跟喬布斯學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)演講稿

跟喬布斯學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)演講稿

　　無(wú)論在學(xué)習(xí)還是工作中，我們都會(huì)接觸或用到各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)演講，小到課堂作業(yè)和工作匯報(bào)，大到會(huì)議發(fā)言和職位競(jìng)選。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英語(yǔ)演講稿呢?下面筆者就以喬布斯2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講稿為范本來(lái)具體剖析一下英語(yǔ)演講稿的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)，幫助大家了解其基本寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯清晰

　　指出演講話(huà)題的重要性。比如要做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“英語(yǔ)演講的藝術(shù)”的演講，演講者在一開(kāi)始就可以指出該演講對(duì)于聽(tīng)眾今后的學(xué)習(xí)、工作將會(huì)有很大幫助，甚至可以給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)例，讓聽(tīng)眾明白不聽(tīng)這個(gè)演講將會(huì)是一個(gè)損失，這樣聽(tīng)眾就會(huì)樂(lè)于認(rèn)真聽(tīng)演講了。②使聽(tīng)眾感到震驚。例如要做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“生活方式與疾病”的演講，開(kāi)篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù)，讓聽(tīng)眾看到生活方式不健康將會(huì)產(chǎn)生多么可怕的后果，這樣的震驚能夠使聽(tīng)眾快速調(diào)整狀態(tài)，投入到聽(tīng)演講中去。③引起聽(tīng)眾的好奇心。演講者可以在開(kāi)篇指出一種特別的現(xiàn)象，聽(tīng)眾出于好奇就會(huì)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)演講，想知道演講者如何分析或解釋。④向觀眾提問(wèn)。演講者可以在開(kāi)篇提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的思考，也會(huì)引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヂ?tīng)演講者如何解答問(wèn)題。此外，也可以在開(kāi)篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個(gè)故事等，這些基本的開(kāi)篇方式被無(wú)數(shù)的演講證明是實(shí)用而且有效的。 　　觀點(diǎn)明確，支撐有效 　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫(xiě)作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點(diǎn)或演講要點(diǎn)，如何用相關(guān)事實(shí)有效地支撐演講者的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)，是演講稿主體段寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：① The first story is about connecting the dots. ② My second story is about love and loss. ③ My third story is about death.為了清晰、有效地闡述自己想要表達(dá)的這三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，他運(yùn)用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來(lái)說(shuō)明他怎么對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡。比如他說(shuō)自己讀書(shū)時(shí)旁聽(tīng)有意思的書(shū)法課程，這些課在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計(jì)第一款Macintosh電腦的時(shí)候，這些東西全派上了用場(chǎng)，這個(gè)例子充分說(shuō)明了他演講的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)——串起生命中的點(diǎn)滴。另一個(gè)手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來(lái)闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。比如在講到死亡時(shí)，他引用了一句格言：“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”這句話(huà)表明了他對(duì)于生命和死亡的看法，使聽(tīng)眾印象深刻。第三個(gè)手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個(gè)故事——關(guān)于愛(ài)和失去時(shí)，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。他說(shuō)自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)?ldquo;Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We’d just released our finest creation—the Macintosh—a year earlier, and

　　由于公共演講的聽(tīng)眾一般有數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人，再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性(比如觀眾的歡呼或者抱怨)，演講者最好在進(jìn)入主題之后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，使聽(tīng)眾能跟隨演講者的思路，更好地預(yù)判整個(gè)演講內(nèi)容，以達(dá)到良好的演講效果。比如，喬布斯在2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講中，開(kāi)篇稍微寒暄之后就進(jìn)入正題：“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.”聽(tīng)眾馬上能對(duì)演講內(nèi)容做出預(yù)判——今天會(huì)聽(tīng)到喬布斯談三點(diǎn)，然后他們會(huì)關(guān)注具體是哪三點(diǎn)。這種演講就具備了“以觀眾為中心”的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中分別提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots.”“My second story is about love and loss.”“My third story is about death.”由于演講思路非常明晰，聽(tīng)眾在聽(tīng)完之后也會(huì)記憶猶新。

　　I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　當(dāng)然，演講稿在結(jié)構(gòu)方面的邏輯順序有許多種，喬布斯的這篇演講是按照話(huà)題順序和時(shí)間順序來(lái)安排的。除此之外，還有空間順序，“提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題”的順序等。大家可以根據(jù)不同演講內(nèi)容的需要來(lái)安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　開(kāi)篇出彩，吸引聽(tīng)眾

　　演講稿的開(kāi)篇往往需要花費(fèi)大量的功夫去設(shè)計(jì)。在寫(xiě)作開(kāi)篇時(shí)，演講者需要結(jié)合聽(tīng)眾特點(diǎn)、演講場(chǎng)合和演講主題等因素，爭(zhēng)取在一開(kāi)始就緊緊抓住聽(tīng)眾的注意力和興趣。下面筆者就介紹一下基本的演講開(kāi)篇模式，供大家以后寫(xiě)作演講稿參考。

