《西游記》高級(jí)英文詞匯
《西游記》是中國四大古典小說(Four Great ClassicalNovels/Four Masterworks)之一,通常翻譯為Journey to the West,也翻譯為The Journey to the West、Adventures of theMonkey God、Monkey:A Folk Novel ofChina、The Adventures of Monkey等。在西方國家,有時(shí)候它就翻譯為Monkey。故事一共一百章(chapter),圍繞唐朝和尚(Buddhist monk)玄奘(Xuangzang)去印度朝圣(pilgrimage)獲取佛學(xué)經(jīng)典(Buddhist sutras/Buddhist scriptures)的神奇經(jīng)歷(mythologized legends)展開,當(dāng)然這是一種對(duì)歷史事件的虛構(gòu)描述(fictionalizedaccount)。在取經(jīng)路上,他們遇到了各種鬼怪(monsters/evils)和困難(calamity),包括火焰山(flaming mountain)、蜘蛛精洞(lair of spider-spirits)、女兒國(kingdom ruled bywomen)等稀奇古怪的場面(scenario)。他們必須經(jīng)過八十一難(81 disasters)來取得真經(jīng)。
觀音(Guanyin)菩薩(Bodhisattva)按照佛(Buddha)的指示,將這個(gè)任務(wù)交給了唐僧(Tang-dynasty monk)和三個(gè)徒弟(disciple)以及唐僧的坐騎(mount),一匹龍王太子(dragon prince)變的白馬(white horse)。他們幫助唐僧取經(jīng),來減輕(atonement)過去犯下的罪過(past sin)。釋迦摩尼(Shakyamuni)也叫悉達(dá)多喬達(dá)摩(Siddhattha Gotama),即佛。觀音也叫觀世音(Guanshiyin),字面意思是Observing theSounds or Cries of the World,在西方經(jīng)常翻譯為慈悲女神(Goddess of Mercy);觀音來自梵語Avalokitesvara(阿縛盧枳低濕伐邏),一個(gè)男性的神;有時(shí)音譯為Kuan-yin或Kuan-shih yin。日語發(fā)音是Kannon;朝鮮語發(fā)音是Gwan-eum;越南、泰國、印尼等也受中國影響,有這個(gè)神,發(fā)音接近漢語。
唐僧在英語中也常翻譯為Tripitaka,即三藏,字面意思是Three Baskets ofBuddhist Teaching。據(jù)說吃了他的`肉可以長生不老(to obtainimmortality by eating Xuanzang’s flesh)。
孫悟空(Sun Wukong)是從石頭里誕生的猴子,會(huì)七十二變(72 polymorphictransformations),長生不死(immortality),自封為‘齊天大圣(Great Sage Equal to Heaven)’,曾經(jīng)位列天官(celestialbureaucracy),后反叛(rebellion)天庭,被佛用咒語(talisman)困于山下五百年。他原來叫美猴王(Handsome MonkeyKing),住在花果山(Mountain of Flowers and Fruits)水簾洞(Cave of Water Curtains);悟空是菩提祖師/須菩提(PatriarchBodhi/Subhuti)起的法號(hào),意思是Awakening to Emptiness。他的武器是如意金箍棒(will-followinggolden-banded staff)。在八卦爐(eight-trigrambrazier)練就火眼金睛(fiery golden eyes)。會(huì)翻筋斗云(cloud somersault)。他用這些本領(lǐng)(talents)戰(zhàn)勝妖魔(demons),也會(huì)淘氣(play pranks)。唐僧用一個(gè)金箍(gold band)通過念咒(chant magic words),即緊箍咒(tightening-crownspell),來控制他。
豬八戒(Zhu Bajie)字面意思是Eight-precepts Pig或Eight-prohibitions,通常翻譯為Pigsy、Monk Pig或Pig,原為天蓬元帥(Marshal Tian Peng|)即天庭水軍將官(commander ofHeavenly Naval Forces),由于調(diào)戲(flirt with)嫦娥(Princess of the Moon Chang'e)被貶下(banish)人間(mortal realm),特點(diǎn)是貪吃好色(insatiable appetites for food and sex)。他也叫豬悟能(Pig Awakened to Power),是半人半豬(half human halfpig)的怪物,曾經(jīng)在高老莊(Gao Village)變成(pose)普通人娶親。他的武器是九齒釘耙(nine-tooth iron rake)。
沙悟凈(Sha Wujing)是河怪(river ogre),字面意思是Sand Awakened to Purity,有時(shí)翻譯為沙和尚(Friar Sand)或Sandy,因?yàn)樗≡诹魃澈?Flowing SandRiver),曾為天庭的卷簾大將(Great General for Folding the Curtain),因?yàn)樵隗刺已?Peach Banquet)上打破了王母娘娘(Heavenly QueenMother)的水晶杯(crystal goblet)被貶下人間。他的武器是月牙鏟(Crescent-MoonShovel/Monk's Spade)。
大圣的別稱&裝備
孫悟空 Monkey King
石猴 Stone monkey
美猴王 Handsome Monkey-King
弼馬溫 the Keeper/Protector of the Heavenly Horses
齊天大圣 Great Sage, Equal of Heaven
斗戰(zhàn)圣佛 Victorious Fighting Buddha
olden chain mail shirt 鎖子黃金甲
phoenix-feather cap 鳳翅紫金冠
cloud-walking boots 藕藕絲步云履
如意金箍棒 will-following golden-banded staff
筋斗云 cloud somersault
大圣的故事
七十二變 72 transformations
一個(gè)筋斗十萬八千里 travel 108,000 li in one somersault
花果山 the Bloom Mountains/Mountain of Flowers and Fruit
生死簿 Book of Life and Death
西游記 Journey to the West
玉皇大帝 the Greatly Compassionate Jade Emperor of the AzureVault of Heaven
大鬧天宮 Havoc in the Heavenly Kingdom
佛祖 the Buddha
豬八戒 Pigsy/Monk Pig
沙悟凈 Sandy/Friar Sand
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