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      1. 英文科技論文寫作的常用句式

        時間:2024-10-21 11:31:37 論文寫作 我要投稿
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        英文科技論文寫作的常用句式

          學術論文是指有系統的、較專門的討論或研究某科學領域中的問題,表述科學研究成果的文章,下面是小編搜集整理的英文科技論文寫作的常用句式,供大家閱讀參考。

        英文科技論文寫作的常用句式

          研究現狀模塊的常用句式

          研究現狀模塊,主要闡述其他學者、也包括作者本人與論文要探討的問題或現象相關的研究工作,通常先“總”后“分”地陳述。研究現狀這部分的目的是引出存在的問題。

          “總述”常用一個句子概括相關的研究工作,一般用現在完成時:

          (1)用主動語態時,常用researcher/author/investigator/writer等作主語,如:Many/Several/A number of/Few researchers have studied/investigated/examined/explored/reported on/discussed/considered+研究主題.

          (2)用被動語態時,常用study/research/investigation/experiment/work/attention等作主語。如果描述“研究主題”的單詞少,那么“研究主題”可置于句中,如:Many studies/researches/investigationes/experimentes on+研究主題+have been performed/done/published.當描述“研究主題”的單詞較多時,可置于句末,如:Much work/attention has been performed/done/published on+研究主題.

          用被動語態時,也可用“研究主題”作主語,如:研究主題+has been studied/investigated/examined/explored/reported on/discussed/considered by many investigators/several researchers/a number of authors/few writers.又如:The study of+研究主題+has been widely reported/found/published in the literature.

          “分述”是具體地介紹他人所做的相關研究成果。需要注意的是,這部分所列參考文獻要準確、全面,不能堆積,更不能將每篇參考文獻的摘要抄一遍,而是要概括出與論文研究有關的要點:

          (1)用主動語態時,可用學者的姓氏作主語(下例中用somebody替代了學者的姓氏)。常采用過去時(也可用現在完成時)。值得一提的是,文獻[1]只總結了下述第一、二種句式,事實上,筆者發現第三種句式比前兩種句式更常見得多:

          第一種是主從復合句,如:Somebody showed/found/reported/noted/suggested/observed/pointed out+that從句。其中that從句是敘述somebody所做的具體研究成果。

          第二種是并列兩個句子,第一句僅描述某位學者的研究活動,第二句才敘述其研究成果。如:Somebody studied/researched/investigated/explored/examined the effect of X on Y.He/They found+that從句.

          第三種是簡單句,直接介紹某學者的研究工作,如:Somebody investigated/has investigated+研究內容(+by/using X method)。當依次介紹多位學者的研究工作時,為避免單調,可根據不同的研究內容輪換使用下述動詞,如study,solve,seek,describe,predict,carry out,emply,develop,find,calculate,analyse,obtain,present,propose,report,account for,take into account,establish等.

          (2)采用被動語態的簡單句,用研究內容作主語。如:研究內容+ was/has been investigated+by somebody using X method.

          指出問題模塊的常用句式

          指出問題模塊是在闡述和分析研究現狀之后,指出仍有某個(或某些)問題或現象值得進一步研究,目的是在“研究現狀”模塊與“研究目的或內容”模塊之間起到承上啟下的作用,通常1—2個句子即可。可以用 It should be mentioned that引導,例如:It should be mentioned that in all references discussed above the foundation has been assumed to be linear in order to simplify the model.但更常見的是用However引出:

          (1) 闡述“對于論文將要開展的工作,已有文獻沒有考慮”時,可用現在完成時被動語態的句式,如:However,論文中將要展開的研究工作+have not been considered/have not been taken into account/have been ignored/have been neglected in the mentioned above studies/researches/works/investigations.

          (2) 闡述“對于論文將要開展的工作,已有文獻研究得較少”時,可以使用形容詞rare,通常用現在時,如:However,the literature/work/research/attention concerning+論文將要展開的研究工作+is rare.但是,更常見的情況是:用 few,little 或 no 等修飾詞引出。用 little 或 no 來修飾 work,literature,research 及 attention 等不可數單數名詞,用 few 或 no 來修飾studies,papers,researchers 及 investigators 等可數的復數名詞;后面通常用現在完成時或現在時。

          現在完成時的句式:However, few studies have been done on/few studies have been published on/few studies have reported on/few researchers have studied/littleresearch has been devoted to/little attention has been paid to/little information has been published concerning/no work has been done on/no systematic research has been dedicated to+論文將要開展的工作.

          現在時的句式:However, little literature is available on/litile is known about/there islittle literature available on+論文將要開展的工作.

          (3) 闡述“對于論文將要開展的工作,已有文獻只探討了相對的工作”時,用:However,all the researches/studies/inverstigations/works mentioned above+be limited to/be based on/be concemtrated on+相對工作。關于“相對工作”的含義,請參考下述三例理解。(i) ... are limited to the cases that ( the external load is moving on the horizonal beams).已有文獻只研究了水平梁課題,而論文中將要研究的是與之“相對”的傾斜梁(inclined beam)課題。(ii) ... are based on the assumption of ( vehicle/track symmetry in order to simplify the calculation).已有文獻只研究了車輛/軌道對稱課題,而論文將要研究的是與之“相對”的車輛/軌道不對稱(vehicle/track asymmetry ) 課題。(iii) ... are mainly concentrated on ( the forward problem,i.e.determination of the dynamic responses due to moving vehicle loads).已有文獻研究的課題是求解動力響應,而論文將要研究的是與之相對的荷載識別(inverse problem,i.e.force identification from the dynamic response of the continuous bridge)課題。

          研究目的或內容模塊的常用句式

          通常情況下作者在最后一段敘述論文的研究目的,概括性地介紹論文的研究內容。在敘述論文的研究目的或內容時,論文的創新點(新的研究方法、或新的研究內容、或新的研究理論等)就會展示出來。為了使讀者清楚地知道作者自己的研究工作不同于所列文獻中的工作,這個模塊的首句常包含this paper/study/research/investigation 或 in this paper/study/research/investigation等詞語。

          (1) 用現在時的主動語態句式,例如:This paper describes/presents/develops/proposes a new model/theory/method for+論文將要研究的主題.The objective/purpose/aim of this paper/study is to develop a new model/theory/method for+論文將要研究的主題.

          (2) 用現在時的被動語態句式,如:In this paper,a general numerical analysis theory is presented, which is capable of solving... .又如:An asymmetrical vehicle/track dynamic model,which is a finite element time — domain model,is presented in this paper.

          (3)如果論文是對已有研究工作的擴展,可用下列包含 extension 或 extend 的句式。如:This paper call be regarded as all extension of the paper by somebody,as the latter laid the theortical foundation for the present study.又如:this paper extends the theoretical framework laid down by somebody for the analysis of+論文將要研究的主題.


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