　　演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。 為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫(xiě)作演講稿的要點(diǎn)，筆者建議大家做到以下三點(diǎn)：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語(yǔ)公共演講的書(shū)籍，筆者在此推薦Stephen E. Lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(The Art of Public Speaking)一書(shū)。②多想。學(xué)會(huì)分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點(diǎn)入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫(xiě)作演講稿，話(huà)題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來(lái)會(huì)更有興趣和成就感。 　　(本文選自《新東方英語(yǔ)》雜志2013年2月號(hào))

　　演講稿開(kāi)篇的目的是吸引聽(tīng)眾。喬布斯在他的演講稿開(kāi)篇使用的是“關(guān)聯(lián)話(huà)題與聽(tīng)眾”的方式。這是一種比較有效的方法，因?yàn)槿藗円话銓?duì)自己的事情都很關(guān)注，和自己相關(guān)的事情也會(huì)格外留意。喬布斯在演講開(kāi)篇說(shuō)道：“I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. And this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)——這就是在與聽(tīng)眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。喬布斯就是通過(guò)這種方式讓聽(tīng)眾一開(kāi)始就對(duì)自己產(chǎn)生好感或?qū)ψ约旱难葜v內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生興趣。當(dāng)然，喬布斯還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪�，更好地融洽了與聽(tīng)眾的關(guān)系。

　　演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。 為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫(xiě)作演講稿的要點(diǎn)，筆者建議大家做到以下三點(diǎn)：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語(yǔ)公共演講的書(shū)籍，筆者在此推薦Stephen E. Lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(The Art of Public Speaking)一書(shū)。②多想。學(xué)會(huì)分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點(diǎn)入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫(xiě)作演講稿，話(huà)題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來(lái)會(huì)更有興趣和成就感。 　　(本文選自《新東方英語(yǔ)》雜志2013年2月號(hào))

　　除了喬布斯的這種開(kāi)篇方式外，我們還需要了解和掌握其他一些開(kāi)篇方式：①指出演講話(huà)題的重要性。比如要做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“英語(yǔ)演講的藝術(shù)”的演講，演講者在一開(kāi)始就可以指出該演講對(duì)于聽(tīng)眾今后的學(xué)習(xí)、工作將會(huì)有很大幫助，甚至可以給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)例，讓聽(tīng)眾明白不聽(tīng)這個(gè)演講將會(huì)是一個(gè)損失，這樣聽(tīng)眾就會(huì)樂(lè)于認(rèn)真聽(tīng)演講了。②使聽(tīng)眾感到震驚。例如要做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“生活方式與疾病”的演講，開(kāi)篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù)，讓聽(tīng)眾看到生活方式不健康將會(huì)產(chǎn)生多么可怕的后果，這樣的震驚能夠使聽(tīng)眾快速調(diào)整狀態(tài)，投入到聽(tīng)演講中去。③引起聽(tīng)眾的好奇心。演講者可以在開(kāi)篇指出一種特別的現(xiàn)象，聽(tīng)眾出于好奇就會(huì)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)演講，想知道演講者如何分析或解釋。④向觀眾提問(wèn)。演講者可以在開(kāi)篇提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的思考，也會(huì)引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヂ?tīng)演講者如何解答問(wèn)題。此外，也可以在開(kāi)篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個(gè)故事等，這些基本的開(kāi)篇方式被無(wú)數(shù)的演講證明是實(shí)用而且有效的。

　　I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)　觀點(diǎn)明確，支撐有效

　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫(xiě)作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點(diǎn)或演講要點(diǎn)，如何用相關(guān)事實(shí)有效地支撐演講者的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)，是演講稿主體段寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：① The first story is about connecting the dots. ② My second story is about love and loss. ③ My third story is about death.為了清晰、有效地闡述自己想要表達(dá)的這三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，他運(yùn)用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來(lái)說(shuō)明他怎么對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡。比如他說(shuō)自己讀書(shū)時(shí)旁聽(tīng)有意思的書(shū)法課程，這些課在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計(jì)第一款Macintosh電腦的時(shí)候，這些東西全派上了用場(chǎng)，這個(gè)例子充分說(shuō)明了他演講的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)——串起生命中的點(diǎn)滴。另一個(gè)手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來(lái)闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。比如在講到死亡時(shí)，他引用了一句格言：“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.”這句話(huà)表明了他對(duì)于生命和死亡的看法，使聽(tīng)眾印象深刻。第三個(gè)手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個(gè)故事——關(guān)于愛(ài)和失去時(shí)，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。他說(shuō)自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)?ldquo;Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We’d just released our finest creation—the Macintosh—a year earlier, and I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。

