水平,更是一種思維方式。下面是YJBYS小編精心整理的專業(yè)解析托福寫作名詞表達法,希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?
曾經一個針對中國幾所頂尖大學的優(yōu)秀作文的調查顯示,20 篇優(yōu)秀作文中名詞化的使用頻率為7%-8%,而普通習作的使用頻率僅為5%-6%。與此同時,選用了20 篇英語國家學生的英語作文,同樣的方法統(tǒng)計出其名詞化的`使用頻率為10%-15%。有人更是戲說道,老外眼中句子分為3個檔次,最差的是主動句,較好的是被動句,倒裝句等,最好的nominalization(名詞化)的句子,這樣的句子才適合寫論文。那么面對這樣的差異,我們需要重新審視我們寫作中的思維方式,做到如何恰到好處又不“畫蛇添足”。
簡單說,名詞化即是動詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現象。比如動詞轉成名詞:discovery-》discovery, move-》movement, refuse-》refusal,又比如形容詞轉成名詞:careless-》carelessness, difficult-》difficulty, intense-》intensity。那么什么情況下,我們需要進行名詞化呢
A 謂語動詞的賓語部分
原句:I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名詞化:I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 結合被動形式
原句:If people decide without enough persuasive information,。..
名詞化:If a decision is made without enough persuasive information,。..
C 取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法
原句:The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
名詞化:My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名詞化:a. When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
D 名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句:We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名詞化:There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句:The floods considerably eroded the land.
名詞化:There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
然而,有些時候,在我們的思維方式中認為理所應當使用“名詞化”時,老外認為是沒有必要的。比如:
A 名詞化部分跟在動詞后面
原句(名詞化“冗余”):The police conducted an investigation into the matter.
改后:The police investigated the matter.
B 名詞化部分作為主語
原句:Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.
改后:We discussed a tax cut.
C 連續(xù)進行名詞化
原句:a. First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
改后:First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
D 連接部分名詞化
原句:Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.
改后:They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.
原句:The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.
改后:Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.
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論文寫作:專業(yè)的理性表達12-06