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      1. 中考英語閱讀理解題型

        時間:2024-10-09 21:18:57 英語閱讀 我要投稿
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        中考英語閱讀理解題型

          中考英語“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力,包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以及對材料的評估能力等,下面小編跟大家分享一下中考英語閱讀理解的題型以及解題步驟和技巧等,歡迎大家閱讀學習一下哦!

        中考英語閱讀理解題型

          【中考閱讀理解主要題型】

          中考英語“閱讀理解”試題中所選的閱讀文章題材多樣化,涉及政治經濟、社會文化、風俗習慣、歷史地理、科學技術等各個方面。體裁多樣化,包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文以及新聞報道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等各種文體。它要求考生閱讀理解準確率高、閱讀速度快。

          大致來說,主要針對如下方面:

          1.文章的個別詞或句子;

          2.文章的某細節或情節;

          3.文章的主題;

          4.文章的背景知識;

          5.文章的結論或結局;

          6.文章內涵的隱義或寓意等。

          主要是考查考生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力,包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以及對材料的評估能力等。

          具體來講主要有以下幾種題型:

          (一)、直接理解性題目

          這種題目比較簡單,只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節,就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。

          (二)、語義理解性題目

          題目要求對文中個別難詞、關鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋。解答這類題目時需要對有關的上下文,甚至整篇文章的內容建立準確、立體的理解才能做出正確答案。

          (三)、邏輯推理性題目

          這種題目有一定難度,往往不能直接從文中找到答案,而必須根據上下文及其相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解后,才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能獲得正確答案。

          (四)、歸納概括性題目

          要求在閱讀和理解全文的基礎上對文章作出歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時,不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,比如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題,都需要在細讀全文的基礎上,結合所學語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、科學專業知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中內隱的信息。

          【答題步驟】

          第一步,快速閱讀短文;通讀測試題,明確考查點。

          先讀題,明確題目要求,弄清考點,然后帶著問題去讀文章,這種方法在英語中稱為scanning,就是尋讀?焖匍喿x一遍弄清段落大意,對全文有一個整體了解,閱讀時從宏觀入手,掌握中心意思,注意哪些用以說明中心意思的主要事實和細節,抓住關鍵詞,弄清作者寫此篇文章的目的及意圖。如遇到生詞,應先跳過,繼續通讀全文,切忌長時間死扣生詞,因為有些生詞并不影響對全文的理解,還有一些詞可以通過上下文推測含義。

          第二步,認真逐題作答。

          看完短文后,對整篇短文的內容有了大致的了解,然后馬上看后面的問題,帶著問題去找答案。如果屬于客觀信息題,就可直接在短文中找到出處。如果是主觀判斷題,則應迅速再讀全文,仔細分析思考,將近似的答案對照原文反復比較,推敲,選出最佳答案。

          第三步,仔細校對所選答案。

          做完所有題目后,再讀一遍短文,逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。如果有拿不定主意的答案,不要隨意更改。一定要從原文中找到依據,方可更正。

          【閱讀技巧】

         、僖焖贋g覽全文,掌握主旨和大意,特別注意文章的主題句,理出作者的寫作思路。(What is the idea?What are facts?)

         、谝M快瀏覽課文后的思考題,盡量帶著問題讀;

         、弁瓿墒聦嵓毠濐}時,要找到定位句;

         、芤延嘘PWHO,WHAT,WHERE,HOW和WHY等方面內容用筆圈畫出來。

         、萦龅酵评砼袛囝}時,要注意作者的態度和命題人的意圖,不可從個人的經驗出發。

          【答題技巧】

          “做英語閱讀理解時,答題也有講究。如果同學們具備一定的答題技巧,那么最終將事半功倍。”做猜測詞義題、細節理解題、主旨歸納題、推理判斷題都有一定的技巧。

          一、猜測詞義題

          閱讀理解經常會遇到生詞,這些生詞怎么解決呢?這就需要一些猜詞的技巧。

          (一)根據生活常識猜測詞義

          Children are always boasting.They say things like“My Dad's car is bigger than your Dad's,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”

          The word“boasting” means __B___

          A.驕傲 B.吹牛 C.頑皮 D.幼稚

          Many plants and animals are going extinct.Mammoths,which are related(有關聯的) with Asia elephants,are now extinct.There are no mammoths in the world today.

          1.A mammoth is a kind of _C___.

