英語(yǔ)考研語(yǔ)法
一、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須加冠詞，a(an)表示泛指或類指，the表示特指或類指。例句： Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (選自2008年Text 4)分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，其中主句是Washington overcame the strong opposition...， who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Washington，該句中又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作believe的賓語(yǔ)。譯文： 在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間目睹了黑人士兵的勇敢之后，華盛頓才開(kāi)始認(rèn)為人生來(lái)平等。他克服了親人的'強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，在遺囑中給自己的奴隸們自由。例句： While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (選自2007年P(guān)art C)分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，其中supplied to them by lawyers作定語(yǔ)修飾interpretations，undue reliance意為“過(guò)分依賴”。譯文： 雖然法律報(bào)道的質(zhì)量各不相同，但是許多新聞?dòng)浾叨歼^(guò)分依賴律師提供給他們的解釋。
二、定冠詞the的用法在下述幾種情況下須用定冠詞the:表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的名詞，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或某些形容詞前代表一類人或事物，用在形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞和only之前。樂(lè)器名稱前要加定冠詞the。如：the sun the moon the universe the camelthe blind the largest island the only student the piano例句： The universe works in a way so far removed from what common sense would allow that words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it. (1998年第19題)分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，what common sense would allow...作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)從句，該句中還包含一個(gè)so...that...從句。譯文： 宇宙運(yùn)行的方式與常識(shí)所允許的構(gòu)思相距甚遠(yuǎn)，因此任何一種語(yǔ)言也必然不足以把它解釋清楚。例句： But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil. (選自20xx年Text 4)分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是more artists began seeing happiness as...， 而as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文： 但是從19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的《水仙花》轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的《惡之花》時(shí)，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始把快樂(lè)看做是毫無(wú)意義的、虛假的甚至是令人厭倦的東西。
三、人名、地名等專有名詞人名、地名等專有名詞前一般不用冠詞，但在海洋、河流、山脈、群島以及含有普通名詞的專有名詞前一般加定冠詞。如：the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋)the Red Sea (紅海)the Society for Anglo?Chinese Understanding (英中了解協(xié)會(huì))the Special Economic Zone (經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū))例句： The four special economic zones(SEZS) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities and Hainan island have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. (選自Far Eastern Economic Review)分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。譯文： 廣東與福建兩省的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、14個(gè)沿海開(kāi)放城市及海南島都有專門(mén)為外國(guó)投資者制定的稅收及其他鼓勵(lì)投資政策。四、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，前面通常不用冠詞。
【英語(yǔ)考研語(yǔ)法】相關(guān)文章：