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      1. иԇ俼h

        rg2023-03-04 02:35:11 и(TOEFL) ҪͶ
        • P(gun)]

        иԇ俼h

        Ҫи俼ĕrȫЗlҪт俼Ӌ(j)ƶȫҾwСͽoһЩhϣ܉!

        иԇ俼h

        1иxҪxȫĆ?

        ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx(xing)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ֹ“__ģe`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫģΰÿһx(xing)?

        2W(xu)g(sh)(qing)иɿ?

        иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”⿼쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)

        3P(gun)Iʲô?

        ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c(din)_ӢZ

        4ʲôǿԇеy}?

        ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter

        5ܲx?

        “иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ԭt“xŸoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“MxǴ_(sh)xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing

        6?jn)?sh)Ҫ?

        ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)ˣ|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZͬ

        SadekŮʿf?jn)?sh)Խ෸eĿԾԽŶ!(d)300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶֣չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!

        7(f)h۷ֆ?

        ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔ(ci)һ(zi)(f)hL(fng)UX֔(jn)

        8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?

        Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉݋(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}?yn)?ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJˡ

        9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x(xing)?

        ?yn)ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”

        10΁ÿһx}?

        x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x(xing)_ԭͬrÿһe`x(xing)e`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_

        Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

        Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee

        11(x)(ji)}DzһҪļ(x)(ji)?

        Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ?

        ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)Ӌ(j)F(tun)(du)ЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_x(xing)?yn)length complexityor diction stand out

        12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

        aÿһZresponseǶһrater(Œ(sh)ETSvf17350raters)ĵDZSC(j)ķֽoͬratersģ@ӾͿԴpͬһrater(yn)ɶӰijһ˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ

        bZģǴ_еv˷һοп(΢)Zdz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ(sh)|(zh)(ni)ݣıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)

        13Zԇе¼?

        ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you (dng)ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect

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