          A.plant B.bird C.animal D.tree

          2.The word extinct means _C_

          A.出現 B.危險 C.滅絕

          Usually people make dumplings at home.If you have no time to make them,you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them with vinegar.

          The wor d“vinegar” means 醋

          Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.

          The words“oxygen and hydrogen” mean 氫和氧

          (二)根據上下文的意思來猜測

          1.Some people like to walk quickly home after work,but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.(溜達)

          2.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrives quite late.(準時的)

          3.The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel.(門梁)

          (三)根據轉折、因果關系猜測詞義

          通過因果關系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如:

          You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是“責備”。

          (四)通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞

          通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happya nd gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

          (五)通過構詞法猜詞

          在閱讀文章時,總會遇上一些新詞匯,有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識,如前綴un-表反義詞,如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等;后綴-ment表名詞,如develop、development,state、statement,argue、argument等;后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞;如calculate、calculator,visit、visitor,law、lawyer,wait、waiter,sci-ence、scientist,art、artist等,這些問題便不難解決了。

          (六)通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義

          例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為“久旱”,“旱災”。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。

          (七)通過句法功能來推測詞義

          例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。

          (八)通過描述猜詞

          描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特征的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。

          二、細節理解題

          首先瀏覽一遍題目,看清題目要求理解什么細節,然后有選擇性地在文中找出相應的段落句子或短語,認真分析理解,選出正確答案。

          Example1:What do you think of your teachers?Now,American students can say what they think on a new website!

          On www.ratemyteachers.com,students canrate(評定) their teachers.So far,there have been 2 million ratings for 365,000 teachers at 21,000 schools in the US and Canada.

          Where can the students rate(評定) their teachers according to the passage?(A)

          A.On a new website

          B.At the classmeeting

          C.In the classroom.

          D.Out of the school

          Example2:Years ago,many zoos kept all kinds of animals in small cages.Small cages made it easy for people to see the animals,but a small cage is not a good place for an animal to live in.Today zoos keep animals in different kinds of cages.The cages are very big and open.They usually have plants and a little lake.

          1.Zoos kept animals in small cages so that people can(B)

          A.protect them B.see them better

          C.feed them D.save them

          2.Today,zoos keep animals(A)

          A.in bigger cages

          B.in the wild

          C.in smaller cages

          D.in the field

          三、主旨歸納題

          議論文和說明文的主題句經常在開頭或結尾。記敘文往往沒有主題句,需要在讀懂全文、體會作者用意的基礎上進行概括。

          People in different countries have different table manners.Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another.In Britain,you mustn't lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some liquid(液體)food.But it's different in China.And in Japan you even needn't worry about making noises when you have it.It shows that you are enjoying it.But it is regarded as bad manners in Britain.

          The passage mainly(主要) tells us(B)

          A.some table manners in Britain

          B.some different table manners

          C.different ways of having liquidf ood

          D.to have good manners

          People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different ways.Some learn it at school.Some learn it by themselves.Others learn Englishby radio on TV or in films.

          The main idea of the passage is(A)

          A.People in many countries learn English in many ways

          B.Some learn English at school

          C.Some learn English by themselves

          D.Others learn English by radio,on TV or in films.

          四、推理判斷題

          推理判斷題,需要同學具有嚴密的邏輯推理和分析問題的能力。

          A man was looking for things of old times.One day he came to a village and found a blue bowl,which looked very old.The bowl was on the ground and a cat was drinking milk from it.A farmer,the owner of the cat,was lying beside the bowl.In order not to draw the farmer's attention to(吸引…的注意力) the value(價值) of the bowl,the man said to him in a soft voice,“What a nice cat you have!Won't you sell it to me?”“How much would you give me for it?”the farmer opened his eyes and asked.

          “Twenty dollars.Would it be enough?”

          A few minutes later,the farmer agreed.After he paid the farmer,the man said,“My cat will certainly feel thirsty.May I take the bowl so that the cat can have milk?”

          But the farmer said,“I am sorry I can't give it to you.Thanks to the bowl,I have already sold twenty cats.”

          Who is much cleverer?(A)

          A.the farmer B.the man

          C.both of them

          D.neither

          總而言之,閱讀理解靠的是扎實的語言基礎,扎實的語言基礎來自平時嚴格的基本功訓練和長期的知識積累。只要平時刻苦用功,打下扎實的英語知識基礎,又掌握了較科學的解題方法做閱讀理解題是不會太難的。

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