英語(yǔ)演講稿的寫(xiě)作格式
英語(yǔ)演講稿的組成部分:
從大的方面看,英語(yǔ)演講詞實(shí)際上是屬于一種特殊的說(shuō)明文或議論文,其基本組成部分是:
(1)開(kāi)始時(shí)對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的稱呼語(yǔ)
最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen,也可根據(jù)不同情況,選用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(評(píng)委)等等。
(2)提出論題
由于演講的時(shí)間限制,必須開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,提出論題。提出論題的方法有各種各樣,但最生動(dòng),最能引起注意的是用舉例法。比如:你要呼吁大家關(guān)心貧窮地區(qū)的孩子,你可以用親眼看到的或者收集到的那些貧窮孩子多么需要幫助的實(shí)例開(kāi)始。另外,用具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也是一個(gè)有效的引出論題的方法,比如:你要談遵守交通規(guī)則的話題,你可以從舉一系列有關(guān)車輛、車禍等的數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)始。
(3)論證
對(duì)提出的論題,不可主觀地妄下結(jié)論,而要進(jìn)行客觀的論證。這是演講中最需要下功夫的部分。關(guān)鍵是要把道理講清楚。常見(jiàn)的論證方法有舉例法、因果法、對(duì)比法等等,可參見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)議論文的有關(guān)章節(jié)。
(4)結(jié)論
結(jié)論要簡(jiǎn)明扼要,以給聽(tīng)眾留下深刻印象。
(5)結(jié)尾
結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔,不要拉拉扯扯,說(shuō)個(gè)沒(méi)完。特別是不要受漢語(yǔ)影響,說(shuō)些類似“準(zhǔn)備不足,請(qǐng)諒解”,“請(qǐng)批評(píng)指正”這樣的廢話。最普通的結(jié)尾就是:Thank you very much for your attention。
英語(yǔ)演講稿注意事項(xiàng):
1.演講要越短越好
關(guān)于寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)演講稿,應(yīng)該要直截了當(dāng),開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山的,不應(yīng)該有中文的那種迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)的表達(dá)方式。據(jù)有關(guān)專家統(tǒng)計(jì),一般人的注意力一次只能集中約13分鐘。所以,演講長(zhǎng)度以10~15分鐘為宜。
2.根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾對(duì)象,注意演講的總體措詞
演講的總體措詞是嚴(yán)肅一些還是活潑一些,是有較明顯的說(shuō)教口氣還是用平等的口吻,等等,都要根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾對(duì)象而定。如果場(chǎng)下聽(tīng)眾是同齡的學(xué)生,那么演講的內(nèi)容只要風(fēng)趣一些往往就能引起共鳴。但另一方面,如果聽(tīng)眾大多是上了年紀(jì)的教師,太多的笑料反而會(huì)被認(rèn)為“不嚴(yán)肅”,“不尊重”,而引起反感。
用英語(yǔ)演講,不要用太多 I feel, I think,老是用I,顯得十分主觀,狹隘。如果通篇全是 I feel, I think 的內(nèi)容,會(huì)給人覺(jué)得缺乏說(shuō)服力。另外,perhaps, maybe 這樣的詞語(yǔ),雖然有“客氣,謙虛”的成分,但太多會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得你演講的內(nèi)容有不可靠之處。
還有,在演講中,要少用you,多用we。用you等于把自己與聽(tīng)眾對(duì)立起來(lái),而用we則拉近了與聽(tīng)眾的距離。比如:You should not smoke.聽(tīng)上去像教訓(xùn)人,而 Lets not smoke聽(tīng)起來(lái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議。
3.英語(yǔ)演講稿的語(yǔ)言特征
(1)多用實(shí)詞,多用短句,少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句
在英語(yǔ)演講中,and, but, so, then 等虛詞要盡量少用,that, which 等詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也只會(huì)使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜,而使聽(tīng)眾難以跟上演講者的思路,從而影響演講的效果。相反,多使用實(shí)詞,短句,可使得演講內(nèi)容更清晰,氣勢(shì)更磅礴。
(2)演講要注意使用各種修辭手法,增加演講的感染力和氣勢(shì)。英語(yǔ)演講中常用的修辭手法有:漸進(jìn)(climax)、對(duì)照(antithesis)、排比(parallelism)、警句(epigram)等等,例如:
That government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.(排比)
這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的國(guó)家將不會(huì)從地球上消失。
United, there is little we can not do; divided, there is little we can do.(對(duì)照)
團(tuán)結(jié),我們便將無(wú)所不能;分裂,我們則會(huì)一事無(wú)成。
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.(對(duì)照和漸進(jìn))
讓世界各國(guó)都知道,無(wú)論對(duì)我們懷有好感與敵意,我們將付出任何代價(jià),肩負(fù)任何重任,面對(duì)任何艱辛,支持任何朋友,反對(duì)任何敵人,以確保自由的生存與成功。
What we should fear most is the fear itself.(警句)
我們最應(yīng)恐懼的是恐懼本身。
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.(對(duì)照)
不要問(wèn)你們的國(guó)家能為你們做些什么,而要問(wèn)你們能為你們的國(guó)家做些什么。
設(shè)想一下,假如在我們的演講中能融入上述這樣運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)男揶o手段,那我們的演講將會(huì)變得多么有力與動(dòng)人。
英語(yǔ)演講稿范例
Farewell, Indifference
Who was the most well-known figure in China last month? It’s Ma JiaJue—the college student who murdered 4 of his roommates. Many people attributed his crime to his poverty and deficient education. In my opinion, his crime also has much to do with his classmates’ indifference.
