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5大基礎英語語法知識
零基礎學英語,大家要學好語法知識,下面5大基礎英語語法知識,你能記住多少?一起來看看。
名詞單復數
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規則名詞復數:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane
6. 不可數名詞的復數就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結尾的復數名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結尾的復數后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的'小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
不定冠詞,定冠詞種類
1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的.可數名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
the egg the plane
2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk
(2)復述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)復數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節,應說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的'時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數情況下可以和during互換,前者強調對比,后者強調持續。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)
動詞的四種時態
(1)一般現在時:
一般現在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的`構成規則有:
A、規則動詞
、 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
、 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
、 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
、 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規則動詞(此類詞并無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結構:
、賐e going to + do;
、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞
動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
、 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.
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