考研英語閱讀理解推理引申題詳解
同學(xué)們在準(zhǔn)備考研的時(shí)候，英語是一大難關(guān)，為了幫助大家順利通關(guān)考研，下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)砜佳杏⒄Z閱讀理解推理引申題解析，希望對大家有所幫助!
考研英語閱讀理解推理引申題詳解
考研英語閱讀理解六大題型中，推理引申題(推理判斷題)主要考查同學(xué)對段落中心的掌握。"吾將上下而求索"，通過對考研英語歷年真題的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)段落中心也有其出現(xiàn)的基本位置及其相應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)，共分為三種：1.段首句;2.段首段中;3.段落首末句。
一、段首句作為段落論點(diǎn)
段首句作為段落論點(diǎn)，其特點(diǎn)是段首句為論點(diǎn)，后面句子內(nèi)容為論據(jù)，論據(jù)用來證明論點(diǎn)，支撐論點(diǎn)。初高中語文閱讀理解及議論文作文的寫作中，同學(xué)學(xué)到的事實(shí)論據(jù)，引用名家名言，名人觀點(diǎn)等論據(jù)同樣適用于英語議論文�；诳佳杏⒄Z閱讀理解四篇文章都是學(xué)術(shù)性議論文的特征，段落里出現(xiàn)的論據(jù)形式通常為數(shù)字論據(jù);表示已經(jīng)存在，已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的事實(shí)論據(jù)和引用他人觀點(diǎn)的名家名言論據(jù)。段落推斷題的答案選項(xiàng)即為段落中心句的同意替換。
例，And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.(1998，Text 1, para.4)
首句之后，由this week 時(shí)間詞引出了斯洛伐克想要派兵爭奪大壩，直至末句說斯洛伐克為證明自己實(shí)力，需要占有大壩。自首句之后，余下內(nèi)容一直在論述一個(gè)真實(shí)存在的事實(shí)，屬于事實(shí)論據(jù)，證明段落首句"控制水仍在繼續(xù)"。
段首句作為段落論點(diǎn)的情況最常見，頻率也最高。其特點(diǎn)概括為：段落首句是論點(diǎn)，段落論據(jù)是論證，論點(diǎn)論據(jù)不可分。
二、段首段中作為段落論點(diǎn)
段落首句是論點(diǎn)，段落中間出現(xiàn)由But,However等轉(zhuǎn)折詞引導(dǎo)的句子，兩者結(jié)合起來共同作為段落中心論點(diǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)折句引出的論點(diǎn)通常作為段首首句的補(bǔ)充，擴(kuò)充，延續(xù)說明及重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，所以做這類推理判斷題，一定要將段首論點(diǎn)和段中轉(zhuǎn)折提出的論點(diǎn)結(jié)合到一起，才能做到對段落中心把握到位，把握精準(zhǔn)。
例，The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.(1997，Text 1, para.2)
段首句是論點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槠浜蟮木渥�，由some...other...,結(jié)構(gòu)講述人們對論點(diǎn)持有不同意見，所以，這一法案的`重要性還需要時(shí)間被理解。段中出現(xiàn)由But引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句，引出觀點(diǎn)安樂死之潮流不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，根據(jù)段首論點(diǎn)，進(jìn)一步提出另一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。
段首段中作為段落論點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)為：段落首句是論點(diǎn)，段中轉(zhuǎn)折是論點(diǎn)，首論中論相輔相成。
三、段落首末句作為段落論點(diǎn)
段落首末句作為段落論點(diǎn)。需要同學(xué)注意的是，尋找段落中心位置時(shí)的優(yōu)先順序，首先讀段首句，發(fā)現(xiàn)存在證明首句論點(diǎn)的論據(jù)時(shí)，確定段首是論點(diǎn)。其次，看段中有沒有轉(zhuǎn)折，如果沒有，再看末句，看是否是首句論點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步延伸或補(bǔ)充論點(diǎn)。
例，Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.(2003，Text 1, para.4)
段落首句是論點(diǎn)，反推可知，其后緊跟的句子是喬治說的兩句話，論據(jù)為名人觀點(diǎn)，加之論述上周公司情況，這一事實(shí)論據(jù)。末句引出開放資源存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，很難判斷信息的正誤，好壞---這也正是公司安身立命之處。末句根據(jù)首句論點(diǎn)"信息的收集與發(fā)布的工具"，進(jìn)一步提出"判斷這些信息正誤好壞"的論點(diǎn)。
推理引申題的解題，最好是首先依照優(yōu)先順序找準(zhǔn)段落中心句，根據(jù)同意替換，選出正確選項(xiàng)，同學(xué)們在平時(shí)練習(xí)中，要有這種意識(shí)，有意識(shí)地去段落三個(gè)基本位置找中心句，選出同意替換句。
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