Indifference is a terrible disease in today’s colleges and the whole society. It’s not rare that two students who have studied together for 4 years have never spoken to each other. It’s not rare that a student who has been absent from class for several days is not noticed at all. It’s also not rare that a student who has severe psychological problems is not cared about at all.
Some people may say ‘What the students with psychological problems like Ma JiaJue need is not care but psychotherapy.” However, when people are ill, what they need most is not only medical treatment, but also care from people around them. Every smile and every caring word will bring sunshine to their life.
I once heard one of my roommates who was an introverted girl sobbing at mid-night. Being afraid of disturbing her, I sent a text message to comfort her. The next day, she told me that she was crying for not being invited to one of her friend’s birthday party. She thought she was neglected by others. But my message was really comforting which told her someone still cared about her.
What can we do to prevent the tragedy of Ma JiaJue from happening again? Some people may say ‘Let’s open more psychological courses in schools.’ and other people may say ‘Let’s donate more money for the poor students.’ But I’ll say “My fellow student, let’s give more love and care to our roommates, our classmates and every person around us!”
走出冷漠
誰(shuí)是中國(guó)上個(gè)月最有名的人物? 這當(dāng)然要數(shù)馬加爵了——這個(gè)殺害了四名同學(xué)的'大學(xué)生。很多人將他的犯罪歸結(jié)于他的貧窮和不全面的教育。但我覺(jué)得他的犯罪還跟他周圍同學(xué)的冷漠有很大關(guān)系。
冷漠是流行于當(dāng)今校園及整個(gè)社會(huì)中的一種可怕的疾病。有的同學(xué)在一起學(xué)習(xí)了4年卻從未說(shuō)過(guò)話,有的同學(xué)幾天沒(méi)去上課卻無(wú)人知曉,還有的同學(xué)有了嚴(yán)重的心理問(wèn)題卻得不到關(guān)心。
有人說(shuō):像馬加爵那樣有心理問(wèn)題的人需要的不是關(guān)心而是心理治療。但在一個(gè)人生病的時(shí)候,除了醫(yī)生的治療,他需要的還有周圍人的關(guān)心。一個(gè)微笑,一聲問(wèn)候都能為他們的生活帶來(lái)陽(yáng)光。
有一天半夜,我碰巧聽(tīng)見(jiàn)寢室里一個(gè)平時(shí)很內(nèi)向的女孩在輕聲抽泣。為了不驚動(dòng)她,我給她發(fā)了一條短信來(lái)安慰她。第二天,他告訴我那晚她哭了是因?yàn)樗囊晃缓门笥验_(kāi)生日聚會(huì)沒(méi)有請(qǐng)她參加,她覺(jué)得自己被大家所忽視了。但我對(duì)短信卻給了她很大安慰,讓她覺(jué)得還是有人惦記著她的。
如何才能阻止馬加爵的悲劇重演呢?有人呼吁應(yīng)該在學(xué)校開(kāi)設(shè)更多的心理輔導(dǎo)課程,有人建議應(yīng)該給貧困學(xué)生更多的捐助,而我要說(shuō)的是:同學(xué)們,讓我們把更多的關(guān)愛(ài)帶給我們的舍友,同學(xué)和身邊的每一個(gè)人!
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