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英文引用參考文獻格式要求
參考文獻的引用是否科學、合理和充分,是判斷一篇學術(shù)論文學術(shù)水平的重要指標,以下是小編搜集整理的英文引用及參考文獻格式,歡迎閱讀查看。
一、參考文獻的類型
參考文獻(即引文出處)的類型以單字母方式標識,具體如下: M——專著C——論文集N——報紙文章 J——期刊文章D——學位論文R——報告
對于不屬于上述的文獻類型,采用字母“Z”標識。 對于英文參考文獻,還應注意以下兩點:
、僮髡咝彰捎“姓在前名在后”原則,具體格式是:姓,名字的首字母.如:MalcolmRichardCowley應為:Cowley,M.R.,如果有兩位作者,第一位作者方式不變,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:FrankNorris與IrvingGordon應為:Norris,F.&I.Gordon.;
、跁、報刊名使用斜體字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature,EnglishWeekly。
二、參考文獻的格式及舉例
1.期刊類
【格式】[序號]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷號(期號):起止頁碼.
【舉例】
[1]王海粟.淺議會計信息披露模式[J].財政研究,2004,21(1):56-58. [2]夏魯惠.高等學校畢業(yè)論文教學情況調(diào)研報告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.
[3]Heider,E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspaceinnamingandmemoryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch,1999,(3):62–67.
2.專著類
【格式】[序號]作者.書名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止頁碼. 【舉例】[4]葛家澍,林志軍.現(xiàn)代西方財務會計理論[M].廈門:廈門大學出版社,2001:42.
[5]Gill,R.MasteringEnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan,1985:42-45.
3.報紙類
【格式】[序號]作者.篇名[N].報紙名,出版日期(版次).
【舉例】
[6]李大倫.經(jīng)濟全球化的重要性[N].光明日報,1998-12-27(3).
[7]French,W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].AtlanticWeekly,198715(33).
4.論文集
【格式】[序號]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始頁碼.
【舉例】
[8]伍蠡甫.西方文論選[C].上海:上海譯文出版社,1979:12-17.
參考文獻范例:
[1]Leea H, Park S- Quantitative effects of mattress types(comfortable vs uncomfortable)on sleep quality through polysomnography and skin temperature[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2006,36(11)。
[2]Roy J E, Dick F S, Eus J W.Skin temperature and sleep-onset latency: Changes with age and insomnia [J]. Physiology Behavior, 2007, 90(2-3): 257~266.
[3]Hyunja L, Sejin P. Quantitative effects of mattress types (comfortable vs. uncomfortable) on sleep quality through poly-somnography and skin temperature[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2006, 36(11): 943一949.
[4]Miguel L T, Rosa P J. Objective firmness, average pressure and subjective perception in mattresses for the elderly [ J].Applied Ergonomics, 2008, 39(1):123-130.
[5]Ling L T,Hau M L.Effects of bedding systems selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related respiratory disturbances [J] .Applied Ergonomics, 2008,39(2):261-270.
[6]Haex B. Back and bed: Ergonomic Aspects of Sleeping CRC Press, Boca Raton,FL, 2004.
[7]Hildebrandt V H, Back pain in the working population: prevalence rates in Dutch trades and professions [J]. Ergonomics, 1995, 38.
[8]Lee H, Park S. Quantitative effects of mattress type on sleep quality through polysomnography and skin temperature [J]. Industrial Ergonomics, 2006, 36:934-949.
[9]Jacobson B H,Wallace T J, Smith D B, et al. Grouped comparisons of sleep quality for new and personal bedding systems [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2007,39.
[10]Bader.GQ Engdal S. The influence of bed firmness on sleep quality [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 2000,31.
[11]BUCKXEP, FERN ANDES A. Mattress evaluation-assessment of a cont act pres sure,comfort and discomfort [J]. Applied Ergonomics, 1998,29(1)。
[12]DE VOCHTAJW, WILDERB D Q BANDST RABER. Biomechanical evaluation of our different mattresses [J]. Applied Ergonomics,2006,37(3)。
[13]Allyson Tenney.Technical Rationale for the Standard for the Flammability (Open Flame) of Mattress Sets and Responses to Related Public Comments[J].Engineering Sciences,2006(6)。
[14]Alihankaa J,Vaahtorantaa K. A static charge sensitive bed:A new method for recording body movements during sleep Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,1979,46 (6)。
[15]Slater K. Human comfort[M], Spring.eld. IL,1985.
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