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6月英語六級考試真題「完整版」
在日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中，我們經(jīng)常接觸到試題，試題可以幫助學(xué)�；蚋髦鬓k方考察參試者某一方面的知識才能。什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？下面是小編收集整理的6月英語六級考試真題「完整版」，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
6月英語六級考試真題「完整版」 1
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A)Project organizer
B)Public relations officer.
C)Marketing manager.
D)Market research consultant.
2.A)Quantitative advertising research.
B)Questionnaire design.
C)Research methodology.
D)Interviewer training.
3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.
B)They examine relations between producers and customers.
C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.
D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.
4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.
B)Checking charts and tables.
C)Designing questionnaires.
D)The persistent intensity.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.A)His view on Canadian universities.
B)His understanding of higher education.
C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.
D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.
6.A)It is well designed.
B)It is rather inflexible.
C)It varies among universities.
D)It has undergone great changes.
7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.
B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.
C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.
D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.
8.A) University systems vary from country to country.
B)Efficiency is essential to university management.
C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.
D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.
B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.
C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.
D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.
10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.
B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.
C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.
D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.
11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.
B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.
C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.
D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12.A) Whether memory supplements work.
B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.
C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.
D) Whether a magic memory promises success.
13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.
B) They are beneficial in one way or another.
C) They generally do not have side effects.
D) They are not based on real science.
14.A)They are available at most country fairs.
B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.
C)They are collected or grown by farmers.
D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.
15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.
B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.
C)Their effect lasts only a short time.
D)Many have benefited from them.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.
B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.
C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.
D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.
17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.
B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.
C)By changing people’s views of nature.
D)By relocating people to safer places.
18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.
B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.
C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.
D)How destructive tropical storms can be.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.
B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.
C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.
D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.
20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.
B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.
C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.
D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.
21.A)It will work closely with the government.
B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.
C)It will try to lower the interest rate.
D)It will try to provide more loans.
22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.
B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.
C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.
D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23.A)Being unable to learn new things.
B)Being rather slow to make changes.
C)Losing temper more and more often.
D)Losing the ability to get on with others.
24.A)Cognitive stimulation.
B)Community activity.
C)Balanced diet.
D)Fresh air.
25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.
B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.
C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.
D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget,adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work,their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals,without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession,rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way.Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”
Of course,youthful idealism is often courageous,and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context,Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however,is the way reality can modify idealistic views.Some people refer to such modification as maturity.Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit.Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society.For this reason,community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.
A)automatically I)incidentally
B)beneficial J)intolerant
C)capturing K)occupation
D)confused L)promises
E)emphasizing M)recession
F)entrance N)slightly
G)excited O)undertakes
H)existence
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(環(huán)保主義者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鱈魚)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.
45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭劑)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“l(fā)ean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?
A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?
A)Pretty positive.
B)Totally indifferent.
C)Somewhat doubtful.
D)Rather critical.
48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?
A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C)It helps attract investments in the company.
D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.
50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C)They point to the growing curiosity ofTV viewers.
D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
A)Corporate mismanagement.
B)Insufficient demand.
C)Technological advances.
D)Workers’ slow adaptation.
52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?
A)Self-evident.
B)Thought-provoking.
C)Irrational.
D)Groundless.
53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?
A)The booming defense industry.
B)The wise heads’ benefit package.
C)Nationwide training of workers.
D)Thorough restructuring of industries.
54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.
B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.
C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.
55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.
B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.
C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
Part IV Translation (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中國的`創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達國家，中國近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究。這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)、從新能源到機器人等高科技領(lǐng)域。它們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。
6月英語六級考試真題「完整版」 2
The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the worlds technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of . scientists and engineers.
Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of . in science and engineering declines,the award of to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.
Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelors and Masters degree holders. Too often, promising confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible.
1.Come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.
a. the number of degree holders is declining
b. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing
c. the number of 22-year-ilds is declining
d. scientists and engineers are not employed
2.field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ .
a. technology
b. foreign nationals
c. such fields as law, medicine and business
d. postgraduates
3.enterprises now need _______.
a. bright graduates and postgraduates
b. new inventions
c. advanced technology
d. engineers
4.promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue adegree because _________.
a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in science
b. industry does not require holders
c. they have financial difficulties
d. they will spend much time and energy completing .
5.candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that _________.
a. they find industry is attracting more and more college students
b. they dont think they can prevent themselves from working for industry
c. they cannot resist any attraction from all sides
d. they cannot work for industry any longer
答案：bcadb
6月英語六級考試真題「完整版」 3
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramicsthat may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics willshape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jacketsthat automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3. Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1. superstuff 超級材料
2. superconducting ceramic 超導(dǎo)陶瓷
3. exotic 神奇的
4. shape 塑造，成型
5. brittleness 脆性
6. polymer 聚合體
7. karate jacket 空手道外衣
8. touch sensor 觸及傳感器
9. each punch and chop 每一個擊、打
10. blot 玷污，損害風景的東西
11. tinker 修補，調(diào)整
12. amendable 服從于，遵循的
13. biodegradable 能生物遞減分解的
14. six-pack rings 放六個罐子的環(huán)狀物
15. decompose 分解
16. recyclable 可循環(huán)(使用的)
17. infantryman 步兵
18. deflect 使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向
19. a new twist 一個新的觀點，方法
難句譯注
1. Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practicaldiscoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【參考譯文】材料科學(xué)，一度曾是最無吸引力(最不起眼)的技術(shù)，正以嶄新的 ，以超導(dǎo)陶瓷為首的種種實用性發(fā)明綻開新顏。這種超導(dǎo)陶瓷可能會使電子技術(shù)徹底改變。
2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberopticcables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【參考譯文】有些高級材料是帶有新方法的老標準。最新全國電話的光纖電纜由玻璃制成。這種玻璃透明度極高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一塊標準的窗框玻璃還要清晰透明。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇介紹“超導(dǎo)材料”的論說文,采用一般到具體的分類寫作手法。先指出未來時代的材料屬于超導(dǎo)，然后再提出三種超導(dǎo)材料，再逐一說明。
答案詳解
1. B 三種超導(dǎo)材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導(dǎo)致脆性的微小缺陷，科學(xué)家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料。“類似的轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打�！焙竺嬲劶八芰侠梢蕴幚�，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。
2. B 說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的'塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計算機一樣將改變世界�！盇. 把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用--改變世界。 C. 把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。 與A一樣沒有說到核心電。D. 說明他的觀點。太籠統(tǒng)。
3. A 轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因為轉(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資�？梢赃@么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個國家之成敗�！盉. 因為許多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。C. 因為新材料的研究非常困難。 D. 轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時間。這三項文內(nèi)沒有涉及。
4. D 在超級材料時代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投資。C. 在于革新。這三項都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項文內(nèi)未涉及。
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