萬圣節(jié)相關(guān)習(xí)俗知多少？
Halloween is upon us, and with it we see all the standard Halloween decorations and symbols –Lanterns, scarecrows, etc.? Did you ever wonder where these symbols come from?? When did Halloween actually start?? Why does it mean we have to buy candy, or dress up in costumes?? All your Halloween questions are about to be answered.
萬圣節(jié)影響著我們每個(gè)人，在圣誕節(jié)中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)看到各式各樣的裝飾和符號(hào)。南瓜燈、稻草人云云。你是否一度想知道這些標(biāo)志性飾品是從何而來的呢?萬圣節(jié)又是在什么時(shí)候起源的?為什么在這個(gè)節(jié)日里，我們必讀得買糖果和盛裝打扮呢?所有這些關(guān)于萬圣節(jié)的問題都會(huì)在此給你一一答復(fù)哦。
Halloween as we know it today bears little resemblance to the Roman harvest festivals especially celebrated the apple harvest.
如今為大眾所周知的萬圣節(jié)與曾經(jīng)古羅馬的豐收節(jié)略有相似之處。當(dāng)時(shí)豐收節(jié)這節(jié)日是專門為慶祝蘋果樹的大豐收而建立的。
The name Halloween comes from the 1500’s, and is a variation on “All-Hallows-Even”, the night before All Saints Day, or All Hallows Day.? As with many things, the Catholic Church had a holiday to coincide with a pagan celebration.?
萬圣節(jié)名字的由來大約在1500年代。是由“All-Hallows-Even”演變而來。在天下圣徒之日(All Saints Day)即萬圣節(jié)的前夕，天主教的教堂會(huì)以一個(gè)異教徒為批判對象舉行一次集會(huì)。這就是萬圣節(jié)的起源
So what do witches, ghosts, goblins, and the like have to do with all this history? Read on to find out.
但是巫師、幽靈、鬼怪和其他諸類事物又對這段歷史產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響?讓我接著往下讀。
Corn Husks and Stalks of Wheat
谷殼和小麥的莖干
The significance of corn husks and stalks of wheat is pretty straightforward.? Halloween comes in the autumn, the traditional festival celebrated the end of summer and the end of the harvest, so these images are meant to represent the end of harvest and the beginning of winter.? Corn and wheat are symbols of agricultural change, and the change of the seasons.?
稻谷的外殼還有小麥的莖干所傳達(dá)的意思是非常鮮明的。萬圣節(jié)深受在秋季時(shí)分慶祝夏日離去、豐收結(jié)束的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的影響。所以谷殼和麥莖就是在傳達(dá)著豐收的喜訊還有冬季即將到來的消息。稻谷和小麥?zhǔn)撬修r(nóng)作物從耕種到豐收階段的變化，同時(shí)也在向人們傳遞著四季交替的信息。
The Colors Orange and Black
主打橙色和黑色
The colors orange and black are most likely further representations of the time of year, rather than any Halloween lore or mythology.? The color orange likely represents autumn, when the leaves change from green and orange pumpkins are ripe for the picking.? As mentioned earlier, the Celtic festival marked the transition between “light” days and “dark” days – so the black likely represents those dark days of winter when there are fewer daylight hours to attend to the fields and crops.? Of course, the modern secular Halloween retailers have certainly pushed the orange-and-black as official colors of Halloween, so such an explanation seems weak, but it’s true.? Sorry, to quote some movie somewhere, “orange is the new black.”? Or pink.? Or something.
