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點(diǎn)擊定語(yǔ)從句中的幾個(gè)易考點(diǎn)
同學(xué)們一跨進(jìn)高中英語(yǔ)課堂, 接觸的第一個(gè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)就是定語(yǔ)從句, 并且在必修一的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)里,我們接觸的都是定語(yǔ)從句, 可見(jiàn)定語(yǔ)從句在高中語(yǔ)法里起著舉足輕重的作用。根據(jù)幾年的教學(xué)、觀察和思考,我就對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)易考點(diǎn)作一些總結(jié)和歸納,希望對(duì)大家能有所幫助。下面我們就一起來(lái)概括一下定語(yǔ)從句的幾大考點(diǎn):一、that與 which的辨析
1.先行詞是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代詞，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
1）Nothing ______ can be done has been done.
2）Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand ?
2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
1）This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
2）The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
3.先行詞被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修飾時(shí), 用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
This is the very pen ________ you gave to me before.
4.先行詞中既有人又有事物時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
1） The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
2） A victim is a person, animal or thing ______ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
5.Who做先行詞時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better?
6.在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。
1）Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
2） This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
3）Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.
二、如何判斷介詞
1.看定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配，但需注意的是：如果動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能拆開(kāi),那么介詞就不能提前了。
1)This is the book for which you asked.
2）The old man whom I am looking after is better.
2.看定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配。
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
3.根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配。
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
三、whose的用法
whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示所屬關(guān)系。
1.The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
2.There are in this class 20 students, ______ are different.
A. whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose
Answers: 1.whose 2.ABC
四、as的用法
1.定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as, as 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的。 1）The earth is round,___ we all know.
2）___ is known to all, the earth is round.
3）___ is known to all that the earth is round.
Answers：as, As, It.
2.先行詞由such, so, the same所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用as。
1）This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子：
2）This is such an interesting book that we all like it.
This is so interesting a book that we all like it.
溫馨提示: as引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而that引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。兩組句子的翻譯分別是：
1）這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書(shū)。
2）這本書(shū)如此有趣，大家都喜歡。
3)注意as和that的差別。
This is the same book as I lost. 這本書(shū)和我丟的那本一模一樣。
This is the same book that I lost. 這本書(shū)就是我丟的那本。
3.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句不能放在句首。as譯為正如，好像，which 則沒(méi)有此義。
1) It is very useful to master a foreign language, _____ has been said before.
2) _____ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.
Answers: 1)which 2)As
五、when, where, why 與that, which 的區(qū)分
1.I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.
2.I’ll never forget the time ________________ I spent with you.
3.I’ll never forget the time _____________ was spent with you.
4.This is the museum _______________I visited last year.
5.This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
6.The reason __________ she gave was not true.
Answers: 1.when 2.（which/that) 3.that/which 4.(that/which) 5.why 6.(that/which)
溫馨提示:指時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
六、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致
1.He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
2.He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
Answers: 1.has 2.have
溫馨提示: 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞。
七、that和why 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 另外只有在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中, 先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子(通常就是這個(gè)句子的主句)。如:
He missed the show, which was a great pity.
以上幾點(diǎn)都是大家在學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，感到比較困惑和棘手的地方，同時(shí)也是高考中的一些易考點(diǎn)，通過(guò)以上學(xué)習(xí)，我相信大家一定能夠輕松應(yīng)付高考中的定語(yǔ)從句。
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