　　I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛[來(lái)源：新東方 作者：錢(qián)希] 　　無(wú)論在學(xué)習(xí)還是工作中，我們都會(huì)接觸或用到各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)演講，小到課堂作業(yè)和工作匯報(bào)，大到會(huì)議發(fā)言和職位競(jìng)選。那么如何才能打造一篇精彩的英語(yǔ)演講稿呢?下面筆者就以喬布斯2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)演講稿為范本來(lái)具體剖析一下英語(yǔ)演講稿的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)，幫助大家了解其基本寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。 　　結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，邏輯清晰 由于公共演講的聽(tīng)眾一般有數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人，再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性(比如觀眾的歡呼或者抱怨)，演講者最好在進(jìn)入主題之后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，使聽(tīng)眾能跟隨演講者的思路，更好地預(yù)判整個(gè)演講內(nèi)容，以達(dá)到良好的演講效果。比如，喬布斯在2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講中，開(kāi)篇稍微寒暄之后就進(jìn)入正題：“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.”聽(tīng)眾馬上能對(duì)演講內(nèi)容做出預(yù)判——今天會(huì)聽(tīng)到喬布斯談三點(diǎn)，然后他們會(huì)關(guān)注具體是哪三點(diǎn)。這種演講就具備了“以觀眾為中心”的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中分別提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots.”“My second story is about love and loss.”“My third story is about death.”由于演講思路非常明晰，聽(tīng)眾在聽(tīng)完之后也會(huì)記憶猶新。 當(dāng)然，演講稿在結(jié)構(gòu)方面的邏輯順序有許多種，喬布斯的這篇演講是按照話(huà)題順序和時(shí)間順序來(lái)安排的。除此之外，還有空間順序，“提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題”的順序等。大家可以根據(jù)不同演講內(nèi)容的需要來(lái)安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和整體結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　開(kāi)篇出彩，吸引聽(tīng)眾 演講稿的開(kāi)篇往往需要花費(fèi)大量的功夫去設(shè)計(jì)。在寫(xiě)作開(kāi)篇時(shí)，演講者需要結(jié)合聽(tīng)眾特點(diǎn)、演講場(chǎng)合和演講主題等因素，爭(zhēng)取在一開(kāi)始就緊緊抓住聽(tīng)眾的注意力和興趣。下面筆者就介紹一下基本的演講開(kāi)篇模式，供大家以后寫(xiě)作演講稿參考。 演講稿開(kāi)篇的目的是吸引聽(tīng)眾。喬布斯在他的演講稿開(kāi)篇使用的是“關(guān)聯(lián)話(huà)題與聽(tīng)眾”的方式。這是一種比較有效的方法，因?yàn)槿藗円话銓?duì)自己的事情都很關(guān)注，和自己相關(guān)的事情也會(huì)格外留意。喬布斯在演講開(kāi)篇說(shuō)道：“I am honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. And this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)——這就是在與聽(tīng)眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)。喬布斯就是通過(guò)這種方式讓聽(tīng)眾一開(kāi)始就對(duì)自己產(chǎn)生好感或?qū)ψ约旱难葜v內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生興趣。當(dāng)然，喬布斯還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪�，更好地融洽了與聽(tīng)眾的關(guān)系。 　　除了喬布斯的這種開(kāi)篇方式外，我們還需要了解和掌握其他一些開(kāi)篇方式：①

　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。

　　I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性的經(jīng)典形式，值得借鑒。

　　為了更加有效地掌握文中講到的寫(xiě)作演講稿的要點(diǎn)，筆者建議大家做到以下三點(diǎn)：①多看。多看一些演講素材，比如名人演講、演講比賽優(yōu)秀選手的演講等，積累大量的一手素材;也有必要閱讀一些關(guān)于英語(yǔ)公共演講的書(shū)籍，筆者在此推薦Stephen E. Lucas的《演講的藝術(shù)》(The Art of Public Speaking)一書(shū)。②多想。學(xué)會(huì)分析這些演講之所以精彩的原因，可以從筆者上面講的幾點(diǎn)入手分析。③多練。在有了一定的積累之后，要大量練習(xí)寫(xiě)作演講稿，話(huà)題可以從日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中選取，這樣練習(xí)起來(lái)會(huì)更有興趣和成就感。

　　I’d just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有“道”，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有“道”呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：“Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話(huà)后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種“引文結(jié)尾”的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是Patrick Henry的演講“Liberty or Death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：“Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)

【跟喬布斯學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)演講稿】相關(guān)文章：

怎么寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃分享06-12

怎么跟老板寫(xiě)請(qǐng)假條09-08

怎么寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)05-28

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃怎么寫(xiě)09-16

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃怎么寫(xiě)？10-26

學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)怎么寫(xiě)07-27

怎么寫(xiě)學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)03-26

學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)歷怎么寫(xiě)03-05

跟單文員個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷怎么寫(xiě)08-09

喬布斯名言英語(yǔ)12-28