萬圣節(jié)之所以是橙色和黑色作為主打色，很可能是因?yàn)樵谀撤N深層次的角度而言，這倆顏色象征了一年之中時(shí)節(jié)的變化，沒必要把顏色的問題上升到學(xué)術(shù)或者神秘學(xué)的高度來探討。橙色很可能象征著秋季。當(dāng)葉子從綠色變成了橘黃色，南瓜也是如此，好像在提醒人們“我已經(jīng)成熟啦，快來采我吧”。在更早一些的年份，古代的凱爾特文化下的節(jié)日把時(shí)間標(biāo)記為“白色”和“黑色”。而“黑色”代表的就是冬季的時(shí)間，因?yàn)閯P爾特文化發(fā)源于北愛爾蘭，眾所周知秋冬交際，太陽向南回歸線移動(dòng)，白天的時(shí)間短了，自然而然，黑色成為了冬季的.代表色。現(xiàn)在萬圣節(jié)時(shí)期零售商們售賣的流行玩具大體都是這兩種色調(diào)。盡管你可能會(huì)覺得關(guān)于主打色的解釋有點(diǎn)牽強(qiáng)，但這可是真的。
Spiders
蜘蛛
As we move more into the “spooky” tales of the Halloween symbol, we’ll start with spiders.? Go to a Halloween party and you’re sure to see fake spider webs spread all over the place.? Forgoing a discussion of any potential mystical qualities a spider might have (because, ew), it is significant that spiders weave webs, which has long been associated with the passing of time, progress, and fate.? OK, so maybe that’s a little mystical too.? All in all, though, the spider’s spinning of its web is a great natural representation of the cycle of life – a spider spins its web, bugs fly into the web, nourish the spider, etc.? Also, spiders like dusty, dark places
當(dāng)我們一想起無奇不有的萬圣節(jié)時(shí)，蜘蛛總是不可或缺的。如果你去參加一個(gè)萬圣節(jié)晚會(huì)，我敢保證你能在墻上看到隨意布置的假蜘蛛網(wǎng)。摒棄一切關(guān)于蜘蛛的潛在的神話故事，我想蜘蛛之所以出現(xiàn)在萬圣節(jié)的舞臺(tái)很可能是因?yàn)樗幙椀闹┲刖W(wǎng)，讓人聯(lián)想到了時(shí)間的流逝，生活的前進(jìn)，還有命運(yùn)的不可預(yù)知。好吧，我承認(rèn)，講到這里就有點(diǎn)神秘感了�？偠灾兀┲肟椌W(wǎng)的行徑在自然界是象征生命循環(huán)的偉大代表——蜘蛛編織它的網(wǎng)，昆蟲粘在網(wǎng)上，成為蜘蛛的大餐等等，同時(shí)，蜘蛛喜歡滿是灰塵而又黑暗的地方
Bats
蝙蝠
Bats are nocturnal?creatures, so it’s natural that a celebration about the end of the light seasons and the beginning of the dark ones would incorporate them.? Additionally, in the old days Halloween meant big bonfires, which draw mosquitoes and moths, which would in turn draw bats,。Also, once vampire legends made their way into Halloween folklore, the position of the bat was set – since it was thought that vampires could transform into bats.?
蝙蝠是晝伏夜出的動(dòng)物。慶祝豐收原本就是在白色季節(jié)(秋季)的結(jié)束和黑色季節(jié)(冬季)的開始期間。于是蝙蝠自然而然成為“步入夜色”的代表動(dòng)物。除此之外，萬圣節(jié)曾經(jīng)流行的慶祝方式是在篝火旁進(jìn)行。這樣無疑吸引了許多蚊子和蛾子，因此也間接吸引來了蝙蝠。同時(shí)，吸血鬼傳說一度曾是民間最流行的熱點(diǎn)話題。自從古人認(rèn)定吸血鬼能夠變成蝙蝠在天空中飛舞的時(shí)候，蝙蝠在人們心中的地位便再也無法動(dòng)搖了。
Black Cats
黑貓
OK, so while Halloween started out to be about the end of harvest, etc., there are some ancient cultures who also believed that, on Halloween night, the veil between the living world and the spirit world was, if not lifted entirely, at least a little thinner.? Ancient Celtic religions taught that cats were reincarnated souls of humans, and that they were able to see the future.? Also, it was thought (as mentioned earlier) that witches could turn into cats.? Truth be told, most single ladies were thought to be witches, and, just like today, many of the single ladies had?cats.? So, in the 1600’s or so, the local cat lady would have probably been tried for witchcraft.
