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      1. Ubuntu系統中為單個網卡配置多個IP的教程

        時間:2022-06-24 16:52:05 TCP/IP 我要投稿
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        關于Ubuntu系統中為單個網卡配置多個IP的教程

          關于Ubuntu系統中為單個網卡配置多個IP的教程

          樣例輸出:

          1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default

          link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

          inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet6 ::1/128 scope host

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

          link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

          inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          或

          sudo ifconfig

          樣例輸出:

          enp0s3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:2a:03:4b

          inet addr:192.168.1.103 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

          RX packets:186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:21872 (21.8 KB) TX bytes:9666 (9.6 KB)

          lo Link encap:Local Loopback

          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

          RX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB) TX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB)

          正如你在上面輸出中看到的,我的網卡名稱是 enp0s3,它的 IP 地址是 192.168.1.103。

          現在讓我們來為網卡添加一個新的 IP 地址,例如說 192.168.1.104。

          打開你的終端并運行下面的命令添加額外的' IP。

          sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

          用命令檢查是否啟用了新的 IP:

          sudo ip address show enp0s3

          樣例輸出:

          2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

          link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

          inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet 192.168.1.104/24 scope global secondary enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          類似地,你可以添加任意數量的 IP 地址,只要你想要。

          讓我們 ping 一下這個 IP 地址驗證一下。

          sudo ping 192.168.1.104

          樣例輸出

          PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.901 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.571 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms

          好極了,它能工作!

          要刪除 IP,只需要運行:

          sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

          再檢查一下是否刪除了 IP。

          sudo ip address show enp0s3

          樣例輸出:

          2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

          link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

          inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          可以看到已經沒有了!!

          正如你所知,重啟系統后這些設置會失效。那么怎么設置才能永久有效呢?這也很簡單。

          添加永久 IP 地址

          Ubuntu 系統的網卡配置文件是 /etc/network/interfaces。

          讓我們來看看上面文件的具體內容。

          sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces

          輸出樣例:

          # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

          # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

          source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

          # The loopback network interface

          auto lo

          iface lo inet loopback

          # The primary network interface

          auto enp0s3

          iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

          正如你在上面輸出中看到的,網卡啟用了 DHCP。

          現在,讓我們來分配一個額外的地址,例如 192.168.1.104/24。

          編輯 /etc/network/interfaces:

          sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

          如下添加額外的 IP 地址。

          # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

          # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

          source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

          # The loopback network interface

          auto lo

          iface lo inet loopback

          # The primary network interface

          auto enp0s3

          iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

          iface enp0s3 inet static

          address 192.168.1.104/24

          保存并關閉文件。

          運行下面的命令使更改無需重啟即生效。

          sudo ifdown enp0s3 && sudo ifup enp0s3

          樣例輸出:

          Killed old client process

          Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

          Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

          All rights reserved.

          For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

          Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

          Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

          Sending on Socket/fallback

          DHCPRELEASE on enp0s3 to 192.168.1.1 port 67 (xid=0x225f35)

          Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

          Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

          All rights reserved.

          For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

          Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

          Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

          Sending on Socket/fallback

          DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xdfb94764)

          DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.103 on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6447b9df)

          DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

          DHCPACK of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

          bound to 192.168.1.103 -- renewal in 35146 seconds.

          注意:如果你從遠程連接到服務器,把上面的兩個命令放到一行中非常重要,因為第一個命令會斷掉你的連接。而采用這種方式可以保留你的 ssh 會話。

          現在,讓我們用下面的命令來檢查一下是否添加了新的 IP:

          sudo ip address show enp0s3

          輸出樣例:

          2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

          link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

          inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet 192.168.1.104/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

          很好!我們已經添加了額外的 IP。

          再次 ping IP 地址進行驗證。

          sudo ping 192.168.1.104

          樣例輸出:

          PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

          64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms

          好極了!它能正常工作。就是這樣。

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