2017職稱英語考試真題閱讀理解題目
職稱英語考試中有大量的閱讀理解題，為了幫助大家，小編整理了2017年的職稱英語閱讀理解，希望能幫到大家!
New Foods and the New World
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine" of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the "wide-awake" feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A) Food.
B) Chocolate.
C) Potato.
D) Coffee
2. "Some" in "Some still exist today" means
A) some cocoa trees.
B) some chocolate drinks.
C) some shops.
D) some South American Indians.
3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because
A) they were so dependent on the potato that they refused to eat anything else.
B) they were forced to emigrate to America.
C) the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.
D) the potato harvest was bad.
4. Coffee originally came from
A) Brazil.
B) Colombia.
C) Ethiopia.
D) Arabia.
5. The Arabic legend is used to prove that
A) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.
B) coffee was first discovered by Kaldi’s goats.
C) coffee was first discovered in south American countries.
D) coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
My Fast Job
I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the hayfields of Eufaula, Oklahoma. By the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up low-income rental properties. He gave me a penny for every nail I pulled out of old boards.
I got my first real job, at JM's Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibilities were clearing tables and washing dishes, but sometimes I helped cook.
Every day after school I would head to JM's and work until ten. Saturdays I worked from two until eleven. At that age it was unlucky going to work and watching my friends run off to swim or play. I didn't necessarily like work, but I loved what working allowed me to have. Because of my job I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local bar Tastee Freez. This made me proud.
Word that I was honest and hardworking got around town. A local clothing store extended credit to me although I was only in the seventh grade. I immediately charged a $ 68 sports coat and a $ 22 pair of trousers. I was making only 65 cents an hour, and I was already $ 90 in debt! So I learned early the danger of easy credit. I paid it off as soon as I could.
My first job taught me discipline, responsibility and brought me a level of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father, who worked three jobs, once told me, "If you understand sacrifice and commitment, there are not many things in life you can't have." How right he was!
31 When the author was a child, he was made to help his father work because___________
A the restaurant was short of hands.
B his family belonged to the low-income group.
C he wanted to earn some money.
D he was stronger than his two brothers.
32 At the age of 12, the author got a job at a restaurant and often worked till late at night because___________
A he liked that work.
B he didn't like playing.
C he was hard-working.
D he felt rewarded by doing that work.
33 The word "Word" in the sentence "Word that I was honest and-hard-working got around town in the fourth paragraph means___________
A statement.
B advice.
C news.
D promise.
34 When the author was in the seventh grade, he was in debt because___________
A he did not work any more.
B he bought clothes on credit.
C he was charged too much for the sports coat.
D he made little money at that time.
35 What does the author want to tell the reader by this text?
A If you know sacrifice and responsibility, you can have many things in life.
B Children from poor families usually have a very unhappy childhood.
C Children should be made to work and earn some money by themselves.
D You will learn discipline and responsibility by working early in life.
Sauna
Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “svusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body’s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.
桑 拿 浴
儀式性的沐浴已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，并且有多種形式，其中的一種就是桑拿浴。芬蘭人完善了蒸汽浴。它可以在一個封閉的房間里將水澆在滾燙的石頭上，或是一種干的蒸汽浴這一形式。用熱蒸汽干蒸的方式在古羅馬很受歡迎，而哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前的美洲人則使用充滿蒸汽的小屋。
最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。由于當時還沒有掌握煙囪技術(shù)，山洞里總是充滿著火焰引起的濃煙。人們在火槽里生火，加熱山洞的四壁。當墻壁達到一定的溫度時，將濃煙排出洞外，這使得墻壁還能保持幾個小時的.高溫。今天，有一些人認為有煙的桑拿浴，“煙熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿體驗，而所有的桑拿浴都應該至少有煙熏或煙味兒的背景�，F(xiàn)在，盡管煤油爐和燒木頭的火爐仍然可以使用，大多數(shù)的桑拿浴都是用電爐。
桑拿浴能使人放松并消除壓力。肌肉疼痛或關(guān)節(jié)炎都可以利用桑拿浴的熱氣減輕疼痛和炎癥。熱氣還可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加順暢。桑那浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以減輕患者的胸悶感，加快康復的速度。在蒸桑拿時，人體溫度通常會上升1——2度，就像發(fā)低燒一樣的感覺。因此，蒸桑拿可以說是印證了一句老話：“傷風時宜吃，發(fā)熱時宜熱。”定期蒸桑拿可以預防感冒的發(fā)生。
蒸桑拿對皮膚也有好處。它可以促進皮膚的血液循環(huán)和出汗。在這個過程中，成年人一般每小時要蒸發(fā)2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮膚變得光潔。失水只是暫時性的，人體機能能夠很快補充合適的水量。在熱氣交換的過程中，心臟跳動得更快，這就使心血管系統(tǒng)也得到了鍛煉，蒸桑拿浴時的心率能從原來的平均每分鐘72下，增加到100——150下。
健康的心臟可以承受這種變化，而那些心臟病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前應該先征求醫(yī)生的建議。同樣的，老年人和糖尿病患者也應如此。孕婦則不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是懷孕的頭三個月。其實，每個人在剛開始嘗試桑拿浴時都應該先是短時間的，直到適應了這種沐浴方式。
US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty
1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world1 • Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.
2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.
3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack3. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.
4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses ; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.
5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.
詞匯：
ratify vt 批準;認可
enact vt.使(法案等)成為法律;通過 (法案等);頒布(法令等)
cessation n.停止，休止
advertising n.做廣告,登廣告
prohibit v.禁止;不準
outright adj.完全的,徹底的
注釋：
1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.美國朝著批準一項全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。
2. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.批準該協(xié)議的國家將被要求制定嚴格的煙草控制政策。
3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.例如，在那些國家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙正反面至少30%的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。
美國簽訂了全球煙草協(xié)議
美國朝著批準一項全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。衛(wèi)生和人類服務大臣托米•湯普森本周在聯(lián)合國簽署了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議(FCTC)。在美國能夠?qū)嵤┢錀l款之前參議院還必須要批準這個協(xié)議。
FCTC是由世界衛(wèi)生組織制定的，并且是由世界衛(wèi)生大會的成員們?nèi)ツ昱鷾实�，其中包括美國。批準該協(xié)議的國家將被要求制定嚴格的煙草控制政策。
例如，在那些國家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。這個協(xié)議呼吁對煙草收取更多的稅，限制在公共場所吸煙和進一步推動禁止煙草的計劃。它還要求禁止煙草廣告，但是對像美國這樣的國家有例外，這些國家的憲法禁止這么直率的禁令。
這個協(xié)議的影響可能是巨大的。世界衛(wèi)生組織估計世界上每年有500萬人因為吸煙而死亡。僅在美國，每年大約有44萬人死于與煙草相關(guān)的疾病;美國所有的癌癥中約有1/3是因為吸煙導致的。如果目前的趨勢持續(xù)的話，世界衛(wèi)生組織估計，到2025年煙草將每年奪取一千萬人的生命。
這個協(xié)議至少被40個國家批準才能生效。到目前為止，109個國家已經(jīng)簽訂了這個協(xié)議，12個國家已經(jīng)批準了它。
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