大眾普遍接受的是萬圣節(jié)是由莊家豐收之后舉辦的慶�；顒�(dòng)演變而來，但依然還有一些遠(yuǎn)古的文化被人們所接受：在萬圣節(jié)的晚上，人間和冥界的關(guān)系會(huì)發(fā)生微妙的變化，即使兩者沒有實(shí)際上聯(lián)通，但還是有可能通過某種方式來接觸的。古代凱爾特宗教認(rèn)為，貓是能夠被人類的靈魂所附體。通過貓的眼睛，我們可以看到未來。而且在此之前，人們還認(rèn)為巫師能夠附體在貓的身上。實(shí)話說，當(dāng)時(shí)許多單身的女士被看作是女巫。就算時(shí)至今日，許多單身的女士還是會(huì)養(yǎng)貓相伴，所以在十五世紀(jì)，養(yǎng)著貓的單身女士都被認(rèn)定其具有某種可怕的巫術(shù)。
Skeletons
骷髏
The Druids and the Celts believed that the skull was the “psychic seat” of the human soul.? All in all, skulls and skeletons are associated with Halloween because they represent the end of the physical part of life, something that is connected to Halloween both because of the death of the “light” seasons and because of the perceived connection to the spirit realm.
以前的祭司和凱爾特人相信頭骨是人類靈魂的寄居地�？偟膩碚f頭骨和骷髏之所以與萬圣節(jié)有關(guān)是因?yàn)樗麄兇碇谌怏w層面的消亡。這與萬圣節(jié)是在慶祝白色季節(jié)(秋季)的終結(jié)之意在精神層面而言，又是不謀而合。
Ghosts
鬼怪
The idea of ghost plays into this idea that Halloween night is the one night that the spirits of the ancestors are able to walk among the living.?
人們認(rèn)為在萬圣節(jié)之夜，那些死去的人的鬼魂能夠在人間游走。目的不用多說，肯定是在找還魂的機(jī)會(huì)!
Masks and Costumes
面具和服飾
Speaking of ghosts, what is Halloween without costumes Back in Celtic times, it was thought that if you could trick the spirit, the spirit would refrain from bothering you about pesky things like tributes and respect.? On a night that the “veil” between the spirit world and the natural world was so thin, it’s best to pretend to be someone else.? In the 1950’s, trick-or treating became all the rage in the United States (can you believe it was that late?)
一說起鬼怪，萬圣節(jié)不能缺少的當(dāng)然是鬼怪的服飾啦!追溯到凱爾特時(shí)期，凱爾特人認(rèn)為如果你能夠捉弄鬼魂，那么它將不再有膽量去騷擾你，反而會(huì)更加敬重你。在萬圣節(jié)當(dāng)晚，人間和冥界的隔膜會(huì)變得非常單薄，防止鬼上身的最好的辦法就是戴上面具假裝成另一只鬼。1950年后，“不招待就使壞”的習(xí)俗才開始在美國流行起來。(你能想象到這種習(xí)俗竟然是近代的產(chǎn)物?)
Pumpkin lanterns
南瓜燈
Originally, the beggars put candles inside them to light their way from house to house to beg and pray.? Eventually, the tradition changed to carving pumpkins, and Jack-o-Lanterns as we know them were born.? One legend sticks out above all others in regards to the Jack-o-lantern tradition.? An Irishman named “Stingy Jack” was a?drunk?and a prankster, and he managed to make both God and the Devil angry.? He died, and neither heaven nor hell wanted him, so he was stuck wandering around on earth.? He carried a turnip, hollowed out, with a candle inside, to light his way, and to keep him from knocking on their door, the Irish would carve scary jack-o-lanterns to put around their houses to keep him away. Or, so they believed, and a tradition was born.
最初，乞討者們把南瓜扣個(gè)洞，然后放進(jìn)蠟燭用來照明，以此能夠在晚上向人家行乞或者是替他們禱告。最后，該傳統(tǒng)逐漸演變成了雕刻南瓜，杰克·奧的南瓜燈由此誕生。這里有個(gè)傳說，曾經(jīng)有個(gè)叫做“有次的杰克”的愛爾蘭人是個(gè)地道的酒鬼，也是個(gè)愛搞惡作劇的人。最終他的行徑惹怒了上帝和魔鬼。他死了之后，天堂和地獄都不愿意收留他，他只能游走于塵世之間，夜幕低垂時(shí)分，他就把大南瓜摳個(gè)大洞，并將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭放置其中以此照明，去敲每家每戶的大門。愛爾蘭人為了能夠驅(qū)趕走杰克，都在自家門口做同樣的南瓜。做南瓜燈的傳統(tǒng)因此誕生。
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